Puṣpādivarga 4.1.1: Kamala (Nelumbium speciosum) कमल वा पुंसि पट्नं नलिनमर विन्दं महोत्पलम् । सहस्त्रपत्रं कमलं शतपत्रं कुशेशयम् ।। १ ।। पंकेरुहं तामरसं सारसं सरसोरुहम । बिसप्रसूनराजीवपुष्कराम्भोरुहाणि च ।। २ ।। कमलं शीतलं वर्ण्यं मधुरं कफपित्तजित् । तृष्णादाहास्त्र विस्फोट विषवीसर्पनाशनम् ।। ३ ।। विशेषतः स्त्रितं पट्नं पुण्डीकमितिस्मृतम् । रक्तं कोकनदं ज्ञेयं नीलमिन्दीवरं स्मृतम् ।। ४ ।। धवलं कमलं शीतं मधुरं कफपित्तजित् । तस्मादल्पगुणं किचिंदन्यद्रक्तोत्पलादिकम् ।। ५ ।। Synonyms: Ambhoruha, Arvinda, Bisaprasūna, Kuśeśaya, Mahotpala, Nalina, Paṅkaruha, Puṣkara, Rajīva, Sahastrapatra, Sarasa, Sarasoruha, śatapatra and Tāmarasa. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Alterative. Therapeutics: Thirst, burning sensation, blood diseases, eruptions, poisoning and erysipelas. 4.1.2 White variety of Kamala Synonyms: Puṇḍrīka. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. 4.1.3: Red varierty of Kamala Synonyms: Indivara. Note: It is considered inferior as compared to White variety (Puṇḍarika). 4.1.4: Padmini पट्निनी मूलनालदलोत्फुल्लफलैः समुदिता पुनः । पट्निनी प्रोच्यते प्रज्ञैर्बिसिन्यादिश्च सा स्मृत ।। ६ ।। पट्निनी शीतला गुर्वी मधुरा लवणा च सा । पित्तासृक्कफतुत्क्षुद्रा वातविष्टम्भकारिणी ।। ७ ।। Description: The entire plant of Kamala is known as Padminī. Synonyms: Bisinī, Kamalinī and Nalinī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Lavaṇa (Salt). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. 4.1.5: Tender leaves of Kamala Synonym: Sa*rtikā. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Therapeutics: Burning sensation, thirst, dysuria, rectal diseases and epistaxis. 4.1.6: Bījakosha (Ovary containing seeds) Synonym: Karṇikā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Thirst and blood diseases. 4.1.7: Inflorescence संवर्तिका संवर्तिका नवदलं बीजकोशस्तुकर्णिका । कञ्जल्कः केसरः प्रोक्तो मकरन्दो रसः स्मृतः ।। ८ ।। पट्ननालं मृणांल स्यात् तथा बिसमिति स्मृतम् । संवर्तिका हिमा तिक्ता कषाया दाहतृट्प्रणुत् । मूत्रकृच्छ्रं गदव्याधिरक्तपित्तविनाशिनी ।। ९ ।। Synonym: Kiñjalka. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac and astringent. therapeutics: Thirst, burning sensation, bleeding hemorrhoids, poisoning and edema. 4.1.8: Kamalanāla (Chief stalk of the plant) कर्णिका पट्नस्य कर्णिका तिक्ता कषाया मधुरा हिमा । मुखवैशट्नकृल्यघ्वी तृष्णासृक्कफपित्तनुत् ।। १० ।। Synonyms: Bisa and Mriṇāla. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac, galactagouge and astringent. Therapeutics: Burning sensation and blood diseases. 4.1.9: śālūka (Rhizome) किंजल्क (केशर) किंजल्कः शीतलोवृष्यः कषायो ग्राहकोsपि सः । कफपित्ततृषादाहरक्तार्शोविषशोथजित् ।। ११ ।। मृणाल के गुण मृणालं शीतलं वृष्यं पित्तदाहास्त्रजिद् गुरु ।। १२ ।। दुर्जरं स्वादुपाकं च स्तन्यानिलकफप्रदम् । संग्राहि मधुरं रूक्षं शालूकमपि तद्गुणम् ।। १३ ।। Synonyms: Bisa and Mṛṇāla. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac, galactagouge and astringent. Therapeutics: Burning sensation and blood diseases. 4.1.10: Sthalakamala स्थलकमलिनी पट्नचारिण्यतिचराsव्यथा पट्ना च शारदा । पट्नानुष्णा कटुस्तिक्ता कषाया कफवातजित् । मूत्रकृष्छ्रश्मशूलघ्नी श्वासकासविषापहा ।। १४ ।। Synonyms: Aticarā, Avyathā, Padmacāriṇi, Padmā and śāradā. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Dysuria, calculus, asthma, cough and poisoning. 4.2.1: Kumudinī (Nymphaea alba कुमुद श्वेतं कुवलयं प्रोक्तं कुुमुदं कैरवं तथा । कुमुदं पिच्छिलं स्निग्धं मधुरं ह्लादि शीतलम् ।। १५ ।। कुमुदिनी कुमुद्वती कैरविका तथा कुमुदिनीति च । सा तु मूलादिसर्वाङ्गरुदिता समुदिताबुधैः । पिट्नन्या ये गुणाः प्रोक्ताः कुमुदिन्या श्चते स्मृताः ।। १६ ।। Description: The entire plant of Kumuda is known as Kumudinī. Synonyms: Kairavikā and Kumudvatī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Lavaṇa (Salt). Guṇa (Physical property): Ruksha. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. 4.2.2: Red variety of Kumudini Synonyms: Hallaka, Kalhara, Raktsandyaka and Saugandhika. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Astringent. Note: It disturbs digestion. 4.3.1: Vāriparṇī (Pistia startiotes) वारिपर्णी व शैवाल वारिपर्णी कुम्भिका स्याद्वारिमूली खमूलिका । वारिपर्णी हिमा तिक्ता लघ्वी स्वाद्वी सराकटुः । दोषत्रयहरी रूक्षा शोणितज्वरशेषकृत् ।। १७ ।। शैवालं जलनीलीस्याच्छैवलं जलजं च तत् । शैवालं तुवरं तिक्तं मधुरं शीतलं लघु । स्निग्धं दाहतृषापित्तरक्तज्वरहरं परम् ।। १८ ।। Synonyms: Khamūlikā, Kumbhikā and Varimūlī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: (s): Laxtive. Note: It produces blood diseases, fever and consumption. 4.3.2: śaivāla (Ceratophyllum demersum) Synonyms: Jalaja, Jalanīlī and śaivāla. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Therapeutics: Burning sensation, thirst, blood diseases and fever. 4.4: śatapatrī (Rosa centifolia) शतपत्री (गुलाब) शतपत्री तरुण्युक्ता कर्णिका चारुकेशरा । महाकुमारी गन्धाढ्या लाक्षाकृष्णातिमञ्जुला ।। १९ ।। शतपत्री हिमा हृद्या ग्राहिणी शुक्रला लघुः । दोषत्रयास्त्रजिद्वर्ण्या कट्वी तिक्ता च पाचनी ।। २० ।। Synonyms: Atimañjulā, Cārukeśara, Gandhāḍhyā, Karṇikā, Lākṣapuṣpa, Mahākumārī and Taruṇī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Cardiac tonic, alterative, astringent, digestive and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. 4.5: Nevārī (Jasminum arborscens) अथ वासंती (नेवारी) नैपाली कथिता तज्झैः सप्तला नवमालिका वासन्ती लघ्वी तिक्ता दोषत्रयास्त्रजित् ।। २१ ।। Synonyms: Navamālikā, Naipālī and Saptalā. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. 4.6.1: Vārṣikī (Jasminum sambac) वार्षिका (बेला) श्रीपदी षट्पदानन्दा वार्षिकी मुक्तबन्धना । वार्षिकी शीतला लघ्वी तिक्ता दोषत्रयापहा कर्णांक्षिमुखरोगघ्नी तत्तैलं तद्गुणं स्मृतम् ।। २२ ।। Synonyms: Muktabandhanā, ṣaṭpadānandā, śrīpadī and Vārṣikī. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Diseases of the ear, eye and mouth. 4.62.2: Oil of Vārṣikī Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Diseases of the ear, eye and mouth. 4.7.1: Mālatī (Jasminum grandiflorum) मालती-स्वर्णजाती (चमेली) जातिर्जाती च सुमना मालती राजपुत्रिका । चेतिका हृद्यगन्धा च सा पीता स्वर्णं जातिका ।। २३ ।। जातीयुगं तिक्तमुष्णं तुवरं लघु दोषजित् । शिरोsक्षिमुखदन्तार्तिविषकुष्ठव्रणास्त्रजित् ।। २४ ।। Synonyms: Jātī, Sumanā, Rajaputrikā, Cetikā and Hṛdyagandhā. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Therapeutics: Diseases of the head, eye, mouth, teeth, poisoning, skin diseases and blood diseases. 4.7.2: Suvaraṇajātikā Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Therapeutics: Diseases of the head, eye, mouth, teeth, poisoning, skin diseases and blood diseases. 4.8.1: Jūhī (Jasminum auriculatum) यूथिका (जूही) यूथिका गणिकाम्बष्ठा पीता हेमपुष्पिका । यूथीयुगं हिमं तिक्तं कटुपाकरसं लघु ।। २५ ।। मधुरं तुवरं हृद्यं पित्तघ्नं कफवातलम् । व्रणास्त्रमुखदन्ताक्षिशिरोरोगविषापहम् ।। २६ ।। Synonyms: Ambaṣṭhā, Gaṇikā and Yūthikā. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Madhura (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta and Kapha. Action: Cardiac tonic. Therapeutics: Ulcer, diseases of the head, eye, mouth, teeth and poisoning 4.8.2 Hemapuṣpikā Synonyms: Ambaṣṭhā, Gaṇikā and yuthika. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Madhura (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta and Kapha. Action: Cardiac tonic. Therapeutics: Ulcer, diseases of the head, eye, mouth, teeth and poisoning. 4.9. Ca*pā (Michelia champaca) चंपक (चम्पा) चाम्पेयश्चम्पकः प्रोक्तो हेमपुष्पश्च स स्मृतः । एतस्य कलिका गन्धफलीति कथिता बुधैः ।। २७ ।। चम्पकः कटुकस्तिक्तः कषायो मधुरो हिमः । विषक्रिमिहरः कृच्छ्रः कफवातास्त्रपित्तजित् ।। २८ ।। Synonyms: Cā*peya and Hemapuṣpa. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter), Kaṣāya (Astringent) and Madhura (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: poisoning, worm infestation, dysuria and blood diseases. 4.10.1: Bakula (Mimusops elengi) बकुल (मोलश्री) बकुली मधुगन्धश्च सिंहकेसरकस्तथा । बकुलस्तुवरोनुष्णः कटुपाकरसो गुरुः ।। २९ ।। कफपित्तविषश्वित्रकृमिदन्तगदापहः । Synonyms: Madhusugandha and Si*hakesaraka. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Therapeutics: poisoning, leucoderma, worm infestation and dental diseases. 4.10.2: Vṛhatbakula बुहद्वकुल (बड़ी मौलश्री) शिवमल्ली पाशुपत एकाष्ठीलो बुको वसुः ।। ३० ।। बुकोsनुष्णः कटुस्तिक्तः कफपित्तविषापहः । योनिदोषतृषादाहकुष्ठशोथास्त्रनाशः ।। ३१ ।। Synonyms: Ekāṣṭhīla, Pāśupata, śivamallī, Vaka and Vasu. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: poisoning of vaginal origin, thirst, burning sensation, skin diseases, edema and blood diseases. Kadamba कदम्ब (Anthocephalus Kadamba) कदम्बः प्रियको नीपो वृत्तपुष्पो हलिप्रियः । कदम्बो मधुरः शीतः कषायो लवणो गुरुः ।। ३३ ।। सरो विष्टम्भकृद्रूक्षः कफस्तन्यानिलप्रदः । Synonyms: Halipriya, Nīpa, Priyaka and Vṛttapuṣpa. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Lavaṇa (Salt) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta. Action: Laxative and galactagouge. 4.12: Kūjā (Rosa moschata) कुब्जक (कूजा) कुब्जको भद्रतरणिर्बृहत्पुष्पोsतिकेशरः ।। ३३ ।। महासहा कण्टकाढ्या नीलाsलिकुलसंकुला । कुब्जकः सुरभिः स्वादुः कषायानुरसः ।। ३४ ।। त्रिदोषशमनो वृष्यः शीतहर्ताच स स्मृतः । Synonyms: Atikeśara, Bhadrataruṇi, Kaṇṭakādḥyā, Kubjaka, Mahāsahā, Nīlālā, Aikulasa*kulā and Vṛhatapuṣpā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Aromatic and aphrodisiac. 4.13: Mallikā (Jasminum Savebac) मल्लिका मल्लिका मदयन्ती च शीतभीरुश्च भूपदा ।। ३५ ।। मल्लिकोष्णा लघुर्वृष्या तिक्ता च कटुका हरेत् । वातपित्तास्यदृग्व्याधिकुष्ठारुचिविषव्रण न् ।। ३६ ।। Synonyms: Bhupadī, Madayantī and śītabhīru. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Aromatic and aphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Diseases of the mouth and eye, skin diseases, anorexia, poisoning and ulcer. 4.14: Mādhavī (Hiptage madablota) माधवी (वसंती) माधवी स्यात्तु वासान्ती पुण्ड्रिको मण्डकोsपि च । अतिमुक्तश्चाविमुक्तः कामुको भ्रमरोत्सवः माधवी मधुरा शीता लघ्वी दोषत्रयापहा ।। ३७ ।। Synonyms: Atimukta, Bhramarotsava, Kāmuka, Maṇḍaka, Puṇḍrika, Vāsanī and Vimukta. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. 4.15.1: Ketaka (Pandanus odaratissimus) केतक (केवड़ा) केतक सूचिका पुष्पो जम्बुकः क्रक्रचच्छद्रः ।। ३८ ।। सुवर्णकेतकी त्वन्या लघुपुष्पा सुगन्धिनी । केतकः कटुकः स्वादुर्लघुस्तिक्तः कफापहः ।। ३९ ।। उष्णास्तिक्तरसो ज्ञेयः चक्षुष्या हेमकेतकी । Synonyms: Jambuka, Krakracchada and Sūcikāpuṣpa. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. 4.15.2: Yellow variety of Ketaka Synonyms: Laghupuṣpa, Sugandhinī and Suvarṇaketakī. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Therapeutics: Diseases of the eye. 4.16: Ki*kirāta किंकिरात किंकिरातो हेमगौरः पीतकः पीतभद्रमः ।। ४० ।। किंकिरातो हिमस्तिक्तः कषायश्च हरेदसौ । कफपित्तपिपासास्त्रादाहशोषवमिकृमीन् ।। ४१ ।। Synonyms: Hemagaura, Pītaka and pitabhadraka. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta. Therapeutics: Thirst, blood diseases, burning sensation, consumption, vomiting and worm infestation. 4.17: Karṇikāra कर्णिकार कर्णिकारः परिव्याधः पादपोत्पल इत्यपि । कर्णिकारः कटुस्तिक्तस्तुवरःशोधना लघुः ।। ४२ ।। रञ्जनः सुखदः शोथश्लेष्मास्त्रव्रणकुष्ठजित् । Synonyms: Pādapotpala and Parivyādha. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent), Kaṣāya (Astringent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Edema, blood diseases, ulcer and skin diseases. 4.18: Aśoka (Saraca indica) अशोक ओशोको हेमपुष्पश्च वञ्जुलस्ताम्रपल्लवः ।। ४३ ।। कंकेलिः पिण्डपुष्पश्च गन्धपुष्पो नटस्तथा । अशोकः शीतलस्तिक्तो ग्राही वर्ण्यः कषायकः ।। दोषापचीतृषादाहकृमिशोथविषास्त्रजित् ।। ४४ ।। Synonyms: Gandhapuṣpa, Hemapuṣpa, Kañkeli, Naṭa, Pinḍapuṣpa, Tāmrapallava and Vañjula. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action: Astringent and alterative. Therapeutics: Cervacal adenitis, thirst, burning sensation, worm infestation, consumption, poisoning and blood diseases. 4.19: Amlāṭana बाणपुष्प अम्लातोsम्लाटनः प्रोक्तस्तथाम्लातक इत्यपि ।। ४५ कुरण्टको वर्णपुष्पः स एवोक्तो महासहः । अम्लाटनः कषायोष्णः स्निग्ध स्वादुश्च तिक्तः ।। ४६ ।। सैरेयक (कटसरैसा) सैरेयकः श्वेतपुष्पः सैरेयः कटसारिका । सहाचरः सहचरः स च भिन्द्यपि कत्यते ।। ४७ ।। कुरण्टको-म पोतेस्याद्रक्ते कुरबकः स्मृतः । नीले बाणाद्वयोरुक्तो दासी चार्त्तगलश्च सः ।। ४८ ।। सैरेयः कुष्ठवातस्त्रकफकण्डुविषाहः । तिक्तोष्णो मधुरो-नम्लः सुस्निग्धः केशरञ्जनः ।। ४९ ।। Synonyms: Amlāta, Amlātaka, Amlāṭana, Kuraṇṭaka and Varṇapuṣpa. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action: Astringent and alterative. Therapeutics: Cervacal adenitis, thirst, burning sensation, worm infestation, consumption, poisoning and blood diseases. 4.20.1: White variety of Saireyaka (Barleria prionitis) Synonyms: Bhiṇdi, Kaṭasārikā, Sahācara, Sahacara, Saireya and śvetapuṣa, saierayka. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Amla (Sour) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Skin diseases, gout, pruritis and poisoning. 4.20.2: Yellow variety of Saireyaka Synonyms: Kuraṇṭaka. 4.20.3: Red variety of Saireyaka Synonyms: Kurbaka. 4.20.4: Blue variety of Saireyaka (Barleria prionitis) Synonyms: ārtagala, Bāṇa Bāṇā and Dāsī. Karpūrādivarga 2.1: Karpūra (Cinnamomum-camphora) कर्पूर पुँसि क्लीबे च कर्पूरो हिमाह्वो हिमवालुकः । घनसारश्चन्द्रसंज्ञो हिमनामापि स स्मृतः ।। १ ।। कर्पूरः शीतलो वृष्यः चक्षुष्यो लेखनो लघुः । सुरभिर्मधुरस्तिक्तः कफपित्तविषापहः ।। २ ।। दाहतृष्णास्यवैरस्यमेदो दौर्गन्ध्यनाशनः । कर्पूरो द्विविधः प्रोक्तः पक्वापक्वप्रभेदतः । पक्वात्कर्पूरतः प्राहुरपक्वं गुणवत्तरम् ।। ३ ।। चीनाक कर्पूर चीनसंज्ञस्तु कर्पूरः कफक्षयकरः स्मृतः । कुष्ठकण्डूवमिहरस्तथा तिक्तरसश्च सः ।। ४ ।। Synonyms: Candramā, Ghansāra, Himā, Himavāluka and sitābrha. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṭu (pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Aromatic and aphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Eye diseases, abesity, poisoning, burning, dryness of the mouth and halitosis. Types: Pakva and Apakva. Apakva is considered to be superior. 2.2: Kastūrī (Musk) कस्तूरी मृगनाभिर्मृ गमदः कथितस्तु सहस्रभित् । कस्तूरिका च कस्तूरी वैधमुख्या च सा स्मृता ।। ५ ।। कामरूपोद्भवा कृष्णानैपालो नोलवर्णयुक् । काश्मीरे कपिल्छाया कस्तूरी त्रिविधा स्मृता ।।६ ।। कामरूपोद्भावाश्रेष्ठा नैपालो मध्यमाभवेत् । काश्मीरदेशसंभूता कस्तूरी हृधमा स्मृता ।। ७ ।। कस्तूरिका कटुस्कित क्षारोष्णा शुक्रलागुरुः । कफवातविषच्छर्दिशीतदौर्गन्ध्यशोषहृत् ।। ८ ।। Synonyms: Kastūrikā, Mṛgamada, Mṛganābhi, Sahasrabhit and Vaidhamukhyā. Types: 1. Kāmarūpī: it is of black color. it is best. 2.Nepālī: it is of blue color. it is medium. 3. Kaśmīrī it is of brown color. it is inferior. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent) and Amla (Sour). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac and deodorand. Therapeutics: Poisoning, vomiting and atrophy. 2.3: Muṣkabīja (Hibiscus abelmoschus) मुष्कबीज लताकस्तूरिका तिक्ता स्वाद्वी वृष्या हिमालघुः । चक्षुष्याछेदीश्लेष्मतृष्णाबस्त्यास्यरोगहृत् । Synonyms: Latākṣtūrikā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṭu (pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac and laxative. Therapeutics: Eye diseases, thirst, diseases of the urinary bladder and mouth. 2.4: Gandhamājāravīya गन्धमार्जारवीर्यम् (जवादि कस्तूरी) गन्धमार्जारवीर्य्यन्तु वीर्य्यकृत्कफवातहृत् । कण्डूकुष्ठहरं नेत्र्यं सुगन्धं स्वेदगन्धनुत ।। १० ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṭu (pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodiseac, deodorand and aromatic. Therapeutics: Eye diseases, hyperhidrosis, prurits and leprosy. 2.5: Candana (Santalum album) चन्दनम् श्रीखण्डं चन्दनं न स्त्री भद्रश्रीस्तैलपर्णिका । गन्धसारो मलयजस्तथा चन्द्रद्युतिश्च सः ।। ११ ।। स्वादे तिक्तं कषे पीतं छेदे रक्तं तनौ सितम् । ग्रन्थिकोटरसंयुक्तं चन्दनं श्रेष्ठमुच्यते ।। १२ ।। चन्दनं शीतलं रूक्षं तिक्तमाह्लादनं लघु । श्रमशोषविषश्लेष्मतृष्णापित्तास्रदाहनुत् ।। १३ ।। Synonyms: Bhandraśrī, Candradhyuti, Gandhasāra, Malayaja and śrīkhaṇḍa. Properties of best Candana: pungent in taste, yellow on rubbing, red on cutting, white externally, nodular and has cavity. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies pitta and Kapha. Action: Cooling Therapeutics: Debility, thirst, poisoning, burning and disease caused by vitiation of blood. 2.6: Pītacandana (Santalum album) पीतचन्दन कलम्बकं तु कालीयं पीताभं हरिचन्दनम् । हरिप्रियं कालसारं तथा कालानुसार्य्यकम् । कालीयकं रक्तगुणं विशेषाद्वयङ्गनाशनम् ।। १४ ।। Synonyms: Haricandana, Haripriya, Kalambaka, Kālānusāryyaka, Kālasāra, Kālīya and Pīttabha. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies pitta and Kapha. Action: Cooling Therapeutics: Debility, thirst, poisoning, burning and disease caused by vitiation of blood. it is especially indicated in cholasma. 2.7: Rakta Candana (Pterocarpus santalinus) रक्तचन्दन रक्तचन्दनमाख्यातं रक्ताङ्गं क्षुद्रचन्दनम् । तिलपर्णी रक्तसारं तत्प्रवालफलं स्मृतम् ।। १५ ।। रक्तं शीतं गुरु स्वादु च्छर्दितृष्णास्रपित्तहृत् । तिक्तं नेत्रहितं वृष्यं ज्वरव्रणविषापहम् ।। Synonyms: Kṣudracandana, Pravālaphala, Raktāṅga, Raktasāra and Tilaparṇī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṭu (pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies pitta Action: Aphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Eye diseases, vomiting, poisoning, thirst, fever caused by Pitta and diseases caused by vitiation of blood. 2.8: Pataṅga (Caesalpinia sappan) पतंग पतंग रक्तसारं च सुरंगरञ्जनं तथा । पटरञ्जकमाख्यातं पत्तूरं च कुचन्दनम् ।। १७ ।। पतंग मधुरं शीतं पित्तश्लेष्मव्रणास्रनुत् । हरिचन्दनवद्वेद्यं विशेषाद्दाहनाशनम् ।। १८ ।। चन्दनानि तु सर्वाणि सदृशानि रसादिभिः । गन्धेन तु विशेषोsस्ति पूर्व श्रेष्ठतमं गुणैः ।। १९ ।। Synonyms: Kucandana, Paṭarañjaka, Pattūra, Raktasāra, Rañjana and Suraṅga. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies pitta and Kapha. Action: Cooling Therapeutics: Debility, thirst, poisoning, burning and disease caused by vitiation of blood and cholasma. 2.9: Aguru (Aquilaria agallocha) अगुरु अगुरुप्रवरं लोहं राजार्हं योजनं तथा वंशिकं कृमिजं चापि कृमिजग्धमनार्य्यकम् ।। २० ।। अगुरूष्णं कटुत्वच्यं तिक्तं तीक्ष्णं च पित्तलम् । लघु कर्णाक्षिरोगघ्नं शीतवातकफप्रणुत् ।। २१ ।। कृष्णं गुणाधिकं तत्तु लोहवद्वारिमज्जति । अगुरुप्रभवः स्नेहः कृष्णागुरुसमः स्मृतः ।। २२ ।। Synonyms: Anāryyaka, Kṛmija, Kṛmijagdha, Lauha, Pravara, Rājāhra, Vaṅśika and Yojana. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Beneficial for skin and diseases of the eye and ear. Properties of best Agaru: Aguru having black color and dissolving in water (liker iron) is considered to best. Oil of Agaru: Properties of the oil are similar to Aguru itself. 2.10: Devadāru (Cedrus deodara) देवदारु देवदारु स्मृतं दारु भद्रदार्विन्द्रदारु च । मस्तदारु द्रुकिलिमं किलिमं सुरभू हः ।। २३ ।। देवदारु लघु स्निग्धं तिक्तोष्णं कटुपाकि च । विबन्धाध्मानशोथामतन्द्राहिक्काज्वरास्रजित् । प्रमेहपीनसश्लेष्मकासकण्डूसमीरनुत् ।। २४ ।। Synonyms: Bhadrdāru, Dāru, Drukilima, Indradāru, Killima, Mastadāru and Surabhūhaḥ. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta Therpeutics: Constipation, flatulence, edema, indigestion, lassitude, hiccough, fever, diseases of the blood, chronic rhintis, polyuria, cough and prurites. 2.11: Dhūpasarala (Pinus longifolia) धूपसरल सरलः पीतवृक्षः स्यात्तथा सुरभिदारुकः । सरलो मधुरस्तिक्तः कटुपाकरसो लघुः ।। २५ ।। स्निग्धोष्णः कर्णकण्ठाक्षिरोगरक्षोहरः स्मृतः । कफानिलस्वेददाहकासमूर्च्छाव्रणपहः ।। Synonyms: Dāruka, Pītavṛkṣa, Sarala and Surabhi. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṭu (pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Diseases of the ear and eyes, hyperhidroses, burning senation, cough, apoplexy and ulcers. 2.12: Tagara (Veleriana walliachi) तगर कालानुसार्य्य तगरं कुटिलं नहुषं नतम् । अपरं पिण्डतगरं दण्डहस्तं च बर्हिणम् ।। २७ ।। तगरद्वयमुष्णं स्यात् स्वादु स्निग्धं लघु स्मृतम् । विषापस्मारशूलाक्षिरोगदोषत्रयापहम् ।। Synonyms: Kālānusaryya, Kuṭila, Nahuṣa and Nata. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Theraputics: Poisoning, epilepsy, disease of the eye, and colic, 2.13: Padāma (Prunus puddum) पट्नकम् पट्नकं पट्नगन्धि स्यात्तया पट्नाह्वयं स्मृतम् । पट्नकं तिक्तं शीतलं वातलं लघु ।। २९ ।। विसपदाहविस्फोटकुष्ठलेष्मास्रपित्तनुत् । गर्भसंस्थापनं वृष्यं वमिव्रणतृषाप्रणुत् ।। ३० ।। Synonyms: Padmagandhi and padmāhvaya. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent). and Kaṣaya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action. Appetizer. Therapeutics: Erysipelas, burning, urticaria, skin diseases, epistaxis, vomiting, thirst and ulcer, it protects the uterus. 2.14: Guggula (Commiphora mukul) गुग्गुल गुग्गुलुर्देवधूपश्च जटायुः कौशिकः पुरः । कुम्भोलूखलकं क्लीबे महिषाक्षः पलंकषः ।। ३१ ।। महिषाक्षो महानीलः कुमुदः पट्न इत्यपि । हिरण्यः पञ्चमो ज्ञेयो गुग्गुलोः पञ्च जातयः ।। भृङ्गाञ्जनसवर्णस्तु महिषाक्ष इति स्मृतः । महानीलस्तु विज्ञेयः स्वनामसमलक्षणः ।। ३३ ।। कुमुदः कुमुदाभः स्यात् पट्नो माणिक्यसन्निभः । हिरण्याख्या (क्ष) स्तु हेमाभः पञ्चानां लिङ्गमीरितम् ।। ३४ ।। महिषाक्षो महानीलो गजेन्द्राणां हितावुभौ हायानां कुमुदः पट्नः स्वस्त्यारोग्यकरौ परौ ।। ३५ ।। विशेषेणे मनुष्याणां कनकः परिकीर्तितः । कदाचिन्महिषाक्षश्च मतः कैश्चिन्नृणामपि ।। ३६ ।। गुग्गुलुर्विशदस्तिक्तो वीर्य्योष्णः पित्तलः सरः । कषाया कटुकः पाके कटुरूक्षो लघुः परः ।। ३७ ।। भग्नसन्धानकृद्वृष्यः सूक्ष्मस्वर्यो रसायनः । दीपनः पिच्छिलो बल्यः कफवातव्रणापचीः ।। ३८ ।। मेदोमेहाश्मवातांश्च क्लेदकुष्ठाममारुतान् । पिडकाग्रन्थिशोफार्शो गण्डमालाकृमीञ्जयेत् ।। ३९ ।। माधुर्य्याच्छमयेद्वातं कषायत्वाच्च पित्तहा । तिक्तत्वात्कफजित्तेन गुग्गुलः सर्वदोषहा ।। ४० ।। स नवो बृंहणो वृष्यः पुराणसत्वतिलेखनः । स्निग्धः काञ्चनसंकाशः पक्वजम्बूफलोपमः ।। ४१ ।। नतनो गुग्गुलुः प्रोक्तः सुगन्धिर्यस्तु पिच्छिलः । शुष्को दुर्गन्धिकश्चैव त्यक्तप्रकृतिवरणैकः ।। पुराणः स तु विज्ञेयो गुग्गुलुर्वीर्य्यवर्ज्जितः । अम्लं तीक्ष्णमजीर्णं च व्यवायं श्रममातपम् । मद्यं रोषं त्यजेत्सम्यग्गुणार्थी पुरसेवकः ।। ४३ ।। Synonyms: Devadhūpa, jaṭāyu, Kauśika, Kumbha, Mahiṣākṣa, Palaṅkaṣa, pura and Ulūkhalaka. Types: 1. Mahiṣākṣa 2. Mahānīla. 3. Kumuda. 4. Padma and 5. Hiraṇya. Description of types: 1. Mahiṣākṣa: The color is black-red. 2. Mahānīla: The color is blue. 3. Kumuda: The color is white. 4. Padma: it shines like ruby. 5. Hiraṇya: The color is similar to gold. Use of five types of Guggula: 1. Mahiṣhākṣa and Mahānīla are harmful to the elephants. 2.Kumuda and Padma are useful for the hores. 3. Hiraṇya is useful for the human beings Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light), Rūkṣa and Sūkṣma (Minute). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭ Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha Action: Appetizer, laxative, tonic, spemopiotic. Therapeutics: Fractures, hoarsens of the voice, ulcers, lymphadenitis, obesity, polyuria, calculus, rhematism, carbuncle, goiter, edema, hemorrhoids and worm infestation. Fresh guggul is Snigdha, Pichila; gold like in appearance, color is similar to mature fruit of jamuna and aromatic. it improves strength and vitality. Old guggul is dry, has foul smell, and has no color and smell. it sets up emaciation. Contraindications during Guggula therapy: Sour foods, pepper, foods disturbing digestion, intercourse, hard work, sunbath, alcohol and anger. 2.15: Saralaniyasa guggula (Oleo-resin obtained from Pinus longifolia ) सरलनिर्यास गुग्गुल श्रीवासः सरलस्रावः श्रीवेष्टो (वृ) क्षर्धूपकः । श्रीवासो मधुरस्तिक्तः स्निग्धोष्णस्तुवरःसरः पित्तलो वातमूर्द्धाक्षिस्वररोगक्षया (कफः) पहः । रक्षोघ्नः स्वेददौर्गन्ध्ययकाकण्डूव्रणप्रणुत Synonyms: Saralasrāva, śrīvās, śrīveṣṭa and Vṛkṣadhūpaka. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Kaṭu (pungent). and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Laxative and antibacterial. therapeutics: Headache, diseases of the eye, hoarseness of the voice, pediculosis, pruritis and ulcer. 2.16: Rāla (Resin obtained from Shorea robusta) राल रालस्तुं शालनिर्य्यासस्तथा सर्जरसः स्मृतः । देवधूपो यक्षधूपस्तथा सर्वरसश्च सः ।। ४६ ।। रालो हिमो गुरुस्तिक्तः कषायो ग्राहको हरेत् । दोषास्रस्वेदवीसर्पज्वरव्रणविपादिकाः । ग्रहभग्नास्थिदग्धामशूलातीसारनाशनः ।। ४७ ।। Synonyms: Devadhūpa, Sanjarasa, Sarvarasa, śālaniryāsa and Yakṣadhūpa. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent). and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: Diseases of the blood, hyperhidosis, erysipelas, fever, ulcer, rhagades, skin diseases, microbial infections, fracture, burns, colic and diarrhora. 2.17: Kundaru (Gum resin obtained from Boswellia serrata) कुन्दुरुः कुन्दुरुस्तु मुकुन्दः स्यात् कुन्द इत्यपि । कुन्दुरुर्मधुरस्तिक्तस्तीक्ष्णस्त्वच्यः कटुर्हरेत् । ज्वरस्वेदग्रहालक्ष्मीमुखरोगकफानिलान् ।। ४८ ।। Synonyms: Kunda, Mukunda and Sugandha. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Kaṭu (pungent). and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Skin diseases, fever, hyperhidroses and diseases of the throat. 2.18: Sihlaka śilārasa (Liquidambar orientalis) शिलारस (सिह्लक) सिह्लकस्तु तुरुष्कः स्याद्यतो यवनदेशजः । कपितैलं स चाख्यातं तथा च कपिनामकः ।। ४९ ।। सिह्लकः कटुकः स्वादुः स्निग्धोष्णः शुक्रकान्तिकृत् । वृष्यः कण्ठयः स्वेदकुष्ठज्वरदाहग्रहापहः Synonyms: Kapitaila, Turuṣka and Yavandeśa. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Actions: Alterative, tonic and aphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Throat diseases, hyperhidroses, leprosy, fever, burning and microbial infections. 2.19: Jātiphala (Myristica officnalis) जातिफलम् जातीफलं जातिकोषं मालतीफलमित्यपि । जातीफलं रस तिक्तं तिक्तोष्णं रोचनं लघु ।। ५१ ।। कटुकं दीपनं ग्राहि स्वर्य्यं श्लेष्मानिलापहम् । निहन्ति मुखवैरस्यं मलदौर्गन्ध्यकृष्णताः । कृमिकासवमिश्वासशोषपीनसहृद्रुजः ।। ५२ ।। Synonyms: Jātikoṣa and Māltīphala. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent). and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Actions: Appetizer and astringent. Therapeutics: Thtoat diseases, hoarseness of the voice, worm infestation, hyperhidroses, cough, vomiting, asthma, consumption, rhinitis and heart ailments. 2.20: Jāvitarī (Mace obatined from Myristica officinalis) जातिपत्री जातीफलस्य त्वक् प्रोक्ता जातिपत्री भिषग्वरैः । जातिपत्री लघुः स्वादुः कटूष्णा रुचिवर्णकृत् । कफकासवमिश्वासतृष्णाकृमिविषापहा ।। ५३ ।। it is the coating of Jātīphala. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṭu (pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Actions: Appetizer and astringent. Therapeutics: Cough, ulcer, vomiting, asthma, thirst and poisoning. 2.21: Lavaṅga (Curyophyllus aromaticus) लवङ्ग लवङ्ग देवकुसुमं श्रीसंज्ञं श्रीप्रसूनकम् । लवङ्ग कटुकं तिक्तं लघु नेत्रहितं हिमम् ।। दीपनं पाचनं रुच्यं कफपित्तास्रनाशनम् । तष्णां छर्दि तथाध्मानं शूलमाशु विनाशयेत् । कासं श्वासं च हिक्कां च क्षयं क्षपयति ध्रुवम् । Synonyms: Devakusum, śrīprasūnaka and śrīsaṅgṅa. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent) Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Appetizer and digestive. Therapeutics: Diseases of the blood, thirst, vomiting, tympanites, colic, cough, asthma, hiccough and phthisis. 2.22: Sthūlelā (Amomum subulatum) स्थूलैला (पूर्वी) एला स्थूला च बहुला पृथ्वीका त्रिपुटापि च । भद्रैला बृहदेला च चन्द्रबाला च निष्कुटिः ।। ५६ ।। स्थूला च कटुका पाके रसे चानिलकृल्लघुः रूक्षोष्णा श्लेष्मपित्तास्रकण्डूश्वासतृषापहा । हृल्लासविषबस्त्यास्यशिरोरुग्वमिकासनुत् ।। ५७ ।। Synonyms: Bhaulā, Bhadrailā, Candrabālā, Niṣkuṭi, Pṛthvīkā, Sthūlā and Tripuṭā. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Diseases of the blood, Pruitis, thirst, nausea, poisoning, diseases of the urinary bladder and head, vomiting and cough. 2.23: Sūkṣmlā (Elettaria cardamomum) सूक्ष्मैला (एला गुजराती) सूक्ष्मीपकुञ्चिका तुत्था कोरङ्गी द्राविडी त्रुटिः । रसे तु कटुका शीता लघ्वी वातहरी मता । एला सूक्ष्मा कफश्वासकासार्शो मूत्रकृच्छ्रहृत ।। ५८ ।। Synonyms: Drāviḍī, Koraṅgī, Truṭi, Tutthā and Upkuñcikā. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and kapha. Therapeutics: Cough, asthma, haemorrhoids and dysuria. 2.24: Tvakpatra (Cinnamomum cassia) त्वक्पत्रम् त्वक्पत्रं वराङ्गं स्याद् भृङ्ग चोचं तथोत्कटम् । त्वचं लघूष्णं कटुकं स्वादु तिक्तं च रूक्षकम् पित्तलं कफवातघ्नं कण्ड्वामारुचिनाशनम् । हृद्वस्तिरोगवातार्शः कृमिपीनसशुक्रहृत् ।। ६० ।। Synonyms: Bhṛṅga, Coca, Utkaṭa and varaṅga. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Kaṭu (pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and kapha. It aggravates Pitta. Therapeutics: Pruritis, indigestion, anorexia, heart aliments, diseases the urinary system, hemorrhoids, worm infestation and rhinitis. 2.25: Tvak (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) दारुसिता वक्स्वाद्वी तु तनुत्वक् स्यात्तथा दारुसिता मता । उक्ता दारुसिता स्वाद्वी तिक्ता चानिलपित्तहृत् । सुरभिः शुक्रला वर्ण्या मुखशोषतृषापह ।। ६१ ।। Synonyms: Dārusitā, Svādī and Tanutvak. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Kaṭu (pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and pitta. Action: Aromatic, aphrodisiac and alterative. Therapeutics: Dryness of the mouth and thirst. 2.26: Tamālpatra (Cinnamomum tamala) तमालपत्रम् पत्रं तमालपत्रं च तथा स्यात्पत्रनामकम् । पत्रकं मधुरं किञ्चित्तीक्ष्णोष्णं पिच्छिलं लघु । निहन्ति कफवातार्शो हृल्लासारुचिपीनसान् ।। ६२ ।। Synonyms: Patra and Patravachka. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light), Tīkṣṇa and Picchila. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Hemorrhoids, heart aliments, anorexia and rhinitis. 2.27: Nāgakeśara (Mesua ferrea) नागकेशर नागपुष्पः स्मृतो नागः केसरो नागकेसरः । चाम्पेयो नागकिञ्जल्कः कथितः काञ्चनाह्वयः नागपुष्पं कषायोष्णं रूक्षं लघ्वामपाचनम् । खुडकण्डूतृषास्वेदच्छर्दिहृल्लासनाशनम् । दीर्गन्ध्यकुष्ठवीसर्पकफपित्तविषापहम् ।। ६३-६४ ।। Synonyms: Cāmpeya, Kāñcana, Nāgakiajalka and Nāgñpuṣpa. Rasa (Taste): Kṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Indigestion, fever, pruitis, thirst, hyperhidroisis, vomiting, skin diseases, erysipelas and poisoning. 2.28: Trijāta & Caturjāta त्रिजात व चातुर्जातक त्वगेलापत्रकैस्तुल्यैस्त्रिगन्धि त्रिजातकम् नागकेसरसंयुक्तं चातुर्जातकमुच्यते ।। ६५ ।। काश्मीरदेशजे क्षेत्रे कुंकुमं यद्भवेद्धितम् । सूक्ष्मकेसरमारक्तं पट्नगन्धि तदुत्तमग् ।। Synonym: Trisugandhi. Ingredients: Tvak (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), Sthūlelā (Amomum Subulatum) and Tvakpatra (Cinnamomum cassia). Guṇa (Physical property): Tīkṣṇa and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Actons: Appetizer and alterative. Therapeutics: Halithosis. 2.29: Caturjāta Ingerdients: Tvak (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), Sthūlelā (Amomum subulatum), Tvakāpatra (Cinnamomum cassia ) and Nāgakesara (Mesua ferrea). Guṇa (Physical property): Tīkṣṇa and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Actons: Appetizer and alterative. Therapeutics: Halithosis. 2.30: Ku*kuma (Crocus sativus) कुंकुम (केशर) कुंकुमं घुसृणं काश्मीरं पीतकं वरम् । संकोचं पिशुनं धीरं वाह्लीकं शोणिताभिधम् ।। काश्मीरदेशजे क्षेत्रेकुंकुमं यद्भवेद्धितम् । सूक्ष्मकेसरमारक्तं पट्नगन्धि तदुत्तमग् ।। बाह्लीकदेशसञ्जातं कुंकुमं पाण्डुरं मतम् । केतकीगन्धयुक्तं तन्मध्यनं सूक्ष्मकेसरम् ।। कुंकुमं पारसोके यन्मधुगन्धि तदीरितम् । ईषत्पाडुरवर्णं तत् ह्यधमं स्थूल केसरम् ।। कुंकुमं कटुकं स्निधं शिरोरुग्व्रणजन्तुजित् । तिक्तं वमिहरं वर्ण्यं व्यङ्गोषत्रयापहम् ।। Synonyms: Dhīra vāhlīka, Ghusṛṇa, Kāśmīr, Piśuna, Pītaka vara, Rakta and Saṅkoca. Kaśmīra it originates in Kashmīra. it is light, thin, red coloured, having smell similar to lotus. it is considered to the best. Vāhlīka: Minute, smelled similar to Ketaki (Pandanus odorattismus). Pārsīka: it is thick, resembles boney, aromatic and has slight yellowness. it is considered to be inferior. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Snigdha. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, pitta and Kapha. Action: Alterative. Therapeutics: Headache, ulcer, vomiting and cholasma. 2.31: Gorocanā (Oxgall) गोरोचना गोरोचनातुमाङ्गल्या वन्द्यागौरी च रोचना । गोरोचना हिमा तिक्ता वश्या मङ्गलकान्तिदा । विषालक्ष्मीग्रहोन्मादगर्भस्रावक्षतास्रजित् ।। ७२ ।। Synonyms: Gaurī, Maṅgalyā, Racnā and Vandyā, Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Action: Alterative. Therapeutics: Poisoning, microbial infections, miscarriage, phthisis and diseases of the blood. 2.32: Nakha Nakhī (Helix aspera) नख नखी गन्धद्रव्य नखं व्याघ्रंनखं व्याघ्रायुधंतच्चक्रकारकम् । नखं स्वल्पं नखी प्रोक्ता हनुर्हट्टविलासिनी ।। ७३ ।। नखद्वयं ग्रहश्लष्मवातास्रज्वरकुष्ठनुत् । लघूष्णं शुक्रलं वर्ण्यं स्वादु व्रणविषापहम् ।। ७४ ।। Synonyms: Cakrakāraka, Nakha, Vyāghranakha and Vyāghrāyudha. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Alterative. Therapeutics: Microbial infections, diseases caused by blood, fever, leprosy, ulcer, poisoning and halitosis. 2.33: Nakha This is small variety. Synonyms: Haṭṭvailāsinī and Nakhī, Hanu. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Alterative. Therapeutics: Microbial infections, diseases caused by blood, fever, leprosy, ulcer, poisoning and halitosis. 2.34: Sugandhabālā (Pavonia odorata) सुगन्धबाला बालं ह्रीबेरवर्हिष्ठोदोच्यं केशाम्बुनाम च । बालकं शीतलं रूक्षं लघुदीपनपाचनम् । हृल्लासारुचिवीसर्पह्रद्रोगामातिसारजित् ।। ७४ ।। Synonyms: Bāla, Hrīvera, Jalvācaka, Keśa, Udīcya and Varhiṣhṭha. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Action: Appetizer and digestive. Therapeutics: Anorexia, erysipelas, heart aliments and nervous diarrhoea. 2.35 Vīraṇam (Andropogon muricatus) वीरणम् स्याद्वीरणं वीरतरुर्वीरं च बहुमूलकम् । वीरणं पाचनं शीतं स्तम्भनं लघु तिक्तकम् ।। ७५ ।। मधुरं ज्वरनुद्वांतिमदजित्कफपित्तहृत् । कृष्णास्रविषवीसर्पकॉच्छ्रदाहव्रणापहम् ।। ७६ ।। Synonyms: Bahumūlaka, Vīra and Vīrataru. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Kaṭu (pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer and digestive. Therapeutics: Fever, Vomiting, alcoholism, thirst, diseases of the blood, poisoning, erysipelas, burning, dysuria and ulcers. 2.36: Uśīra (Veriver zizanioides) उशीरम् वीरणस्य तु मूलं स्यादुशीरं नलदं च तत् । अमृणालं च सेव्यं च समगन्धकमित्यपि ।। ७७ ।। उशीरं पाचनं शीतं स्तम्भनं लघु तिक्तकम् । मधुरं ज्वरहृद्वांतिमदजित्कफपित्तनुत् । तृष्णास्रविषवीसर्पदाहकृच्छ्रव्रणापहम् ।। ७८ ।। It is root of vīraṇam (Andropogan muricatus). Synonyms: Amṛṇāla, Jalada, Samagandhaka and Sevya. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Digestive. Therapeutics: Fever, vomiting, alcoholism, thirst, diseases of the blood, poisoning, erysipelas, burning, dysuria and ulcers. 2.37: Jaṭāmā*sī (Nardostachys jatamansi) जटामांसी जटामांसी भूतजटा जटिला च तपस्विनी । मांसी तिक्ता कषाया च मेध्या कान्तिबलप्रदा । स्वाद्वी हिमा त्रिदोस्रदाहवीसर्पकुष्ठनुत् ।। ७९ ।। Synonyms: Bhūtajaṭā, Jaṭilā and Tapasvinī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Nootropic and alterative. Therapeutics: Diseases of the blood, burning, erysipelas and skin diseases. 2.38: Shaileya (Parmelia perlata) शैलेयम् (भूरिछरीला) शैलेयं तु शिलापुष्पं वृद्धं कालानुसार्य्यकम् । शैलेयं शीतलं हृद्यं कफपित्तहरं लघु । कण्डुकुष्ठाश्मरीदाहविषहृल्लासरक्तजित् ।। ८० ।। Synonyms: Kālānusāryaka, śilāpuṣpa and Vṛdha. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Cardiac tonic. Therapeutics: Prurites, leprosy, calculus, burning, porsoning and bleeding hemorrhoids. 2.39: Mustaka (Cyperus rotundus) मुस्तकम् (नागरमोथा) मुस्कं न स्त्रियां मुस्तं त्रिषु वारिदनामकम् । कुरुविन्दोsपरो भद्रमुस्तो नागरमुस्तकः ।। ८१ ।। मुस्तं हिमं कटु ग्राहि तिक्तं दीपपाचनम् । कषायं कफपित्तास्रतृड्ज्वरारुचिजन्तुजित् ।। ८२ ।। अनूपदेशे यज्जातं मुस्तकं तत् प्रशस्येत् । तत्रापि मुनिभिः प्रोक्तं वरं नागरमुस्तकम् ।। ८३ ।। Synonyms: Baleya, Musta, Tripu and Vāri. Types: Bhadramusta, Gundra, Krora, Kṣeruka, Kurubinda and Nagarmustaka. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent), Tikta (Bitter) and Kṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Astringent, appetizer, digestive and anthelmintic. Therapeutics: Diseases of the blood, thirst, fever, anorexia and worm festation. Mothā which originates in hydrophytic habitat is the best. 2.40: Karcūra (Curcuma zedoaria) कर्चूर कर्चूरो वेधमुख्यश्च द्राविडःकाल्पिकः शटी । कर्चूरो दीपनो रुच्यः कटुकस्तिक्त एच च ।। ८४ ।। सुगन्धिः कटुपाकः स्यात्कुष्ठार्शोव्रणकासनुत् । उष्णो लघुर्हरेच्छरासगुल्मवातकफक्रिमीन् ।। Synonums: Draviḍa, Kālpika, śaṭī and Vedhamukha. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Aromatic and Appetizer. Therapeutics: Leprosy, hemorrhoids, ulcer, cough, abdominal tumor and worm infestation. 2.41: Murā (Helicteres isora?) मरा मरा गन्धकुटी दैत्या सुरभिश्शालपर्णिका । मुरातिक्ता हिमा स्वाद्वो लघ्वी पित्तानिलापहा । ज्वरासृग्भूतरक्षोघ्नी कुष्ठकासविनाशशिनी ।। Synonyms: Daitya, Gandakuṭī, śālaparṇikā and Surabhi. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṭu (pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Therapeutics: Diseases of the blood, feve, microbial infections, leprosy and cough. 2.42: Gandhapalākī (Hedychium spicatum) गन्धपलाशी शठी पलाशी षड्ग्रन्था सुव्रता गन्धमूलिका । गन्धारिका गन्धवपुर्वधूः पृथुपलाशिका ।। ८७ । भवेद्गन्धपलाशी तु कषाया ग्राहिणी लघुः । तिक्ता तीक्ष्णा च कटुकानुष्णास्यमलनाशिनी । शोथकासव्रणश्वासशूलहिध्मग्रहापहा ।। ८८ ।। Synonyms: Gandhārikā, Gandhamūlikā, Gandhavapuradhu, Palāśī, Pṛathupalāśikā, ṣaḍgranthā and Suvrata. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent), Tikta (Bitter) and Kṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Tīkṣaṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu Pungent). Therapeutics: Microbial infections, oedima, cough, ulcer, asthma, colic and asthma. 2.43.1: Priyaṅgu (Callicarpa macrophylla) प्रियंगु व गन्धिप्रियंगु प्रियंगुः फलिनी कान्ता लता च महिलाह्वया । मुन्द्रा गन्धफलीश्यामा विष्वक्सेनाङ्गनाप्रिया । प्रियंगुः शीतला तिक्ता तुवरानिलपित्तहृत् । रक्तातीसारदौर्गन्ध्यस्वेददाहज्वरापहा ।। ९० ।। गुल्मतृड्विषमेहघ्नी तद्वद्गन्धप्रियंगुका । तत्फलं मधुरं रूक्षं कषायं शीतलं गुरु । विबन्धाध्मानबलकृत् संग्राहि कफपित्तजित् ।। ९१ ।। Synonyms: Aṅganāpriyā, Gandhaphala, Kāntā, Latā, Phalinī, śyāmā and Viṣvaksenā. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent) and Kṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Tīkṣaṇa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Therapeutics: Bloody diarrhoea, hyperhidrosis, burning, fever, abdominal tumor, thirst, poisoning and polyuria. 2.43.2: Flower of Priyaṅgu Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent) and Kṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Tīkṣaṇa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Therapeutics: Bloody diarrhoea, hyperhidrosis, burning, fever, abdominal tumor, thirst, poisoning and polyuria. 2.43.3: Fruit of Priyaṅgu Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent) and Kṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta. Action: Astrigent and tonic. Therapeutics: Constipations and tympanites. 2.44: Reṇukā (Vitex agnus castus) रेणुका रेणुका राजपुत्री च नन्दिनी कपिला द्विजा भस्मगन्धा पाण्डुपुत्री स्मृता कौन्ती हरेणुका ।। ९२ ।। रेणुका कटुका पाके तिक्तानुज्णा कटुर्लघुः । पित्तला दीपनी मेध्या पाचनी गर्भपातिनी । बलासवातकृच्चैव तृट्कण्डुविज़दाहनुत् ।। ९३ ।। Synonyms: Bhasmagandhā, Dvijā, Hareuṇkā, Kapilā, Kauntī, Nandinī, Pāṇḍuputrī and Rājaputrī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Slightly hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Aggravates Pitta. Action: Digestive, aborifacient and nootropic. Therapeutics: Thirst, pruritis and poisoning. 2.45: Granthiparṇa (Polgonum aviculare?) ग्रन्थिपर्ण (गठिवन) ग्रन्थिपर्ण ग्रन्थिकं च काकपुच्छं च गुत्थकम् । नीलपुष्पं सुगन्धञ्च कथितं तैलपर्णिकम् ।। ९४ ।। ग्रन्थिपर्ण तिक्ततीक्ष्णं कटुष्णं दीपनं लघु । कफवातविषश्वासकंडूदौर्गन्ध्यनाशनम् ।। ९५ ।। Synonyms: Granthika, Guchaka, Kākapucha, Nilpushpa, Sugandha and Tailparnika. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Tīkṣaṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer and deodorand. Therapeutics: Poisoning, asthma and pruritis 2.46: Srhoṇeyaka स्थौणेयक (थुनेर) स्थौणेंयकं बर्हिबर्हं शुकबर्हंच कुक्कुरम् । शीर्णरीम शुकं चापि शुकपुष्पं शुकच्छदम् ।। ९६ ।। स्थौणेयकं कटु स्वादु तिक्तं स्निग्धं त्रिदोषनुत् । मेधाशुक्रकररुच्यं रक्षोsश्रीज्वरजन्तुजित् । हन्ति कुष्ठास्रतृड्दाहदौर्गन्ध्ययतिलकालकान् ।। ९७ ।। Synonyms: Barhibarha, śīrṇaroma, śuka, śukacchada, śukapuṣpa and śukabarha. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer and deodorand. Therapeutics: Poisoning, asthma and pruritis 2.47: Granthiparṇa bheda (Angelica glauca?) ग्रंथिपर्णभेद (निशाचर) निशाचरो धनहरः कितवो गणहासकः रोचकःशङ्कितश्चण्डो दुष्पत्रः क्षेमको रिपुः ।। ९८ ।। रोचको मधुरस्तिक्तः कटुः पाके कटुर्लघुः । तीक्ष्णे हृद्यो हिमो हन्ति कुष्ठकण्डूकफानिलान् । रक्षोsश्रीस्वेदमेदोस्रज्वरगन्धविषव्रणान् ।। ९९ ।। Synonyms: Dhanahara, Gaṇahāsaka, Kitava and Niśācara. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Tīkṣaṇa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Cardiac tonic. Therapeutics: Leprosy, pruitis, microbial infections, hyperhidrosis, obesity, diseases of the blood, fever, foul smell poisoning and ulcer. 2.48: Tālīsapatra (Abies webbiana) तालीसपत्र तालीसमुक्तं पत्राढ्यं क्षात्रीपत्रं च तत्स्मृतम् । तालीसं लघु तीक्ष्णोष्णं श्वासकासककफनिलान् । निहन्त्यरुचिगुल्मामवह्रिमान्द्यक्षयामयान् । Synonyms: Dhātrīpatra and patrāḍhya. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Tīkṣaṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Anorexia, abdominal tumor, indigestion, loss of appetite and phthisis. 2.49: Kaṅkola (Piper cubeba) कक्कोलम् कक्कोलं कोलकं प्रोक्तं तथा कोषफलं स्मृतम् । कक्कोलं लघु तीक्ष्णोष्णं तिक्तं हृद्यं रुचिप्रदम् । रुचिप्रदम् । आस्यदौर्गन्ध्यहृद्रोगकफवातामयान्ध्यहृत् ।। १०१ ।। Synonyms: Kakkola, Kolaka and Koṣaphala. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Tīkṣaṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Cardiac dieases and night blindness. 2.50: Gandhakokilā and Gandhamālatī (Agnasoma caryophyllata?) गन्धकोकिला, गन्धमालती स्निग्धोष्णा कफहृत्तिक्ता सुगन्धा गन्धकोकिला । गन्धकोकिलया तुल्या विज्ञेया गन्धमालती ।। १०२ ।। Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Aromatic. Note: Both drugs are of controversial origin. 2.51: Lāmajjaka (Andropogon jwarancusa?) लामज्जक लामज्जकं लुनागं स्यादमृणांल लयं लघु । इष्टकापथिकं सेव्यं दलदं चावदातकम् ।। १०३ ।। लामज्जकं हिमं तिक्तं लघु दोषत्रयास्रजित् । त्वगामयस्वेदकृच्छ्रदाहपित्तास्ररोगनुत् ।। १०४ ।। Synonyms: Amṛṇāla, Avdātaka, Iṣṭakāpathika, Laghu, Nalada, Sevya and Sunāga. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Diseases of the blood, hyperhidrosis, dysuria, burning and epistaxis. 2.52: Elavaluka* एलवालुक एलवालुकमैलेयं सुगन्धि हरिवालुकम् । ऐलवालुकमेलालु कपित्थफलमीरितम् ।। १०५ ।। एल्वालुकटुकं पाके कषायं शीतलं लघु । हन्ति कण्डूव्रणच्दर्छितृट्कासारुचिहृद्रुजः । बलासविषपित्तस्रकुष्ठमूत्रगदक्रिमीन् ।। १०६ ।। Synonyms: Elavālu, Eleya, Harivāluka, Kapitthaphala and Sugandhi. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Pruritis, ulcer, vomiting, thierst, cough, anorexia, heart ailments, diseases of the blood, leprosy, dysuria and worm infestation. Note: Drug of controversial origin. 2.53: Kaivarttī Mustaka कैवर्त्ती मुस्तकम् कुटन्नटं दासपुरं बालेयं परिपेलवम् । प्लवगोपुरगोनर्दकैवर्त्तीमुस्तकानि च ।। १०७ ।। मुस्तावत्पेलवपुरं शुक्राभं स्याद्वितुन्नकम् । वितुन्नकं हिमं तिक्तं कषायं कटु कान्तिदम् । कफपित्तास्रवीसर्पकुष्ठकण्डूविषप्रणुत् ।। १०८ ।। Synonyms: Bāleya, Dāsapura, Gonarda, Gopura, Kutanraṭa, Paripelava and Plava. Description of Kavarttī Mustaka: it is similar to Mothā (Cyperus rotundus), small, having delicate leaves and white coloured. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent) and Kṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Alterative. Therapeutics: Pruritis, skin diseases, erysipelas and poisoning. 2.54: Spṛkkā* (Melilotus officinalis) स्पृक्का सुगन्धि द्रव्य शाक विशेषः स्पृक्काsसृक् ब्राह्नणी देवी मरुन्माला लता लघुः । समुद्रान्ता वधूः कोटिवर्षालंकोपिकेत्यपि ।। स्पृक्कास्वद्वी हिमा वृष्या तिक्ता निखिलदोषनुत् । कुष्ठकण्डूविषस्वेददाहास्रज्वररक्तहृत् ।। Synonyms: Ala*kolika, Asrk, Brāhamaṇī, Devī, Koṭivarṣā, Laghu, Latā, Marunmālā, Samudrāntā and Vadhū. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Tikta (Bitter). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Action: Spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Leprosy, Pruritis, poisoning, hyperhidrosis, burning, blood diseases and fever. Note: Drug of controversial origin. 2.55: Parpaṭī पर्पटी पर्पटी रंजना कृष्णा जतुका जननी जनी । जतुकृष्णाग्निसंस्पर्शा जतुकच्चक्रवर्तिनी ।। १११ ।। पर्पटी तुवरा तिक्ता शिशिरा वर्णकृल्लघुः । विषव्रणहरी कण्डूकफपित्तास्रकुष्ठनुत् ।। ११२ ।। Synonyms: Agnisa*sparaśā, Cakravartinī, Jananī, Janī, Jatukā, Jatukṛṣṇā, Jatukṛta, Kṛṣṇā and Raṅjanā. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (pungent) and Kṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Alterative. Therapeutics: Poisoning, Ulcer, blood diseases and skin diseases. 2.56: Nalikā (Hibiscus cannabinus) नलिका नलिका विद्रुमलता कपोतचरणा नटी धमन्यञ्जनकेशी च निर्मथ्या सुषिरा नली ।। ११३ ।। नलिका शीतला लध्वी चक्षुष्या कफपित्तहृत् । कृच्छ्रश्मवाततृष्णास्रकुष्ठकण्डुज्वरापहा ।। ११४ ।। Synonyms: Añjanankeśī, Dhamanī, Kapotacaraṇā, Nalī, Naṭī, Nimarthyā, Suṣirā and Vidrumalatā. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: PacifiesVāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Eye diseases, dysuria, calculus, blood diseases, leprosy and fever. 2.57: Prapauṇdarīka प्रपौण्डरीकम् प्रप्रौण्डरीकं प्रौण्डर्य्यं चक्षुष्यं पौण्डरीयकम् । पौण्डर्य्यं मधुरं तिक्तं कषायं शुक्रलं हिमम् । चक्षुष्यं मधुरं पाके वर्ण्यं पित्तकफप्रणुत् ।। ११५ ।। Synonyms: Cakṣuṣya, prapauṇḍrīka and Pauṇḍanīyaka. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Kaṭu (pungent) and Kṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac and alterative. Therapeutics: Eye diseases. 2.58: Pudīnā (Mentha sylvestris) पुदिनानामानि व्यञ्जनो वान्तिहारी च रुचिश्यः शाकशोभनः । पुदिनस्तु गुरुः स्वादू रुच्यो हृद्यः सुखावहः ।। ११६ ।। मूलमूत्रस्तम्भकर कफकासमदापहः । अग्निमान्द्यविषूचिघ्नः संग्रहण्यतिसारहा । जीर्णज्वरंकृमींश्चैव नाशयेदिति कीर्तितम् ।। ११७ ।। Synonyms: Ruciśya, śākaśobhana, Vānthārī and Vyañjana. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Actions: Appetizer and cardiac tonic. Therapeutics: Cough, alcoholism, dyspepsia, cholera, malabsorption, diarrhoea, chronic fevers and worm infestation. Guḍucyādi Varga 3.1: Guḍūcī (Tinospora cordifolia) गुडूच्यादिवर्गः गूडूची यदा लंकेश्वरो मानी रावणो राक्षसाधिपः । रामपत्नीं वनात्सीतां जहार मदनातुरः ।। १ ।। ततस्तं बलवान् रामो रिपुजायापहारिणम् । वृतो वानरसैन्येन जघान रणमूर्द्धनि ।। २ ।। हते तस्मिन् सुरारातौ रावणे बलगर्विते देवराजः सहस्रक्षः परितुष्टो हि राघवे ।। ३ ।। तत्र ये वानराः केचिद् राक्षसैर्निहता रणे । तानिन्द्रो जीवयामास संसिच्यामृतवृष्टिभिः ।। ४ ।। ततो येषु प्रदेशेषु कपिगात्रात्पचरियुताः । पीयूषबिन्दवः पेतुस्तेभ्यो जाजा गूडूचिका ।। ५ ।। गुडची मधुपर्णी स्यादमृतामृतवल्लरी । छिन्ना छिन्नरुहा छिन्नाद्भवा वत्सादनीति च ।। ६ ।। जीवंतीतंत्रिका सोमासोमवल्ली च कुण्डली । चक्रलक्षणिका धारा विशल्या च रसायनी ।। ७ ।। चन्द्रहासा वयस्या च मण्डली देवनिर्मिता । गूडूची कटुका तिक्ता स्वादुपाका रसायनी ।। ८ ।। संग्राहिणी कषायोष्णा लघ्वी बल्याग्निदीपनी । दोषत्रयामतृड्दाहमेहकासांश्च पाण्डुताम् । कामलाकुष्ठवातास्रज्वरकृमिवमीर्हरेत् ।। ९ ।। Origin: Lord Rama won the battle against Lonka King, Rāvaṇa (Who has captured Sita) with help of vānarās. Lord Indra then resulted in rain of nectar. The vānarās. whom were killed by the demons, were rendered alive by the nectar. The part of the earth which came in contact with nectar falling from vanaras body resulted in the origin of Amṛta or Guḍūcī. Synonyms: Amṛta, Amṛtvallarī, Candrahasi, Cakralakṣikā, Chinnā, Chinnodbhavā, Chinnruhā, Devanirmitā, Dhira, Jivantī, Kuṇḍlī, Madhuparṇī, Maṇḍalī, Rasāyanī, Soma, Somvallī, Tantrikā, Vatsadini, Viśalyā and Vayasthā. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent), Tikta (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Tonic and astringent. Therapeutics: Indigestion, thirst, polyuria, cough, anemia, jaundice, skin diseases, gout, fever, worm infestation, vomiting, asthma, hemarrhoids, dysuria and heart ailments. 3.2: Nāgavallī (Piper betle) नागवल्ली (पान) ताम्बूलवल्ली ताम्बूली नागिनी नागवल्लरी । ताम्बूलं विशदं रुच्यं तीक्ष्णोष्णं तुवरं सरम् ।। १० ।। बल्यं तिक्तं कटु क्षारं रक्तपित्तकरं लघु । बल्यं श्लेष्मास्यदौर्गन्ध्यमलवातश्रमापहम् ।। ११ ।। Synonyms: Nagavallarī, Nāginī, Tāmbūlī and Tāmbūlavallī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light), Tīkṣṇa and Viśada. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action (s): Apperizer, alkaline and tonic. Therapeutics: Halitosis and debility. Note: It causes epistaxis. 3.3: Bilva or Bela (Aegle marmelos) बिल्वः बिल्वः शाण्डिल्यशैलूषौ मालूरश्रीफलावपि । गन्धगर्भः शलाटुश्च कण्टकी च सदाफलः ।। १२ ।। श्रीफलस्तुवरस्तिक्तोग्रहीरूक्षाsग्निपित्तकृत् । वातश्लेष्मरोबल्यो लघुरुष्णश्च पाचनः ।। १३ ।। Synonyms: Gandhagarbha, Kaṇṭakī, Mālūra, Sadāphala, śalāṭu, Saliūṣā, śāṇḍilya and śrīphala. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Action (s): Appetizer, digestive and astringent. 3.4.1: Gambhārī (Gmelina arborea) 14-16 गम्भारी गंभारीभद्रपर्णी च श्रीपर्णी मधुपर्णिका । काश्मीरी काश्मीरी हीरा काश्मर्यः पीतरोहिणी ।। १४ ।। कृष्णवृन्ता मधुरसा महाकुसुमिकापि च । काश्मरी तुवरा तिक्त वीर्योष्णा मधुरा गुरुः ।। १५ ।। दीपनी पाचनी मेध्या भेदनी भ्रमशोथचित् । दोषतृष्णामशूलार्शो विषदाहज्वरापहा ।। १६ ।। तत्फलं बृंहणं वृष्यं गुरु केश्यं रसायनम् । वातपित्ततृषारक्तक्षयमूत्रवबन्धनुत् ।। १७ ।। स्वादु पाके हिमं स्निग्धं तुवराम्लं विशुद्धिकृत् । हन्याद्दाहतृषावातरक्तपित्तक्षतक्षयान् ।। १८ ।। Synonyms: Bhadraparṇī, Hīrā, Kāśmarya, Kāśmīrī, Kṛīṣṇavṛntā, Madhuparṇikā, Madhurasā, Mahākusumikā, Pītrohiṇī and Srīparṇī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action (s): Appetizer, digestive, nootropic and laxative. Therapeutics: Vertigo, debility, thirst, indigestion, colic, hemorrhoids, poisoning, burning and fever. 3.42.2: Fruit of Gambhārī Rasa (Taste): Amla (Sour) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and (Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action (s): Anabolic, aphrodisiac and tonic. Therapeutics: Burning, thirst, epistaxis and phthisis. 3.5.1: Pāṭalā (Stereospermum suaveolens) पाटला पाटली पाटलामोघा मधुदूती फलेरुहा । कृष्णवृन्ता कुवेराक्षी काचस्थाल्यलिवल्लभा ।। १९ ।। ताम्रपुष्पी च कथिता परा स्यात्पाटला सिता । मुष्कको मोक्षको मोक्षकोघण्टा पाटलिः काष्ठपाटला ।। २० ।। पाटला तुवरा तिक्तानुष्णा दोषत्रयापहा । अरुचिश्वासशोथार्शश्छर्दिहिक्कातृषाहरी ।। २१ ।। पुष्पं कषायं मधुरंहिमं हृद्यं कफास्रनुत् । पित्तातिसारहृत्कण्ठ्यं फलं हिक्कास्रपित्तहृत् ।। २२ ।। Synonyms: Alivallabhā, Amoghā, Kācsthāli, Kṛiaṣṇavṛantā, Kuberākṣī, Madhudūtī, Phaleruhā and Tāmrapuṣī. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uuṣṇā. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Anorexia, asthma, edema, vomiting, hiccough and thirst. 3.5.2: White variety of Pāṭalā (Stereospermum chelonoides) synonyms: Ghaṇṭāpāṭli, Kalstahali, Kāṣṭhapātalā, Kācasthāli, Moskṣaka and Muṣkaka. 3.5.3: Flower of paṭala Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Bilious diarrhoea and throat diseases. 3.5.4: Fruit of Paṭala Therapeutics: Hiccough and epistaxis. 3.6: Agnima*tha (Premna integrifolia) अग्निमंथ अग्निमन्थो जयः सस्यात् श्रीपर्णी गणिकारिका । जया जयन्ती तर्कारीनादेयी वैजयन्तिका ।। २३ ।। अग्निमन्थः श्वयथुनुद्वीर्योष्णः कफवातहृत् । पांडुनुत् कटुकस्तिक्तस्तुवरो मधुरोsग्निनदः ।। २४ ।। Synonyms: Gaṇikārikā, Jayā, Jayantī, Nādeyī, śrīparṇī, Tarkārī and Vaijayantikā, Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Kaṭu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: O Edema and enemia. 3.7.1: Syonāka (Oroxylum indicum) श्योनाकः श्योनाकः शोषणश्च स्यान्नटकट्वङ्गटुंटुकः । मण्डूकपर्णपत्रोर्णशुकनाशकटुंनटाः ।। २५ ।। दीर्घवृन्तोsरलुश्चापि पृथुशिम्बःकटम्भरः । स्योनाको दीपनः पाके कटुकस्तुवरो हिमः ।। २६ ।। ग्राही तिक्तोsनिलश्लेष्मपित्तकासामनाशनः । टुण्टुकस्य फलं बालं रूक्षं वातकफापहम ।। २७ ।। हृद्यं कषायं मधुर रोचनं लघु दीपनम् । गुल्मार्शः कृमिहृत्प्रौढं गुरुवातप्रकोपणम् ।। २८ ।। Synonyms: Aralu, Dīrghavṛntā, Kaṭambhara, Kaṭvaṅga, Kuṭu*naṭā, Maṇḍūkaparṇa, Naṭa, Patroṇa, Pṛtthuśimba, śoṣaṇa, śukanāsā and Tu*ṭuka. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer and astringent. Therapeutics: Cough. 3.7.2: Unripe fruir of Syonāka Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer and cartiac tonic. Therapeutics: Cough. 3.7.3: Ripe fruit of Syonāka Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta. Therapeutics: Abdominal tumor, hemorroids and cough. Bṛhatpañcamūla बृहत्पञ्चमूल के लक्षण व गुण श्रीफलःसर्वतोभद्रा पाटलागणिकारिका । स्योनाकः पञ्चभिश्चैतैः पञ्चमूलं महन्मतम् ।। २९ ।। पञ्चमूलं महत्तिक्तं कषायंकफवातनुत् । मधुरं श्वासकासघ्नमुष्णं लघ्वग्निदीपनम् ।। ३० ।। Ingredients: Bela (Aegle marmelos), Gambhārī (Gmelina arborea), Paṭala (Stereospermum suaveolens), Agnimantha (Premna integrifolia) and Syonaka (Oroxylum indicum). Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Asthma and cough. 3.8: śālparṇī (Desmodium gangeticum) शालपर्णी शालपर्णी स्थिरासौम्या त्रिपर्णी पीवरी गुहा । विदारिगन्धादीर्घांङ्गदी र्घपत्रांsशुमत्यपि ।। ३१ ।। शालपर्णी गुरुश्छर्दिज्वरश्वासातिसारजित् । शोषदोषत्रयहरी बृंहण्युक्ता रसायनी । तिक्ता बिषहरी स्वादुः क्षतकासकृमिप्रणुत् ।। ३२ ।। Synonyms: A*śumatī, Dīghagni, Dīrghapatrā, Guhā, Vīvarī, Saumyā, Sthirā, Triparṇī and Vidārigandhā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Anabolic and tonic. Therapeutics: Vomiting, fever, asthma, diarrhoea, consumption, poisoning, cough and worm infestation. 3.9: Pṛṣhanparni (Uraria picta) पृश्निपर्णी पृश्निपर्णी पृथक्पर्णी चित्रपर्ण्यहिंपर्ण्यपि । क्रोष्टुविन्ना सिंहपुच्छी कलशी धावनि गुहा ।। ३३ ।। पृश्निपर्णी त्रिदोषघ्नी वृष्योष्णा मधुराsसरा । हन्ति दाहज्वरश्वासरक्तातीसारतृड्वमीः ।। ३४ ।। Synonyms: Ahiparni, Citraparṇī, Dhāvanī, Kalasī, Kroṣṭuvinna, Pṛithakparṇīm and Si*hapucchī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Astringent and aphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Burning, fever, asthma, bloody diarrhoea, thirst and vomiting. 3.10: Vārtākī (Solanum indicum) वार्ताकी व कण्टकारी वार्ताकी क्षुद्रभण्टाकी महती बृहती कुली । हिङगुली राष्ट्रिका सिंही महोष्ट्री दुष्प्रधर्षणी ।। ३५ ।। बृहती ग्राहिणी हृद्या षाचनी कफवातहृत् । कटुतिक्ताssस्यवैरस्यमलारोचकनाशिनी । उष्णाकुष्ठज्बरश्चासशूलकासाग्निमान्द्यजित् ।। ३६ ।। Synonyms: Bṛhatī, Duṣhpradarshmi, Hingulī, Kṣudrabhaṇṭākī, Kulī, Mahatī, Mahoṣṭī, and Si*hī Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Astringent and digestive. Therapeutics: Anorexia, skin diseases, fever, asthma, colic, cough and dyspepsia. 3.11.1: Kantkari (Solanum xanthocarpum) कण्टकारी (कटेरी) कण्टकारी तु दुःस्पर्शा क्षुद्राव्याघ्रीनिदिग्धिका । कण्टारिका कण्टकिनी धावनीबृहती तथा ।। ३७ ।। क्षुद्रायां क्षुद्रभण्टाक्यां बृहतोति निगद्यते । श्वेता क्षुद्रा चन्द्रहासा लक्ष्मणा क्षुद्र दूतिका ।। ३८ ।। गर्भदा चन्द्रमाचन्द्री चन्द्रपुष्पा प्रियंकारी । कण्टकाीरी सरा तिक्ता कटुकादीपनी लघुः ।। ३९ ।। रूक्षोष्णा पाचनी कासश्वासज्वरकफानिलान् । निहन्ति पीनसं पार्श्वपीडाकृमिहृदयामयान् ।। तयोः फलं कटुं रसे पाके च कटुकं भवेत् । शुक्रस्य रेचनं भेदि तिक्तं पित्ताग्निकृल्लघु ।। ४० ।। हन्यात्कफम रुत्कण्डूकासमेदः कृमिज्वरान् । तद्वत्प्रौता सिताक्षुद्रा विशेषाद्गर्भकारिणी ।। ४१ ।। Synonyms: Bṛatī, Dhāvanī, Duḥsparśa, Kaṇṭakinī, Kaṇṭakārikā, Kṣudrā, Nidigidhkāa and Vyāghrī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer and digestive. Therapeutics: Cough, asthma, fever, coryza, pleurisy, worm infestation and heart ailments. 3.11.2: White variety of Kaṇṭārī Synonyms: Candrī, Candrmā, Candrapuṣpā, Garbdaa, Kṣtrdūtikā, Kṣudrā, Lasṣmaṇā, Priyaṅkārī and śvetā. It resembles with Kaṇṭkārī (Solanum xanthocarpum) in Rasa, guṇa, virya, effect on Tridoṣa, action and therapeutics. It especially helps in conception. 3.11.3: Fruit of Kaṇṭakārī and White variety of Kaṇṭakārī Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. It aggravates Pitta. Action: Laxative and digestive. Therapeutics: Pruritis, cough, obesity, worm infestation and fever. 3.12: Gokṣura (Tribulus terrestris) गोक्षुर गोक्षुरः क्षुरकोsपिस्यात्त्रिकण्टः स्वादुकण्टकः । गोकण्टकोभक्षटंकोवनश्रृङ्गाट इत्यपि ।। ४२ ।। पलंकषा श्वदंष्ट्रा च तथा स्यादिक्षुगन्धिका । गोक्षुरः शीतलः स्वादुर्बलकृद्धस्तिशोधनः ।। ४३ ।। मधुरो दीपनो वृष्यः पुष्टिश्दचाश्मरीहरः । प्रमेहश्वासकासार्शः कृच्छ्रहृद्रोगवातनुत् ।। ४४ ।। Synonyms: Bhakṣtaka, Gokaṇṭaka, Ikṣugandhikā, Kṣuraka, Pala*kaṣā, śvadra*aṣṭrā, Svādukaṇṭaka, Trikaṇṭaka and vanaṣrngāṭa. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action: Appetizer, aphrodisiac and tonic. Therapeutics: Calculus, Polyuria, asthmas, caugh, hemorrhoids, dysuria and deart aliments. 3.13: Laghupañcamūla लघुपंचमूल के लक्षण व गुण शालपर्णी पृश्निपर्णी वार्ताकीकण्टकारिका । गोक्षुरः पञ्चभिश्चैतैः कनिष्ठं पञ्चमूलकम् ।। ४५ ।। पञ्चमलंलघुस्वादुबल्यंपित्तानिलापहम् । नात्युष्णं बृंहणं ग्राहि ज्वरश्वासाश्मरीप्रणुत् ।। ४६ ।। Ingredients: śālaparṇī (Desmodium gangeticum), Pṛsniparṇī (Uraria Picta), Vārtākī (Solanum indicum), Kaṇṭakārī (Solanum xanthocarpum) and Gokṣura (Trebulus terrestris). Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Anabolic and astringent. Therapeutics: Fever, asthma and calculus. 3.14: Daśamūla दशमूल के लक्षण व गुण उभाभ्यां पञ्चमूलाभ्यां दशमूलमुदाहृतम् । दशमूलं त्रिदोषघ्नं श्वासकासशिरोरुजः । तन्द्राशोथज्वरानाहपार्श्वपीडारुचीर्हरेत् ।। ४७ ।। Ingredients: Bela (Aegle marmelos), Gambhārī (Gmelina arborea), Paṭala (Stereospermum suaveolens), Agimantha (Premna intergrifolia), Syonaka (Oroxylum indicum), śālaparṇī (Desmodium gangeticum), Pṛśniparṇī (Uraria picta), Vāriakī (Solanum indicum), Kaṇṭakārī (Solanum xanthocarpum) and Gokṣura (Trebulus terrestris). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Asthma, cough, headache, lethargy, edema, fever, tympanites, pleurisy and anorexia and calculus. 3.15: Jīvantī (Leptadenia reticulata) जीवन्ती जीवन्ती जीवनी जीवनीयामधुस्रवा । माङ्गल्यनपामधेया च शाकश्रेष्ठा पयस्विनी ।। ४८ ।। जीवनी शीतला स्वादुः स्निग्धा स्निग्धा दोषत्रयापहा । रसायनी बलकरी चक्षुष्याग्राहिणी लघुः ।। ४९ ।। It is a twiner and has flowera with agreeable taste. Synonyms: Jīvā, Jīvanī, Jīvanīya, Madhusrvā, Māṅgalyanapāmadheyā, payasvini and śākaśresṣṭhā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Tonic and astringent. Therapeutics: Eye ailments. Drug of controversial origin. 3.16: Madgaparṇī (Phaseolus trilobus) मुदगपर्णी मुद्गपर्णी काकपर्णी शूर्पपर्ण्यल्पिका सहा । काकमुद्गा च सा प्रोक्तातथामार्जारगन्धिका ।। ५० ।। मुद्गपर्णी हिमा रूक्षा तिक्ता स्वाद्वी च शुक्रला । चक्षुष्या क्षतशोंथघ्नी ग्राहणीज्वरदाहनुत् । दोषत्रयहरी लघ्वी ग्रहण्यशोsतिसारजित् ।। ५१ ।। Synonyms: Alpikā, Kākanudgā, Kākparṇī, Mārjardgandhikā and Sūrpaparṇī. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Spemopiotic and astringent. Therapeutics: Eye diseases, oedima, fever, burning, malabsorption, hemorrhoids and diarrhoea. 3.17: Māṣaparṇī (Teramnus labialis) माषपर्णी माषपर्णी सूर्यपर्णी काम्बो जीहयपुच्छिका । पाण्डुलोशपर्णी च कृष्णवन्ता महासहा ।। ५२ ।। माषपर्णी हिमा तिक्ता रूक्षाशुक्रबलासकृत् । मधुराग्राहिणी शोथवातपित्तज्वरास्रजित् ।। ५३ ।। Synonyms: Hayapuchikā, Kāmbojī, Kṛīṣṇavṛntā, Mahāsh, Paṇḍulomaśparṇī and Sūryaparṇī. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Action: Spemopiotic and astringent. Therapeutics: Edema, fever and diseases of the blood 3.18: Jīvanīyagaṇa जीवनीयगण अष्टवर्गः सयष्टीको जीवन्ती मुद्गपर्णिका । माषपर्णी गणेsयं तु जीवनीय इति स्मृतः ।। ५४ ।। जीवनो मधुरश्चापि नाम्ना स परिकीर्तितः । जीवनीयगणः प्रोक्तः शुक्रकृत्बृंहणो हिमः ।। ५५ ।। गुरुर्गर्भप्रदः स्तन्यकफत्पित्तरक्तहृत् । तृष्णं शोषं ज्वरं दाहं रक्तपित्तं व्यपोहति ।। ५६ ।। Synonym: Jivana gana and Madhura gana. Ingredients: Aṣṭavarga i.e. Jīvaka (Melaxis mucifera), ṛṣabhaka (Melaxis acuminata), Medā (Botanecal identity is not clear ), Mahāmedā (Polygonum verticillatum), Kākoli (Roscoea purpuera), Kṣīra-Kākolī (Paris polphylla), ṛīddhi (Hebenaria intermedia), Vṛddhi (Hebenaria edegwothi), Yaṣṭimadhu (Glychyrhiza glabra), Jīvantī (Laptadenia reticulata), and Māṣaparṇī (Termanus labialis). Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Action: Spemopiotic, galacatagouge and anabolic. Therapeutics: Infertilty, failing lactation, blood diseases, thirst, fever, burning and epistaxis. 3.19.1: White variety of Eraṇḍa (Ricinus communis) शुक्लरक्तैरण्डौ शुक्लएरण्डआमण्डश्चित्रोगन्धर्वहस्तकः । पञ्चांगुलो वर्धमानो दीर्घदण्डोव्यडम्बकः ।। रक्तोsपरो रुब्रूकः स्यादुरुबूकोरुबुस्तथा । व्याघ्रपुच्छश्च वातारिश्चञ्चुरुत्तानपत्रकः ।। एरण्डयुग्मं मधुरमुष्णं गुरु विनाशयेत् । शूलशोथकटीबस्तिशिरः पीडोदरज्वरान् ।। ब्रघ्नश्वासकफानाहकासकुष्ठाममारुतान् । एरण्डपत्रं वातघ्नं कफक्रिमिविाशनम् ।। मूत्रकृच्छ्रंहरं चापि पित्तरक्तप्रकोपणम् । वातार्यग्रदलं गुल्मबस्तिशूलहरं परम् ।। कफवातकृमीन् हन्ति बृद्धिं सप्तविधामपि । एरण्डफलमत्युष्णं गुल्मशूलानिलापहम् ।। यकृतप्लीहोदरार्शोघ्नं कटुकं दीपनं परम् । तद्वन्मज्वा च विड्भेदी वातश्लेष्मोदरापहा ।। Synonyms: āmaṇḍa, Citra, Dīrghadaṇḍa, Gandharvahastaka, Pañcāṅgula, Rubaka, śuklaeraṇḍa, Trauṇa, Vardhamāna, Vātāri and Vyaḍambaka. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Spemopiotic and astrigent. Therapeutics: Colic, oedema, lumbago, headache, abdomiona diseases, fever, hernia, asthma, flatulence, cough and rheumatism. 3.19.2: Red veriety of Eraṇḍa Synonyms: Cauñcu, Rakraeraṇḍa, Ruba, Rubaka, Urubūka, Uttānpatraka, Vātāri and Vyāgrapuṣccha. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Spemopiotic and astrigent. Therapeutics: Colic, oedema, lumbago, headache, abdomiona diseases, fever, hernia, asthma, flatulence, cough and rheumatism. 3.19.3: Leaves of Eranda Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggravates Pitta and blood. Theraprutics: Worm infestation and dysuria. 3.19.4: Tender leaves of Eraṇḍa Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Abdominal tumor, ureteric colic, worm infestation and hernia. 3.19.5: Fruit of Eraṇḍa Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Abdominal tumor, colic, liver aliments, spleen aliments, abdominal diseases and hemorrhoids. 3.19.6: Epicarp of Eranda Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer and Laxative. Therapeutics: Abdominal tumor, colic, liver aliments, spleen aliments, abdominal diseases and hemorrhoids. 3.21: आकारकरभ आकारकरभश्चैव कल्लकोsथ ह्यकल्लकः । अकल्लकोष्णो वीर्य्येण बलकृत्कटुको मतः । प्रतिश्यायं च शोथं च वातं चैव विनाशयेत् ।। ६४ ।। 3.22.1: White variety of Arka (Calotropis gigantea) शुक्लरक्तार्क श्वेतार्को गणरूपः स्यान्मन्दारो वसुकोsपि च । श्वेतपुष्यः सदापुष्पः सबालार्कः प्रतापसः ।। ६५ ।। रक्तोsपरोर्कनामास्यादर्कपर्णो विकीरणः । रक्तपुष्पः शुक्लफलस्तथा स्फोटः प्रकीर्तितः ।। ६६ ।। अकद्वयं सरं वातकुष्ठकण्डु विषव्रणान् । निहन्तिप्लीहगुल्मार्शः श्लेष्मोदरशकृत्क्रिमीन् ।। ६७ ।। अलर्ककुसुमं वृष्यं लघु दीपनपाचनम् । अरोचकप्रसेकार्शः कासश्वासनिवारणम् ।। ६८ ।। रक्तार्कपुष्पं मधुरं सतिक्तं कुष्ठक्रिमिघ्नं कफनाशनं च । अर्शाविषं हन्ति च रक्तपित्तं संग्राहि गुल्मे श्वयथो हितं तत् ।। ६९ ।। क्षीरमर्कस्य तिक्तोष्णं स्निग्धं सलवणं लघु । कुष्ठगुल्मोदरहरं श्रेष्ठमेतद्विरेचनम् ।। ७० ।। Synonyms: Alkara, Gaṇrūpa, Mandāra, Prarāpas, Sadāpuṣpā, śvetārka, śvetapuṣpa and Vasuka. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Laxative. Therapeutics: Skin diseases, Pruritis, Poisoning, ulcer, spleen diseases, hemorrhoids, abdominal diseases and worm infestation. 3.22.2: Red variety of Arka (Calotropis procera) Synonyms: Arkanāma, Arkparṇa, āsphoṭa, Rakrārka, Rakrapuṣpa, Suklaphala and Vikīrana. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Laxative. Therapeutics: Skin diseases, Pruritis, Poisoning, ulcer, spleen diseases, hemorrhoids, abdominal diseases and worm infestation. 3.22.3: Flower of white variety of Arka Action: Aphrodisiac, appetizer and digestive. Therapeutics: Anorexia, salivation, hemorrhoids, cough and asthma. 3.22.4: Flwer of red variety of Arka Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Tikta (Bitter). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Astringent, appetizer and digeative. Therapeutics: abdomina tumor, edema, skin diseases, hemorrhoids, poisoning and epistaxis. 3.22.5: Latex (milky exudates ) of Arka Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Lavaṇa (Salt). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Therapeutics: Skin diseases, abdominal tumor and abdominal diseases. 3.23.1: Sehuṇḍa (Euphoria neriifolia) सेहुण्ड सेहुण्डःसिहंतुण्डःस्याद्वज्रा वज्रद्रुमोsपि च । सुधासमन्तदुग्धा च स्नुक्स्त्रियां स्यात्स्नुही गुडा ।। ७१ ।। सेहुण्डोरेचनस्तीक्ष्णो दीपनःकटुकोगुरुः । शूलामष्ठीलिकाध्मानकफगुल्मोदरानिलान् ।। ७२ ।। उन्मादमेहकुष्ठार्शः शोथमेदोश्मपाण्डुताः । व्रणशोथज्वरप्लीहविषदूषीविषं हरेत् ।। ७३ ।। उष्णवीर्य्यं स्नुहीक्षीरं स्निग्धं च कटुकं लघु । गुल्मिनां कुष्ठिनां चापि तथैवोदर रोगिणाम् । हितमेतद्विरेकार्थे ये चान्ये दीर्घरोगिणः ।। ७४ ।। Synonyms: Guḍā, Samantadugdhā, Si*atuṇḍa, Snuhī, Snuk, Sudhā, Vajradruma and Vajrī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer and purgative. Therapeutics: Colic, indigestion, renal calculus, tympanites, abdominal tumor caused by Kapha, abdominal diseases, insanity, apoplexy, skin diseases, hemorrhoids, edema, obesity, calculus, anemia, abscess, fever, spleen diseases, poisoning and cumulative poisoning. 3.23.2: Latex (milky exudates) of Sehuṇḍa Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer and purgative. Therapeutics: Abdominal tumar, skin diseases and abdominal diseases. 3.24: Variety of Sehuṇḍa (Euphoria tirucalli) सेहुण्डभेद (सातला) शातला सप्तंला सारा विमला विदुला च सा । तथा निगदिताभूरिफेना कर्मकषेत्यपि ।। ७५ ।। शातला कटुकापाके वातला शीतलालघुः । तिक्ताशेथ कफानाहपित्तोदावर्त्तरक्तजित् ।। ७६ ।। Synonyms: Bhūriphenā, Kharmakaṣa, Sapralā, Sārā, śātalā, Vidulā and Vimalā. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta. Therapeutics: Oedema, flarulence, tympanites and vitiation of blood. 3.25: Kalihārī (Gloriosa superba) कलिहारी कालिहारी तुहलिनी लाङ्गलीशुक्लपुष्यपि । विशल्याग्निशिखानन्ता वह्रिवक्त्रा च गर्भनुत् ।। ७७ ।। कलिहारी सरा कुष्ठशोफार्शोव्रणशूलजित् । सक्षीराश्लेष्मजित्तिक्ता कटुका तुवरापि च । तीक्ष्णोष्णकृमिहृल्लध्वी पित्तला गर्भपातिनी ।। ७८ ।। Synonyms: Agniśikhā, Anantā, Garbhanut, Halinī, Lāṅgalī, śukrapuṣpī, Vahnivaktrā and Viśalyā. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Action: Alkaline and Purgative. Therapeutics: Skin diseases, edema, hemorrhoids, ulcer, colic, worm infestation and abortifacient. 3.26: Kara vīra श्वेत-रक्त करवीरौ करवीरः श्वेततुष्पः शतकुम्भोsश्वमारकः । द्वितीोयों रक्तपुष्पश्च चण्डातः लगुडस्तथा ।। ७९ ।। करवीद्वयं तिक्तं कषायं कटुकं च तत् । व्रणलाघवकृन्नेत्रकोपकुष्ठव्रणापहम् । वीर्योष्णं कृमिकण्डुघ्नं भक्षितं विषवन्मतम् ।। ८० ।। 3.26.1: White variety of Karvira (Nerium odorum) श्वेत कश्वीरः Synonyms: Aśvamāraka, śatakumbha and śverapuṣpa. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Therapeutics: Eye diseases, skin diseases, ulcer, worm infestation and pruritis. 3.26.2: Red variety of Karavīra (Thevetia nerifolia) Synonyms: Caṇḍāta, Laguḍa and Raktapuṣpa. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Therapeutics: Eye diseases, skin diseases, ulcer, worm infestation and pruritis. Note: Both the varieties are highly poisonous. 3.28: Dhatūra (Datura stramonium) कृष्ण धत्तूरः धत्तूरधूर्तधुस्तूरा उन्मत्तः कनकाह्वयः । देवताकितवस्तूरी महामोही शिवप्रियः । मातुलो मदनश्चास्य फले मातुलपुत्रकतः ।। ८१ ।। धत्तूरो मदवर्णाग्निवातकृज्ज्वरकुष्ठनुत् । कषायो मधुरस्तिक्तो यूकालिक्षाविनाशनः ।। उष्णो गुरुव्रणश्लेष्मकण्डुकृमिविषापहः ।। ८२ ।। Synonyms: Devatā, Dhatūra, Kanaka, Kitava, Madana, Madāmohī, Mātula, śivapriya, Turī and Unmatta. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action: Appetizer, alterative and narcotic. Therapeutics: Fever, Skin diseases, pediculosis, ulcer, pruritis, worm infestation and poisoning. 3.29: Aaṭarūṣaka (Adhatoda vasica) आटरूषः वासको वासिका वासाभिंषङमाता च सिंहिका । सिंहास्यो वाजिदन्तःस्यादाटरूषक इत्यपि ।। ८३ ।। अटरूपो षृनामा सिंहपर्णश्च स्मृतः । वासको वातकृत्स्वर्यः कफपित्तास्त्रनाशनः ।। ८४ ।। तिक्तस्तुवरको हृद्यो लघुः शीतस्तृडर्तिहृत् । श्वासकासज्वरच्छर्दिमेहकुष्ठक्षयापहः ।। ८५ ।। Synonyms: Aaṭarūṣa, Bhiṣaṅmātā, Si*hāsya, Si*hikā, Si*haparṇa, Tāmra, Vājidanta, Vāsā, Vāsaka, Vāsikā and Vṛṣa. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action: Cardiac tonic. Therapeutics: Hoarseness of the voice, epistaxis, thirst, asthma, cough, asthma vomiting, polyurisa, skin diseases and phthisis. 3.30: Parpaṭa (Fumaria officinalis) पर्पटः पर्पटो वरतिक्तश्च स्मृतः पर्पटकश्च सः । कथितः पांशुपर्यायः तथा कवचनामकः ।। ८६ ।। पपटोहन्ति पित्तास्त्रभ्रमतृष्णाकफज्वरान् । संग्राही शीतलस्तिक्तो दाहनुद्वातलो लघुः ।। ८७ ।। Synonyms: Kavacanāmaka, pā*śuparyāya and varatikta. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: Blood diseases, vertigo, thirst and fever. 3.30.1: Nimba (Azadirachta indica) निम्ब निम्बः स्याप्तिचुमर्दश्च पिचुमन्दश्चतिक्तकः । अरिष्टः पारिभद्रश्च हिंगुनिर्यास इत्यादि ।। ८८ ।। निम्बः शीतो लघुर्ग्राही कटुकोsग्निवातनुत् । अहृद्यः श्रमतृट्कासज्वरारुचिकृमिप्रणुत् ।। ८९ ।। व्रणपित्तकफच्छदिकुष्ठहृल्लासमेहनुत् । निम्बपत्रं स्मृतं नेव्यं कृमिपित्तविषप्रणुत् । वातलं कटुपाकं च सर्वारोचककुष्ठनुत् ।। ९० ।। निम्बं फलं रसे तिक्तं पाके तु कटु भदनम् । स्निग्धं लघूष्णं कुष्ठघ्नं गुल्मार्शः कृमिमेहनृत् ।। ९१ ।। Synonyms: Ariṣṭa, Hi*guniryāsa, Pāribhadra, Picumarda and Tiktaka. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: Fatigue, thirsty, cough, fever, anorexia, worm infestation, ulcer, vomiting, skin diseases, nausea and polyuria. 3.30.2: Leaves of Nimba Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Therapeutics: Anorexia, eye diseases and skin diseases. 3.30.3: Fruit of Nimba Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Action: Laxtive. Therapeutics: Skin diseases, abdominal tumor, hemorrhoids, worm infestation and polyuria. 3.31: Mahānimba (Melia azedarach) महानिम्ब महानिम्बः स्मृतोद्रेको रम्यको विषमुष्टिकः । केशामुष्टिर्निम्बकश्चकार्मुको जीवइत्यपि ।। ९२ ।। महानिम्बो हिमो रूक्षास्तिक्तो ग्राही कषायकः । कफतित्तमच्छर्दिष्ठहृल्लासरक्तजित् । प्रमेहश्वासगुल्मार्शोमूषिकाविषनाशनः ।। ९३ ।। Synonyms: Dreka, Jīva, Kārmuka, Nimbaka, Ramyaka and Viṣmuṣṭika. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: Vertigo, vomiting, skin diseases, nausea, blood diseases, polyuria, asthma, hemorrhoids and rodent poisoning. 3.32: Pāribhadra (Erythina indica) पारिभद्र पारिभद्रो निम्बतरुर्मन्दारः पारिजातकः ।। ९४ ।। पारिभद्रोsनिलश्लेष्मशोथमेदः कृमिप्रणुत् । तत्पुष्यं तित्तरोगघ्नं कर्णव्याधिविनाशनम् ।। ६५ ।। Synonyms: Mandāra, Nimbtaru and Pārijātaka. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Oedema, obesity and worm infestation. Leaves are used in pitta and ear diseases. 3.33.1: Kā*canāra (Bauhinia variegata) कांचनार काञ्चनारःकाञ्चनको गण्डारिःशोणपुष्पकः । कोविदारश्चमरिकः कुद्दालोयुगपत्रकः ।। ९६ ।। कुण्डलीताम्रपुष्पश्चाश्मन्तकःस्वल्पकेसरी । काञ्चनारो हिमोग्राही तुवरःश्लेष्मपित्तहृत् ।। ९७ ।। कृमिकुष्ठगुदभ्रंशगण्डमालाव्रणापहा । कोविदारोsपि तद्वत्स्यात्तयोः पुष्पं लघु स्मृतम् ।। ९८ ।। रूक्षं संग्राहि पित्तास्त्रप्रदरक्षयकासनुत् । Synonyms: Aśmantaka, Gaṇḍāri, Kāñcanaka, Kovidāra, Kuddāla, Kuṇḍalī, Marika, śoṇapuṣpaka, Svalpakesarī, Tāmrapuṣpa and Yugapatraka. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: Worm infestation, skin diseases, rectal prolapse, goiter and ulcer. 3.32.2: Red variety of Kāñcanāra (Kovidāra) Synonyms: Aśmantaka, Kovidāra, Kuddāla, Kuṇḍāli, Marika, Svalpakeśarī, Tamrapuṣpa and Yugapatraka. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: Worm infestation, skin diseases, rectal prolapse, goiter and ulcer. 3.33.3: Flower of Kāñcanāra and Kovidāra Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Therapeutics: Uterine bleeding, plthisis and cough. Note: Kācnāra and its flower cause constipation. 3.34.1: Black variety of śobāmjana (Moringa oleifera) शोभांजनः शोभाञ्जनः शिग्रुतीक्ष्णगन्धकाsक्षीवमोचकाः ।। ९९ ।। तद्वीजं श्वेतमरिचं मधुशिग्रुस्तुलोहितः । शिग्रुःसरः कटुः पाके तीक्ष्पोष्णो मधुरोलघुः ।। १०० ।। दीपनः रोचनो रूक्षः क्षारस्तिक्तो विदाहकृत् । संग्राहीशुक्रलो हृद्यः पित्ताक्तप्रकोपणः ।। १०१ ।। चक्षुष्यःकफवातघ्नो विद्रधिश्वथुक्रिमीन् । मेदोपचीविषप्लांहगल्मगण्डव्रणान् हरेत् ।। १०२ ।। श्वेतः प्रोक्तगुणोज्ञयो विशषाद्दीपनःसरः । प्लीहानं विधिं हन्ति व्रणघ्नः पित्तरक्तकृत् ।। १०३ ।। मधुशिग्रुः प्रोक्तगुणो विशेषाद्दीपनंःसरः । शिग्रुवल्कलपत्राणां स्वरसः परमार्तिहृत् ।। १०४ ।। चक्षुष्यंशिग्रुजं बीजं तीक्ष्णोष्णं विषनाशनम् । अवृष्यं कफवातघ्नं तन्नस्येन शिरोर्त्तिहृत् ।। १०५ ।। Types:1 Black, 2. White and 3. Red. Seeds of śobāmjana are known as śveta maricha. Synonyms: Akśīva, Mocaka, śigru and Tīkṣṇagandhaka. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Action: Appetizer, spermopiotic, alkaline and cordiac tonic. Therapeutics: Eye diseases, abcess, edema, worm infestation, obesity, lymphadenitis, spleen diseases, abdominal tumor, goiter and ulcer. 3.34.2: White variety of śobāñjana Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Action: Appetizer, spermopiotic, alkaline and cordiac tonic. Therapeutics: Eye diseases, abcess, edema, worm infestation, obesity, lymphadenitis, spleen diseases, abdominal tumor, goiter and ulcer. Note: It upsets digestion. 3.34.3: Red variety of śobāñjana Synonym: Madhuśigru. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Action: Appetizer, laxative, spermopiotic, alkaline and cordiac tonic. Therapeutics: Eye diseases, abcess, edema, worm infestation, obesity, lymphadenitis, spleen diseases, abdominal tumor, goiter and ulcer. 3.34.4: Bark and expressed juice of leaves of śobāñjana Therapeutics: Intolerable pain. 3.34.5: Seeds of śobāñjana Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Anaphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Eye diseases, and poisoning, Nasya (nasal administration) of powdered seeds is useful in deadache. 3.35.1: Blue variety of Aparājitā (Clitoria ternatea) 111-112 श्वेत व नीलपुष्पा अपरातिजता आस्फोतागिरिकर्णीस्याद् विष्णुक्रान्तापराजिता । अपराजिते कटू मेध्ये शीते कण्ठ्येसुदृष्टिदे । कुष्ठमूत्रत्रिदोषामशोथव्रणविषापहे । वकषाये कटुके पाके तिक्ते च स्मृतिबुद्धिदे ।। १०७ ।। Synonyms: āsphoṭa, Girikarṇī and Viṣṇukrāntā. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Nootropic. Theraprutics: Improves vision and voice, skin diseases, urinary tract diseases, indigestion, edema, ulcer and poisoning. 3.35.2: White variety of Aprajita Synonyms: āsphoṭa, Girikarṇa and Viṣṇukrāntā. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Nootropic. Theraprutics: Improves vision and voice, skin diseases, urinary tract diseases, indigestion, edema, ulcer and poisoning. 3.36.1: White variety of Sinduvāra (Vitex negundo) सिन्दुवारः सिन्दुवारःश्वेतपुष्पः सिन्दुकः सिन्दुवारकः । नीलपुष्पी तु निर्गुण्डीशेफालीसुवहा चसा ।। १०८ ।। सिन्दुकः स्मृतिदस्तिक्तः कषायः कटुकोलघुः । केश्योनेत्रहितो हन्ति शूलशोथाममारुतान् ।। १०९ ।। कृमिकुष्ठारुचिश्लेष्मव्रणान्नीला हि तद्विधा । सिन्दुवारदलंजन्तुवातश्लेष्महरं लघु ।। ११० ।। Synonyms: Sinduka and sinduvāraka. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Action: Nootropic. Therapeutics: Loss of mimory, diseases of the eye and hairs, colic, edema, rheumatism, worm infestation, skin diseases, anorexia and fever caused by vitiation of Kapha. 3.36.2: Blue variety of Sinduvāra (Vitex trifolia) Synonyms: Nirguṇḍī, śephālī and Suvahā. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Action: Nootropic. Therapeutics: Loss of mimory, diseases of the eye and hairs, colic, edema, rheumatism, worm infestation, skin diseases, anorexia and fever caused by vitiation of Kapha. 3.36.3: Leaves of Sinduvāra Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Therapeutics: worm infestation. 3.37: Kuṭaja (Holarrhena antidysenterica) कुटज कुटजः कुटिजः कोटो वत्सकोगिरिमल्लिका । कालिङ्गश्चक्रशाखी च मल्लिकापुष्प इत्यपि । इन्द्रयवफलः प्रोक्तो ष्यकः पाण्डुरद्रुमः । कुटजः कटुको रूक्षो दीपनस्तुवरो हिमः ।। ११२ ।। अर्शोतिसारपित्तास्त्रकफतृष्णामकुष्ठजित् । Synonyms: Girimallikā, Indra, Kāliṅga, Kauṭa, Mallikāpuṣpa, Pāṇḍuradruma, śakraśākhī, Vatsaka, Vṛkṣaka and Yavaphala, Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Hemorrhoids, diarrhoea, thirst, indigestion and skin diseases. 3.38.1: Kaṇṭka Karañja (Pongamia glabra) करञ्ज करञ्जो नक्तमालश्च करजश्चिरबिल्वकः ।। ११३ ।। घृतपूर्णः करञ्जोsल्सःप्रकीर्यःपूतिकोsपि च । स चोक्तः पूतिकारञ्जः सोमवल्कश्चसस्मृतः ।। ११४ ।। करञ्जः कटुकस्तोक्ष्णोवीर्योष्णोयोनिदोषहृत् । कुष्ठोदावर्तगुल्मार्शोव्रणक्रिमिकफापहा ।। ११५ ।। तत्पत्रं कफवातार्शः कृमिशोथहरं वरम् । भेदनं कटुकं पाके वार्योष्णं पित्तलं लघु ।। ११६ ।। तत्फलं कफवातघ्नं मेहार्शःकृमिकुष्ठजित् । घृतपूर्णकरञ्जोsपिकरञ्जसदृशो गुणैः ।।११७ ।। Synonyms: Cirabilvaka, Karaja, Karañja and Naktamāla. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Vaginal diseases, skin diseases, flatulence, abdominal tumor, hemorroids, ulcer and worm infestation. 3.38.2: Ghṛita-Karañja (Caesalpinia bonducella) Synonyms: Prakīrya, Putika, Putikārañja and Somavalkala. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Vaginal diseases, skin diseases, flatulence, abdominal tumor, hemorroids, ulcer and worm infestation. 3.38.3: Leaves of Karañja Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Hemorrhoids, worm infestation and skin diseases. 3.38.4: Fruit of Karañja Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Hemorrhoids, worm infestation, polyuria and skin diseases. 3.39: Karañjī (तृतीयकरंजः) उदकीर्यस्तृतीयोsन्यः षड्ग्रन्थो हस्तिवारुणी । कर्कटी वायसी चापि करञ्जी करभञ्जिका ।। ११८ ।। करञ्जीस्तम्भनी तिक्ता तुवरा कटु पाकिनी । वीर्योष्णा वमिपित्तार्शः कृमिकुष्ठप्रमेहजित् ।। ११९ ।। Synonyms: Hastivāruṇī, Karañjī, Karabhañjikā, Marakaṭī, ṣaḍgranthā, Udakkīrya and Vāyasī. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: Vomiting, skin diseases, hemorrhoids, polyuria and worm infestation. 3.40.1: White variety of Guñjā (Abrus precatorius) श्वेत रक्त गुंजा श्वेता गुञ्जोच्चटा प्रोक्ता कृष्णला चापि सा स्मृता । रक्ता सा काकचिञ्ची स्यात्काकणन्ती च रक्तिका ।। १२० ।। काकादनी काकपीलुःसा स्मृताङ्गारवल्लरी गुञ्जाद्वयं तुकेश्यं स्याद् वातपित्तज्वरापहम् ।। १२१ ।। नेत्रामयहरं वृष्यं कण्डुव्रणापहम् । मुखशोषभ्रमश्वासतृष्णामदविनाशिनी ।। १२२ ।। कृमीन्द्रलुप्तकुष्ठानि रक्तबद्धबलापि च । Synonyms: Kṛṣṇalā, śvetāguñjā and Uccaṭā. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Actions: Aphrodisiac and tonic. Therapeutics: Dryness of the mouth, vertigo, asthma, lethargy, alcoholism, eye diseases, pruritis, ulcer, worm infestation, alopecia and skin diseases. 3.40.2: Red variety of Guñjā (Abrus pulchella) Synonyms: Kākādanī, Kākaciñcī, Kākaṇantī, Kākapīlu, Kākavallarāī, Raktaguñjā and Raktikā. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Actions: Aphrodisiac and tonic. Therapeutics: Dryness of the mouth, vertigo, asthma, lethargy, alcoholism, eye diseases, pruritis, ulcer, worm infestation, alopecia and skin diseases. 3.41: Kapikacchu (Mucuna pruriens) कपिकच्छु -केवांच कपिकच्दुरात्मगुप्ता रिष्यप्रोक्ता च मर्कटी ।। १२३ ।। अजटा कण्डुराध्यण्डा दुःस्पर्शाप्रावृषायणी । लाङगली शूकशिम्बी च सैव प्रोक्ता महर्षिभिः ।। १२४ ।। कपिकच्छुर्भृशंवृष्या मधुराबृंणी गुरुः । तिक्ता वातहरी बल्या कफपित्तास्त्रनाशिनी ।। १२५ ।। तद्वीजं वातशमनं स्मृतं वाजीकरं परम् । Synonyms: Ajaḍa, ātamgauptā, Duḥsparśā, Kaṇḍurā, Lāṅgalī, Markaṭī, Pravṛṣāyaṇī, śūkasimbī, Vṛṣyā and Vyañgā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Aphrodisiac and tonic. Therapeutics: Diseases of the blood. 3.41.2: Seeda of Kapikacchu Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Therapeutics: Diseases of the blood. 3.42: Mamsarohini (Soymida febrifuga) मांसरोहिणी मांसरोहिण्यतिविषा वृत्ता चर्मकषा कृशा ।। १२६ ।। प्रहारवल्ली विकसावीरवत्यपि कथ्यते । स्यान्मांसरोहिणी वृष्या सरादोषत्रयापहा ।। १२७ ।। Synonyms: Atiruha, Carmkaṣa, Prahāravallī, Vīravatī, Vikṣa, Vṛtta and Kṣā. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Aphrodisiac and laxative. 3.43.1: Chihlaka (Casearia tomentosa) चिल्लकः चिल्लको वातनिर्हारोश्लेष्मघ्नोधातुपुष्टिकृत् । आग्नेयो विषवद्ध्यस्य फलं मत्स्यनिषूदनम् ।। १२८ ।। Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Nutritive 3.43.2: Fruit of Cihlaka Action: it is poisonous to fish. 3.44: ṭaṅkārī (Physalis minima) टंकारी टंकारी वातजित्तिक्ता श्लेष्मघ्नी दीपनी लघुः । शोखोदरव्यथाहन्त्री हिता पीठविसर्पिणाम् ।। १२९ ।। Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Edema and abdominal diseases. 3.45: Vetasa (Salix capera) वेतसः वेतसोः नम्रकः प्रोक्तो वानीरो वंजुलस्तथा । अम्रपुष्पश्च विदलो रथः शीतश्च कीर्तितः ।। १३० ।। वेतसः शीतलो दाहशोथार्शोंयोनिरुक्प्रणुत् । हन्ति वीसर्प कृच्छ्रंस्त्रपित्ताश्मरिकफानिलान् ।। १३१ ।। Synonyms: Amrapuṣpa, Namarka, Ratha, śīta, Vānīra, Vañjula and Vidala. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Tikta (Bitter). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Therpeutics: Burning, edema, hemorrhoids, diseases of the vagina, erysipelas, dysuria, epistaxis ans calculus. 3.46: Jalavetasa (Salix tertasperma) जलवेतस नकुञ्चकः परीव्याधो नादेयी जलवेतसः । जलजो वेतसः शीतः संग्राही वातकोपनः ।। १३२ ।। Synonyms: Nādeya, Nikunchaka and Parivyadha. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta. Therapeutics: Skin diseases. 3.47: Ijjala (Barringtonia acutangula) इज्जल (समुद्रफल) इज्जलो हिज्जलश्चापि निचुलश्चाम्बुजस्तथा । जलवेतसवद्वेद्यो हिज्जलोsयं विषापहा ।। १३३ ।। Synonyms: Ambuja, Hijjala and Nicula. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta. Therapeutics: Skin diseases and poisoning. 3.48.1: Ankota (Alangium lamarckii) अंकोठ (ढेरा) अंकोटोदीर्घकीलःस्यादंकोलश्चनिकोचकः । अंकोटकः कटुस्तीक्ष्णः स्निधेष्णस्तुवरो लघुः ।। १३४ ।। रेचनः कृमिशूलामशोफग्रहविषापहा । विसर्पंकफपित्तास्त्रमूषिकाहिविषापहा ।। १३५ ।। तत्फलं शीतलं स्वादु श्लेष्मघ्नं बृंहणं गुरु । वल्यं दिरेचनं वातपित्तदाहक्षयास्त्रजित् ।। १३६ ।। Synonyms: Aṅkola, Dīrghakīla and Nikocaka. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light), Snigdha and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Laxtive. Therapeutics: Worm infestation, colic, indigestion, edema, microbial infestations, erysipelas, diseases of the blood, rodent poisoning and snake poisoning. 3.48.2: Fruit of Aṅkoṭa Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Tonic and purvative. Therapeutics: phthisis and diseases of the blood. 3.49.1: Balā (Sida cordifolia) बलाचतुष्टय बला वाट्यालिका वाट्यासव वाट्यालकापि च । महाबला पीतपुष्पा सहदेवी च सा स्मृता ।। १३७ ।। ततोsन्यातिबलारिष्यप्रोक्ता कंकुतिका सहा । गाङ्गरुकी नागबली झषा ह्रस्वा गवेधुका ।। १३८ ।। बलाचतुष्टयं शीतं मधुरं बलकान्तिकृत् । स्निग्धं ग्राहिसमीरास्त्रपित्तास्त्रक्षतनाशनम् ।। १३९ ।। Synonyms: Vāṭya, Vāṭyālaka and Vāṭyālikā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Astringent, alterative and tonic. Therapeutics: Ulcer and diseases of the blood. Powder of the root taken with milk is useful in polyuria. 3.49.2: Mahābalā (Sida rhombifolia) Synonyms: Pītapuṣpā and Sahadevī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Astringent, carminative, alterative and tonic. Therapeutics: Ulcer and diseases of the blood. It is useful in dysuria. 3.49.3: Atibalā (Abutilon indicum) Synonyms: Kaṅkita and Riṣyapraktā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Astringent, alterative and tonic. Therapeutics: Ulcer and diseases of the blood. Powder of the root taken with milk is useful in polyuria. 3.49.4: Nāgbalā (Grewia hisuta) Synonyms: Gāṅgarukī, Hrasvā gavedhukā and jhaṣā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Astringent, alterative and tonic. Therapeutics: Ulcer and diseases of the blood. 3.50: Lakṣmaṇā लक्ष्मणा पुत्रकारकरक्ताल्पबिन्दुभिर्लञ्छिता सदा । लक्ष्मणापुत्रजननी बस्तगन्धाकृतिर्भवेत् ।। १४० ।। कथिता पुत्रता पुत्रदा वश्या लक्ष्मणा मुनिपुङ्गवैः । Description: The leaves of the plant contain red spots resembling the anatomy of male. In appearance it resembles with plant of Bastgandha (Thymus vulgaris). Action: It helps in conception. Note: it is drug of controversial origin. 3.51: Svarṇavalli स्वर्णवल्ली (सोनबेल) स्वर्णवल्ली रक्तफला काकायुः काकवल्लरी ।। १४१ ।। स्वर्णवली शिरःपीडां त्रिदोषं हन्ति दुग्धदा । Synonyms: Kākavllarī, Kākāyu and Raktaphalā. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Galatagouge. Therapeutics: Cephalgia. 3.52: Karpāsī (Gossypium herbaceum) कार्पासी कार्पासी तुण्डकेशी च समुद्रान्ता च कथ्यते ।। १४२ ।। कार्पासको लघुः कोष्णो मधुरो वातनाशनः । तत्पलाशं समीरघ्नं रक्तकृन्मूत्रवर्द्धनम् ।। १४३ ।। तत्कर्गषीडकानादपूयास्वावविनाशनम् । तद्बीजं स्तन्यदं वृष्यं स्निग्धं कफकर गुरु ।। ११४ ।। Synonyms: Samudrāntā and tuṇḍakeśī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. 3.52.1: Leaves of Kārpāsī (Gossypium herbaceum) Action: Diuretic and haemopiotic. Therapeutics: Otitis externa, otitis media, tinnitus and otorrhoea. 3.52.3: Seeds of Kārpāsī Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Action: Galacatgouge and aphrodisiac. 3.53.1: Va*śa (Bambusa arundinacea) वंश वंशस्त्वसारकर्मारत्वंचिसारतृणध्वजाः । शतपर्वा यवफलो वेणुमस्करतेजनः ।। १४५ ।। वंशःसरी हिमः स्वादुःकषायो बस्तिशोधनः । छेदनः कफपित्तघ्नः कुष्ठास्त्रव्रणशोथजित् ।। १४६ ।। तत्करीरः कटुः पाके रसे रूक्षोगुरुःसरः । कषायः कफकृत्स्वादुर्विदाही वातपित्तलः ।। १४७ ।। तद्यवास्तु सरारूक्षाः कषायाः कटुपाकिनः । वातपित्तकरा उष्णा बद्धमूत्राः कफापहाः ।। १४८ ।। Synonyms: Karmāra, Maskara, śataparvā, Tejana, Tṛṇdhwajā, Tvacisāra, Tvaksāra, Veṇu and yavaphala. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Laxative and expectorant. Therapeutics: Diseases of the urinary bladder, skin diseases, diseases of the blood, ulcer and edema. 3.53.2: Aṅkura of va*śa Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Laxtive. 3.53.3: Yava of va*śa Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta and Pitta but allevetates Kapha. Action: Laxtive. 3.54: Nala (Lobelia nicotianefolia) नल नलः पोटगलः शून्यमध्यश्च धमनस्तथा । नलस्तु मधुरस्तिक्तः कषायः कफरक्तजित् ।। १४९ ।। Synonyms: Dhamana, Potgala and Shunyamadhya. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and kshaya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Kapha. Action: Laxtive and expectorant. Therapeutics: Erysipelas, burning, blood diseases, heart aliments, pain originating form urinary bladder and vagina. 3.55.1: Bhadramunja (Saccharum munja) भद्रमुंज (रामशर) मुंज (मूंज) भद्रमुञ्जः शरोबाण्स्तेजनश्चक्षुवेष्टनः । मुञ्जो मुञ्जातको बाणः स्थूलदर्भः सुमेखलः ।। १५० ।। मुञ्जद्वयं तु मधुरं तुवरं शिशिरं तथा । दाहतृष्णाविसर्पास्त्रमूत्रकृच्छृांक्षिरोगहृत् ।। १५१ ।। दोषत्रयहरं वृष्यं मेखलासूपयुज्यते । Synonyms: Bhana, Ikshuveshtana, Shara and Tejana. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and kshaya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Burning sensation, thirst, erysipelas, blood diseases and eye ailments. 3.55.2: Munja Synonyms: Bhana, Munjataka, Sthuldarbha and Sumekhala, Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and kshaya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Burning sensation, thirst, erysipelas, blood diseases and eye ailments. 3.56: Kasa (Saccharum spontaneum) कासः कासः कोसेक्षुरुद्दष्टः स स्यादिक्षुरकस्तथा ।। १५२ ।। इक्ष्वालिकेक्षुगन्धा च तथा पोटगलः स्पतः । कासः स्यान्मधुरस्तिक्तः स्वादुपाको हिमःसरः ।। मूत्रकृच्छृांश्चदाहास्त्रक्षतपित्ताक्षिरोगजित् । Synonyms: Ikshugandha, Ikshurasa, Ikahvalika, Kasekshu and Potgala. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Tikta (Bitter). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Action: Laxative. Therapeutics: Dysuria, calculus, burning sensation, blood diseases ailments and phthisis. 3.57: Gundra (Typha angustifolia) गुन्द्रः गुन्द्रः पटेरको गुत्थः शृङ्गवेराभमूलकः ।। १५४ ।। गुन्द्रःकषायोमधुरः शिशिरः पित्तरक्तजित् । स्तन्यः शुक्ररजोमूत्रशोधनोमूत्रकृच्छ्रहृत् ।। १५५ ।। Synonyms: Gulma, Pateraka and Shrangveramulaka. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and kshaya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Therapeutics: Epistaxis and dysuria. Note: It purifies milk, semen, menstrual fluid and urine. 3.58: Erka (Typha elephantina) एरका एरकागुन्द्रमूलाच शिवगुन्द्राशरीति च । एरका शिशिरावृष्या चक्षुष्यावातकोपिनी ।। १५६ ।। मूत्रकृछृांश्मरीदाहपित्तशोणितनाशिनी । Synonyms: Gundra, Gundramula, Shari and Shivi. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and kshaya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta. Action: Aphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Burning sensation, dysuria, calculus and blood diseases. 3.59.1: Kuśa (Desmostachya bipinnata) कुशः कुशो दर्भस्तथा बर्हिः सूच्यग्रो यज्ञभूषणः ।। १५७ ।। ततोsन्यो दीर्घपत्र स्यात्क्षुरपत्रस्तथैव च । दर्भद्वयं त्रिदोषघ्नं मधुरं तुवरं हिमम् ।। १५८ ।। मूत्रकृच्छ्राश्मरीतृष्णाबस्तिरुक्प्रदरास्त्रजित् । Synonyms: Kuśa, Darbha, Barhi, sucyagra, yajñabhuṣaṇa. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Dysuria, calculus, uterine bleeding and diseases of the urinary bladder and blood diseases. 3.50.2: Dabha Synonyms: Dīrghapatra and Kṣurapatra. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Dysuria, calculus, uterine bleeding and diseases of the urinary bladder and blood diseases. 3.60: Kattṛṇam (Cymbopogon schoenanthus) कत्तृणम् कत्तृणं रोहिषं देवजग्धं तथा ।। १५९ ।। भूतीकं ध्याम पौरां च म्याभकं धूपगन्धिकम् । राहिषं तुवरं तिक्तं कटुपाकं व्यपोहति ।। १६० ।। हृत्कण्डुव्याधिपित्तास्त्रशूलकासकफज्वरान् । Synonyms: Bhūtīka, Devajagdha, Dhyāma, Paura, Dhūpgandhika, Kattṛna, Rohiṣa, Saugandhika and śayāmaka. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Heart ailments, diseases of the throat, epistaxis, colic and cough. 3.61: Bhutrina (Cymbopogon citratus) भूतृंणम् भूतीकं गुह्यबीजं च सुगन्धं जम्बुकप्रियम् ।। १६१ ।। भूतृणं तु भवेच्छत्रा मालातृणकमित्यपि । भूतृणं कटुकं तिक्तं तीक्ष्णोष्णं रेचनं लघु ।। १६२ ।। विदाहि दीपनं रुक्षंनेत्र्यं मुखशोधनम् अवृष्यं बहुविट्कं च पित्तरक्तप्रदूषणम् ।। १६३ ।। Synonyms: Bhutika, Chatra, Guhabeeja, Malatrinaka and Sugandha. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light), Ruksha and Tikshana. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Laxative, appetizer and anaphrodisiac Therapeutics: Eye diseases and purifiers the mouth. 3.62.1: Blue variety of Durva (Cynodon dactylon) नीलदूर्वा नीलदूर्वारुहानन्ता भार्गवी शतपर्विका । शष्पा सहस्त्रवीर्या च शतवल्ली च कीर्तिता ।। १६४ ।। नीलदूर्वा हिमा तिक्ता मधुरा तुवरा हरेत् । कफपित्तास्त्रवीसर्पतृष्णादाहत्वगामयान् ।। १६५ ।। Synonyms: Ananta, Bhargavi, Nildurva, Ruha, Sahsravirya, Shaspa, Shatparvika and Shatvalli. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light), Ruksha and Tikshana. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Epistaxis, erysipelas, thirst, burning sensation and skin diseases. 3.62.2: White variety of Durva श्वेतदूर्वा दूर्वाशुक्ला तु गोलीमो शतवीर्य्या च कथ्यते । श्वेतदूर्वा कषाया स्यात्स्वाद्वी व्रण्या च जीवनी ।। १६६ ।। तक्ता हिमा विसर्पास्त्रतृट्पित्तकफदाहहृत् । Synonyms: Golomi, Shityīrya and Shukladurva. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter), kshaya (Astringent) and Madhura (Sweet). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta. Action: Tonic and styptic. Therapeutics: Erysipelas, thirst, blood diseases and burning sensation. 3.62.3: Gaṇḍadūrvā गण्डदूर्वा गण्डदूर्वा तु गण्डोरी मत्स्याक्षी शकुलादनी ।। १६७ ।। गण्डुदूर्वा हिमा लोहद्रावर्णी ग्राहिणी लघुः । तिक्ता कषाया मधुरा वातकृन्त्कटुंपाकिनी ।। १६८ ।। दाहतृष्णाबलासास्त्रकुष्ठपित्तज्वरापहा । Synonyms: Gaṇdorī, Marsyākṣī and śakulādanī, Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter), kaṣāya (Astringent) and Madhura (Sweet). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action: Antidiarrhoeal. Therapeutics: Blood diseases, thirst, burning sensation and skin diseases. 3.63: Vārāhīkanda (Dioscorea bulbifera) बिदारी (बाराही) वाराही कन्द एवान्यश्चर्मकारालुकोमतः ।। १६९ ।। अनपेस भवेददेशे वाराह इव लोमवान् । विदारी स्वादुकन्दा च सा तु क्रोष्ट्री सिता मता ।। १७० ।। इक्षुगन्धा क्षीरवल्ली क्षीरशुक्ला पयस्विनी । वाराही वरदी (वाराहवदना) गृष्टिर्वदरेत्यभिधीयते ।। १७१ ।। विदारी मधुरा स्निग्धा बृंहणी स्तन्यशूक्रदा शीता स्वर्य्यामूत्रला च जीवनी बलवर्णदा ।। १७२ ।। गुरुः पित्तास्त्रपवनदाहान् हन्ति रसायनी । Synonyms: Carmakārāluka, Gṛṣṭi, Vārāhavdanā and Varadā. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Madhura (Sweet). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Action: Tonic and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Skin diseases, polyuria and worm infestation. 3.64: Muśalīkanda (Asparagus adscendens) मुशलीकंद तालमूली तु विद्वदिभर्मुशली परिकीर्तिता ।। १७३ ।। मुसली मधुरावृष्या वीर्योष्णा बृंहणी गुरुः । तिक्ता रसायनी हन्ति गुदजान्यनिलं तथा ।। १७४ ।। Synonyms: Ikṣhugandhā, Kroṣṭrī, Kṣīraśuklā, Kṣīravallī, Payasvinī, Sitā and Svādukandā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Property): snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Spermopiotic, galatactagouge, tonic, diuretic, alterative and nutritive. Therapeutics: Burning sensation and improves the voice. 3.65: Kālīmūsalī (Curculigo orchioides) Synonyms: Mūśalī and Tālamūlī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Property): Guru (heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action: Tonic. Therapeutics: Haemorrhoids. 3.66.1: Satavārī (Asparagus racemosus) शतावरी शतावरी बहुसुता भीरुरिन्दीवरी वरी । नारायणी शतपदी शतवीर्या च पीवरी ।। ७४ ।। महाशतावरी चान्या शतमूल्यूर्ध्वकण्टिका । सहस्त्रवीर्या हेतुश्च रिष्यप्रोक्ता महोदरी ।। १७५ ।। शतावरी गुरुः शीता तिक्ता स्वाद्वी रसायनी । मेधाग्निपुटिदा स्निग्धा नेत्र्या गुल्मिातिसारजित् ।। १७६ ।। शुक्रस्तन्यकरी वल्यावातपित्तास्त्रशोथजित् । महाशतावरी मेध्या हृद्या वृष्या रसायनी ।। १७७ ।। शीतवीर्या निहन्त्यर्शोग्रहणीयनामयान् ।। १७८ ।। तदङकुरस्त्रिदोषघ्नो लघुरर्शः त्रयापहा ।। १७९ ।। Synonyms: Bahusutā, Bhīru, Indravarī, Nārāyaṇī, Pīvarī, śatapadī, śatavīryā and varī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Property): Guru (heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action: Tonic, spermopiotic, appetizer, nootropic and galactagouge. Therapeuitcs: Eye diseases, abdominal tumor, diarrhoea, epistaxis and edema. 3.61.2: Mahāśatāvarī (Asparagus sarmentosus) Synonyms: Hetu, Mahodurī, ṛīśyaproktā, Sahasravīryā, śatamūlī and Urdhavkantika. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Action: Tonic, aphrodisiac, nootropic and cardiac tonic. Therapeutics: Haemorrhoids, malabsorption and eye diseases. 3.61.3: Aṅkura of śatāvarī and Mahāśatāvarī Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and kapha. Therapeutics: Haemorrhoids, and phthisis. 3.62: Aśvagandhā (Withania somnifera) अश्वगंधा गन्धान्तावाजिनामादिरश्वगन्धा हया ह्वया । वाराहकर्णी वरदाबलदाकुष्ठगन्धिनी ।। १८० ।। अश्वगन्धानिलश्लेष्मविश्वत्रशोथक्षयापहा । बल्या रसायनी तिक्ता कषायोष्णातिशुक्रला ।। १८१ ।। Synonyms: Balada, Kuṣṭhagandhina, Varad, Vāji and Varāhakarṇī. Rasa (Taste): kaṣāya (Astringent) and Tikta (Bitter). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Tonic and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Leucoderma, edema and phthisis. 3.63: Pāṭhā (Cissampelos pareira) पाठा पाठाम्बष्ठाम्ठष्ठकी च प्राचीना पापचेलिका । एकाष्ठीला रसा प्रोक्ता पाठिका वरतिक्तिका ।। १८२ ।। पाठोष्णाकटुकातीक्ष्णा वातश्लेष्महरी लघुः । हन्ति शूलज्वच्छर्दिकुष्ठातीसारहृद्रुजः ।। १८३ ।। दाहकण्डूविषश्वासकृमिगुल्मगरव्रणान् ।। १८४ ।। Synonyms: Ambaṣṭhā, Ekāṣṭṭhīlā, Pāpecelika, Pathikā, Prācīnā, Rasā and Varatikttā. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light) and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Colic, fever, vomiting, skin diseases, diarrhoea, heart ailments, pruritis, poisoning, asthma, worm infestation, abdominal tumor, abdominal diseases and ulcer. 3.64.1: White variety of Niśotha (Ipomoea turpethum) श्वेत निशोथ श्वेतो त्रिवृत् त्रिभण्डी स्यात् त्रिपुटापि च । सर्वानुभूतिः सरला निसोत्रा रेचनीति च ।। १८५ ।। श्वेता त्रिवृद्रेचनी स्यात् स्वादुरुष्णा समीरहृत् । रूक्षा पित्तज्वरश्लेष्मपित्तशोथोदरापहा ।। १८६ ।। Synonyms: Niśotrā, Recanī, Saralā, śvetā, Sarvānubhūti, Tribhaṇḍī, Tripuṭā and Trivṛtt. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Purgative. Therapeutics: Oedema and abdominal diseases. 3.64.2: Black variety of Niśotha कृष्ण निशोथ Synonyms: Ardhcandrā, Kālameṣikā, Keṣikā, Kali, Masūravidalā, Pālindī, śyāmā, Suṣeṇikā and Trivṛtt. Action: Drastic purgative. It produces poisonous symptoms like coma, vertigo and irritation in the throat. 3.65.1: Laghu Dantī (Baliospermum montanum) त्रिवृच्छ्यामार्द्धचन्द्रा च पालिन्दी च सुषेणिका । मसूरविदलाकोलकैषिका कालमेषिका ।। १८७ ।। श्यामातिवृत्ततो हीनगुणा तीव्रविरेचनी । मूर्च्छादाहमदभ्रान्तिकण्ठोत्कर्षणकारिणी ।। १८८ ।। Synonyms: Eraṇḍaphala, Ghuṇapriyā, Mukūlaka, Nikumbha, Shigra, śyenaghaṇṭa, Udumbaraparṇi, Vārāhāṇgī and Viśalyā. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Property):Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Purgative and apptizer. Therapeutics: Haemorrhoids, calculus, colic, blood diseases, pruritis, burning sensation, skin diseases, epistaxis, edema, abdominal diseases and worm infestation. 3.65.2: Vṛahad dantī बृहद्दन्ती या द्रवन्ती Synonyms: Akhuparni, chitra, Dravanti, Nyagodhri, Pratyaparni, Shambari, Shutrshroni, Upchitra and Vrsha. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Property):Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Purgative and apptizer. Therapeutics: Haemorrhoids, calculus, colic, blood diseases, pruritis, burning sensation, skin diseases, epistaxis, edema, abdominal diseases and worm infestation. 3.65.3: Fruit of Laghu Dantī लघुदन्ती लघुदन्ती विशल्या च स्यादुदुम्बरपर्ण्यपि । तथैरण्डफला शीघ्रा श्येनघण्टा घुणप्रिया ।। १८९ ।। वाराहाङ्ग च कथिता निकुम्भश्च मुकूलकः ।। १९० ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Purgative and diuretic. Therapeutics: Poisoning and edema. 3.66.1: Jayapāla (Croton tiglium) जयपाल जयपालोदन्तिबीजं विख्यातं तिन्तिडीफलम् । जयपालो गुरुः स्निग्धो रेची पित्तकफापहा ।। Synonyms: Cetrā, Endrī, Gvadanī, Gavākṣī and Vāruṇī. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Purgative. Therapeutics: Jaundice, spleen diseases, abdominal diseases, asthma, cough, skin diseases, abdominal tumor, adenitis, ulcer, polyuria, malpresentation of the uterus, indigestion, goiter and poisoning. 3.66.2: Dravanti द्रवन्ती (Croton polyandrum) द्रवन्ती शम्बरी चित्रा प्रत्यक्पर्ण्यर्कपर्ण्यपि (प्रत्यक्श्रेण्याखुकर्ण्यपि) । पाठान्तर ।। १९१ ।। चित्रोपचित्रा न्यग्रोधी सुतश्रेणी तथा वृषा । दन्दीद्वयं पाके रसे च कटुदीपनम् ।। १९२ ।। गुदाङकुराश्मशूलार्शःकण्डूकुष्ठविदाहनुत् । तीक्ष्णोष्णं हन्ति पित्तास्त्रकफशोथोदरक्रिमीन् ।। १९३ ।। पुद्रदन्तीफलं तु स्यान्मधुरं रसपाकयोः । शीतलं सुष्टिविणमूत्रं गरशोथकफापहम् ।। १९४ ।। Indravāruṇī इन्द्रवारुणी (Citrulus Colocynthis) ऐन्द्रीन्द्रवारुणीचित्रा गवाक्षी च गवादनी । वारुणी च परा शुक्ला वा विशाला महाफला ।। १९६ ।। श्वेतपुष्पा मृगाक्षी च मृगैर्वारुर्मृगादनी । गवादनीद्वयं तिक्तं पाके कटु सरं लघु ।। १९७ ।। वीर्य्योष्णं कामलापित्तकफप्लीहोदरापहम् । श्वासकासापहं कुष्ठगुल्मग्रन्थिव्रणप्रणुत् ।। १९८ प्रमेहमूढगर्भामगण्डामयविषापहम् ।। १९९ ।। Synonyms: Mahāphalā, Mṛgādanī, Mṛgaivāru, Mrigakshi, śvetapuṣpā and Viśālā. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Purgative. Therapeutics: Jaundice, spleen diseases, abdominal diseases, asthma, cough, skin diseases, abdominal tumor, adenitis, ulcer, polyuria, malpresentation of the uterus, indigestion, goiter and poisoning. 3.67: Nīlī (Indigofera tinctoria) नीलिनी नीली तु नीलिनी तूली कालादोला च नीलिका ।। २०० ।। रञ्जनी श्रीफली तुत्या ग्रमीणा मधुपर्णिका क्लीतिका कालकेशी च नीलपुष्पा च सा स्मृता ।। २०१ ।। नीलिनी रेचनी तिक्ता केश्या मोहभ्रमापहा । उष्णा हन्त्युदरप्लीहवातरक्तफानिलान् ।। २०२ ।। आमवातमुदावर्त मदं च विषमुद्धतम् ।। २०३ ।। Synonyms: Dola, Grāmiṇā, Kāla, Kālakeśī, Klītaka, Madhuparnika, Nīlikā, Nīlinī, Rañjanī, śrīphalī, Tuttha and tūli. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Purgative. Therapeutics: vertigo, abdominal diseases, spleen diseases, gout, rheumatism, flatulince, alcoholism and acute poisoning. 3.68: śarapuṅkhā (Tephrosia purpurea) शरपंखा शरपुंखा प्लीहशत्रुर्नीलवृक्षाकृतिश्च सा ।। २०४ ।। शरपुंखा यकृत्प्लीहगुल्मव्रणविषापहः । तिक्तः कषायः कासास्त्रश्वासज्वरहरो लघुः ।। २०५ ।। Synonyms: Nīlavṛkṣakṛti and Plīhaśatru. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light). Therapeutics: Liver diseases, spleen diseases, abdominal tumor, ulcer, poisoning, cough, blood diseases, asthma and fever. 3.69: Vridhdaruka (Argyeria speciosa) वृद्धदारकः वृद्धदारक आवेगी छागान्त्री वृष्यगनिधका । वृद्धदारः कषायोष्णः कटुस्तिषतो रसायनः ।। २०६ ।। वृष्यो वातामवातार्शःशोथमेहकफप्रणुत् । शुक्रायुर्बलमेधाग्निस्वरकान्तिकरः सरः ।। २०७ ।। Synonyms: āavegī, Chāgantrī and Vṛṣyagandhikā. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter) and kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Tonic, aphrodisiac, spermopiotic, appetizer and alterative. Therapeutics: Rheumatoid arthritis, hemorrhoids, edema and polyuria. 3.70.1: Yavāsā (Alhagi camelorum) यवासा यासोयवासोदुःस्पर्शोधन्वयासः कुनासकः । दुरालभादुरालम्भा समुद्रान्ता च रोदिनी ।। २०८ ।। गान्धारी कच्छुरानन्ता कषाया हरिविग्रहा ।। २०९ ।। यासः स्वादुःसरस्तिक्तस्तुवरः शीतलो लघुः । कफमेदोमदभ्रान्तिपित्तान्तिपित्तासृक्कुष्ठकासजित् ।। २१० ।। तृष्णाविसर्पवातास्त्रवमिज्वरहरः स्मृतः । यवासस्य गुणैस्तुल्या बुधैरुक्ता दुरालभा ।। २११ ।। Synonyms: Dhanvayāsa, Duḥsparśa, Kunāśaka and Yāsa. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and kshaya (Astringent). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Laxtive. Therapeutics: Obesity, melanchoila, epistaxis, skin diseases, cough, thirst, erysipelas, gout, vomiting and fever. 3.70.2: Dhamāsā (Fagonia arabica) Synonyms: Anantā, Durālambhā, Durālabhā, Gāndhārī, Harivigrahā, Kachurā, Kaṣāyā, Rodinī and Samudrāntā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Laxtive. Therapeutics: Obesity, melanchoila, epistaxis, skin diseases, cough, thirst, erysipelas, gout, vomiting and fever. 3.71.1: Muṇḍī (Sphaeranthus indicus) मुण्डी मुण्डी भिक्षुरपि प्रोक्ता श्रावणी च तपोधना ।। २१२ ।। श्रवणाह्वा मुण्डतिका तथा श्रवणशीर्षिका । महाश्रावणिका त्वन्या सा स्मृता भूकदम्बिका ।। २१३ ।। कदम्बपुष्पिका च स्यादव्यथातितपस्विनी । मुण्डीतिक्ता कटुः पाके वीर्य्योष्णा मधुरा लघुः ।। २१४ ।। मेघ्यागण्डापचोकुष्ठकृमियोन्यर्त्तिपाण्डुनुत् । श्लीपदारुच्यपस्मारप्लीहमेदोगुदार्तिहृत् ।। २१५ ।। महामुण्डी च तत्तुल्या गुणैरुक्ता महर्षिभिः ।। २१६ ।। Synonyms: Bhikṣu, Muṇḍatikā, śāvrṇī, Shravanshirshika, Shrvanhava and Tapodhana, Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Nootropic. Therapeutics: Goiter, cerical adenitis, dysuria, worm infestation, diseases of the vegina, anemia, filariasis, anorexia, epilepsy, spleen diseases, obesity and hemorrhoids. 3.71.2: Mahāmuṇḍī (Sphaeranthus africans) Synonyms: Atitapasvinī, Avyathā, Bhūkadambikā, Kadambapuṣpikā and Mahāśravaṇikā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Action: Nootropic. Therapeutics: Goiter, cerical adenitis, dysuria, worm infestation, diseases of the vegina, anemia, filariasis, anorexia, epilepsy, spleen diseases, obesity and hemorrhoids. 3.72.1: Apāmārga (Achyranthes aspera) अपामार्ग अपामार्गस्तु शिखरीह्यघःश्ल्यो मयूरकः । मर्कटी दुर्ग्रहा चापि किणिही खरमञ्जरी ।। २१७ ।। अपपामार्गः सरस्तीक्षो दीपनस्तिक्तकः कटुः । पाचनोरोचनश्छर्दिकफमेदोनिलापहः । निहन्ति हृद्रुजाघ्मान (अर्शः) कण्डुशूलोदरापचीः ।। २१८ ।। Synonyms: Adhaḥśalya, Durgrāha, Kharamañjarī, Kiṇihī, Markaṭī Mayūraka and śikharī. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Property): Tīkṣṇa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Laxative, appetizer and digestive. Therapeutics: Vomiting, obesity, heart ailments, tympanites, hemorrhoids, pruritis, colic, abdominal diseases and cerical adenitis. 3.72.2: Red variety of Apāmārga (Achyranthes bidentata) रक्त अपामार्गः रक्तोsन्यो वशिरो वृत्तफलो धार्मार्गवोsपि च । प्रत्यक्पर्णी केशपर्णी कथिता कपिपिप्पली ।। अपामार्गोsरुणोवातविष्टम्भी कफहृद्धिमः । रूक्षःपूर्वगुणैर्न्यूनः कथितोगुणवेदिभिः ।। २२० ।। अपामार्गफलं स्वादु रसे पाके च दुर्जरम् । विष्टम्भि वातलं रूक्षं रक्तपित्तप्रसादनम् ।। २२१ ।। Synonyms: Dhamārgava, Kapipippalī, Keśaparṇī, Pratyakparṇī, Vaśira and Vṛttaphala. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Note: It is inferior in medicinal properties as compared to Apamarga (Achyranthes aspera). 3.72.3: Fruit of Apāmārga Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Property): Rūkṣa. Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta. Therapeutics: Epistaxis. Note: It disturbs digestion. 3.73: Kokilākṣa (Asteracantha longifolia) कोकिलाक्षः (तालमखाना) कोकिलाक्षस्तु काकेक्षुरिक्षुर क्षुरकः क्षुरः । भिक्षुः काण्डेक्षुरप्युक्त इक्षुगन्धेक्षुबालिका ।। २२४ ।। क्षुरकःशीतलोवृष्य स्वाद्वम्लः पिच्छिलस्तथा । तिक्तोवातामशोथाश्मतृष्णादृष्ट्यनिलास्त्रजित् ।। १२५ ।। Synonyms: Bhikṣu, Ikṣugandhā, Ikṣura, Ikṣuvālikā, Kākekṣu, Kāṇdeskṣu, Kṣura and Kṣuraka. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) Amla (Sour) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light) and Pichila. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action: Aphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Indigestion, oedema, calculus, thirst, eye diseases and gout. 3.73.1: Asthisa*hāra (Cissus quadrangularis) अस्थिसंहारकः ग्रन्थिमानस्थिसंहारी वज्राङ्गीsवास्थिश्रृंखला ।। २२६ ।। अस्थिसंहारकःप्रोक्तो वातश्लेष्मरोsस्थियुक् । उष्णः सरः कृमिघ्नश्च दुर्नामघ्नोsक्षिरोगजित् ।। २२७ ।। रूक्षःस्वादुर्लघुवृष्यः पाचनः पित्तलः स्मृतः । भिषग्वरैर्यथनाम फलञ्चापि प्रकीर्तितम् ।। २२८ ।। काण्डंत्वग्विरहितमस्थि श्रृंखलायाः माषार्द्रं द्विदलमकञ्चुकं तदर्द्धम् । सुंपिष्टं वतनु ततस्तिलस्य तैले सम्पक्वं वटकमतीव वातहारि ।। २२९ ।। Synonyms: Asthisa*hārī, Asthisṛaṅkhalā, Granthimāna and Vajrāṅgī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) Amla (Sour) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta but aggravates Pitta. Action: Digestive, laxative and aphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Fractures and eye diseases. 3.73.2: Preparation of Pill of Asthisa*āra महाजालनी महाजालनिका चर्मरङ्गः स्यान्नीलपुष्पिका । आवर्तकीतिंदुकिनी विभाण्डी रक्तपुष्पिका ।। २३० ।। महाजालनिका तिक्ता रेचनी कफपित्तजित् । हन्ति दाहोदरानाहशोफकुष्ठकफज्वरान् ।। २३१ ।। Method: Pill is perpared from bark of the tree and pulse of Uṇada (Black gram) and processing them in Tila taila. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta 3.74: Kumārī (Aloe vera) घृतकुमारी कुमारी गृहकन्या च कन्या घृतकुमारिका । कुमारी भेदनी शीता तिक्ता नेत्र्या रसायनी ।। २३२ ।। मधुराबृंहणी बल्या वृष्या वातविषप्रणुत् । गुल्मप्लीहयकृद्वृद्धिकफज्वरहरी हरेत् ।। २३३ ।। गन्थ्यग्निदग्धविस्फोटपित्तरक्तत्वगामयान् । Synonyms: Ghṛtakumārikā, Gṛhakanyā, Kanyā and Kumārī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Laxative, tonic, anabolic and aphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Eye diseases, poisoning, abdominal tumor, spleen diseases, hepatomegaly or enlarged liver, fever caused by vitiation of Kapha, burns, eruptions, blood diseases and skin diseases. 3.75.1: White veriety of Punarnavā (Trianthema portulacastrum) श्वेतपुनर्नवा पुनर्नवा श्वेतमूला शोथघ्नी दीर्धापत्रिका ।। २३४ ।। कटुः कषायानुरसा पाण्डूघ्नी दीपनी परा । शोफनिलगरश्लेष्महरी ब्रघ्नोदरप्रणुत् ।। २३५ ।। Synonyms: Dīrghapatrikā, śothaghanī and śvetamūlā. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer. Theraputics: Anaemia, oedema, poisoning, hernia and abdominal diseases. 3.75.2: Red variety of Punarnavā (Boerhaavia diffusa) रक्त - पुष्पा पुनर्नवा पुनर्नवापरा रक्ता रक्तपुष्पा शिलाटिका । शोथघ्नी क्षुद्रवर्षाभूर्वृषकेतुः कठिल्लिका ।। २३६ ।। पुनर्नवारुण तिक्ता कटुपाकाहिमा लघुः । वातला ग्राहिणी श्लेष्मपित्तरक्तविनाशिनी ।। २३७ ।। Synonyms: Kaṭhillaka, Kṣudravarṣābhu, Raktapunarnavā, Raktapuṣpā, śilāṭikā, śothaghanī and Vṛṣaketu. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action: Antidiarrhoeal. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. 3.76: Gandhaprasāriṇī (Paederia foetida) एलायक एलायकः कृष्णबालः कुमारीसारतोद्भवः ।। २३८ ।। गन्धप्रसारिणी प्रसारिणी राजबला भद्रपर्णी प्रतानिनी । सरणी सारणी भद्रा बला चापि कटंभरा ।। २३९ ।। प्रसारिणी गुरुर्वृष्या बलसंधानकृत्सरा । वीर्य्योष्णा वातह्यत्तिक्ता वातरक्तकफापहा ।। २४० ।। Synonyms: Balā, Bhadrā, Bhadraparṇī, Kaṭambharā, Prasāriṇī, Prtāninī, Rajbalā, Saraṇī and Sāraṇī. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) Guṇa (Property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Tonic, aphrodisiac, laxative and promotes union of fractures. Therapeutics: Gout. 3.77.1: Black variety of Sāriva (Cryptolepis buchanani) सारिवा (श्वेत व कृष्ण ) द्वय कृष्णा तु सारिवा श्यामा गोपी गोपवधूश्च सा । धवला सारिवागोपी गोप गोपकन्या च शारी ।। स्फोटा श्यामा गोपवल्ली लतास्फोता च चंदना । सारिवायुगलं स्वादु स्निग्धाशुक्रकरं गुरु ।। २४१ ।। अग्निमान्द्यारुचिश्वासकासामविषनाशनम् । दोषत्रयास्त्रप्रदरज्वरातीसारनाशनम् ।। २४२ ।। Description: The leaves of Kṛṣṇasārivā are similar to Jambula and are aromatic. Synonyms: Gopī, Gopavadhāū, Kalaghaṇṭikā, śārivā and śyāmā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Anorexia, asthma, cough, indigestion, poisoning, uterine bleeding, fever and diarrhoea. 3.77.2: White variety of Sārivā (Hemidesmus indicus) Description: It is a twiner. The leaves of śvetasārivā are similar to Jambula and abound in milky juice. Synonyms: Asphoṭā, Cañdana, Dhavalasārivā, Gopā, Gopakanyā, Gopavallī, Kṛśodarī, Latā, Saphoṭa, śārivā and Syāmā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Anorexia, asthma, cough, indigestion, poisoning, uterine bleeding, fever and diarrhoea. 3.78: Bhrngraja (Eclipa alba) भृङ्गराजः भृङ्गराजो भृङ्गरजो मार्कवो भृङ्ग एव च ।। २४४ ।। अङ्गारकः केशराजो भृङ्गारः केशरञ्जनः । भृङ्गारः कटुकस्तिक्तो रूक्षोष्णः कफवातनुत् ।। केश्यस्त्वच्यः कृमिश्वासकासशोथामपाण्डुनुत् । दन्त्यो रसायनो बल्यः कुष्ठनेत्रशिरोर्तिनुत् ।। २४५ ।। Synonyms: Aṅgāraka, Bṛṅga, Bhṛngāra, Keśrāja, Keśaraṅjana and Mārkava. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Property): Rūkṣa. and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Alterative and tonic. Therapeutics: Diseases of the skin, hair and teeth, worm infestation, asthma, cough, edema, indigestion, anemia, eye ailments and headache. 3.79: Śaṇapuṣpī (Crotolaria jucea) शणपुष्पी शणपुष्पी स्मृता घण्टारवा शणसमाकृतिः । शणपुष्पी कटुस्तिक्ता वामनी कफपित्तजित् ।। २४६ ।। Synonyms: Ghaṇṭā and śaṇapuṣpasamākrti, śaṇapuṣpī, śaṇapuṣpī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Emetic. 3.80: Trāyamāṇa (Gentiana Kurroa) त्रायमाण बलभद्रा त्रायमाणा त्रायन्तो गिरिसानुजा ।। २४७ ।। त्रायन्ती तुवरा तिक्ता सरा पित्तकफापहा । ज्वरहृद्रोगगुल्मार्शोभ्रमशूलविषप्रणुत् ।। २४८ ।। Synonyms: Anujā, Balabhadrā, Girijā and Trāyantī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Laxative. Therapeutics: Fever, heart ailments, abdominal tumor, hemorrhoids, vertigo, colic and poisoning. 3.81: Mūrvā (Marsdenia tenacissima) मूर्वा मूर्वा मधुरसा देवी मोरटा तेजनी स्त्रुवा । मधूलिका मधूलिका मधुश्रेणी गोकर्णी पीलुपर्ण्यपि ।। २४९ ।। मूर्वा सरा गुरुः स्वादुस्तिक्ता पित्तास्त्रमेहनुत् । त्रिदोषो तृष्णाहृद्रोग कण्डूकुष्ठज्वरापहा ।। २५० ।। Synonyms: Devī, Gokarṇī, Madhūlikā, Madhurasā, Madhuśreṇī, Moraṭā, Pīluparṇī Sruvā and Tejanī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Tikta (Pungent). Guṇa (Property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Laxative. Therapeutics: Epistaxis, polyuria, thirst, heart ailments, pruritis, skin diseases and fever. Drug of controversial origin. 3.82: Makoya (Solanum nigrum) काकमाची (मकोय) कायमाचीध्वांक्षमाची काकाह्वाचैव वायसी । काकमाची त्रिदोषघ्नी स्निग्धोष्णा स्वरशुक्रदा ।। २५१ ।। तिक्ता रसायनी शोथकुष्ठार्शोज्वरमेहजित् । फटुनेत्रहिता हिक्काछर्दिहृद्रोगनाशिनी ।। २५२ ।। Synonyms: Dhvāṅkṣāmācī, Kākāhvā, Kākamācī and Vāyasī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Pungent). Guṇa (Property): Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta Pitta and Kapha. Action: Spermopistic and tonic. Therapeutics: Hoarseness of voice, eye diseases, oedema, skin diseases, hemorrhoids, fever, polyuria, hiccough, vomiting and heart ailments. 3.83: Kākanāsā (Asclepias curassavica?) काकनासा (कौआठोडी) काकनासा तु काकाङ्गी काकतुण्डफला च सा । काकनासा कषायोष्णा कटुका रसपाकयो कफघ्नी वामनी तिक्ता शोथार्शः श्वित्रकुष्ठहृत् ।। २५३ ।। Synonyms: Kākāṅgī and Kākatuṇḍaphalā. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent), Tikta (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Property): Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Emetic. Therapeutics: Edema, hemorrhoids and leucoderma. Drug of controversial origin. 3.84: Kākajañghā (Leea hirta) काकजंघा काकजंघा नदीकान्ता काकतिक्ता सुलोमशा । पारावतपदी दासी काका चापि प्रकीर्तिता ।। २५४ ।। काकजंघा हिमा तिक्ता कषाया कफपित्तजित् । निहन्ति ज्वरकुष्ठास्त्रक्रिमिण्डु विषप्रणुत् ।। २५५ ।। Synonyms: Dāsī, Kākā, Kākatiktā, Nadīkāntā, Pārāvatapadī and Sulomaśā. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitt and Kapha. Therapeutics: Fever, epistaxis, ulcer, pruritis, poisoning and worm infestation. 3.85: Nāgapuṣpī नागपुष्पी नागपुष्पी श्वेतपुष्पा नागिनी रामदूतिका । नागिनी रेचनी तिक्ता तीक्ष्णोष्णा कफपित्तनुत् ।। २५६ ।। विनिहन्ति विषं शूलं योनिदोषवमिक्रिमीन् । Synonyms: Nāginī, Ramadūtikā and śvetapuṣpā. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Pungent). Guṇa (Property): Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer. Therapeuitcs: poisoning, colic, diseases of the vagina, vomiting and worm infestation. Botanical identity is not clear. 3.86.1: Meṣaṣṛīṅgī (Gymnema sylvestre) मेषश्रृंगी मेषश्रृंगी विषाणी स्यान्मेष वल्ल्याजश्रृंगिका ।। २५७ ।। मेषश्रृङ्गी रसे तिक्ता वातला श्वासकासहृत् । रूक्षा पाके कटुस्तिक्ता व्रणश्लेष्माक्षिशूलनुत् ।। २५८ ।। मेषश्रृङ्गीफलं तिक्तं कुष्ठमेहकफप्रणुत् । दीपनं स्त्रंसनं कासकृमिव्रणविषापहम् ।। २५९ ।। Synonyms: Ajaśṛṅgikā, Meṣavallī and Viṣāṇī. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Pungent). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Cough, asthma, ulcer and pain in the eye. 3.86.2: Fruit of Meṣaśṛṅgī हंसपदी हंसपादी हंसपदी कीटमाता त्रिपादिका । हंसपादी गुरुःशीता हन्ति रक्तविषव्रणान् । विसर्पदाहातीसारलूताभूताग्निरोहिणीः ।। २६० ।। Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Pungent). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action: Appetizer and laxative. Therapeutics: Polyuria, cough, worm infestation, ulcer and poisoning. 3.87: Ha*sapadī (Adiantum lunulatum) Synonyms: Kīṭamātā and Tripādikā. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Therapeutics: Diseases of the blood, poisoning, ulcer, erysipelas, burning sensation, diarrhoea, spider poisoning, microbial infections and eruptions. 3.88: Somalatā* (Sarcostemma brevistigmn) सोमलता सोलवल्ली सोमलता सोमक्षीरी द्विजप्रिया । सोमवल्ली त्रिदोषघ्नीकटुस्तिक्ता रसायनी ।। २६१ ।। Synonyms: Dvejapriyā, Somavallī and Somkṣīrī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Tonic. Botanical identity not clear. 3.89: ākāśavallī (Cuscuta reflexa) आकाशवल्ली आकाशवल्ली तु बुधैः कथितामरवल्लरी ।। २६२ ।। खवल्ली ग्राहिणी तिक्ता पिच्छिलाक्ष्यामयापहा । तुवराग्निकरी हृद्या पित्तश्लेष्मामनाशिनी ।। २६३ ।। Synonyms: Amaravallarī, Amaravallī and Kavallī. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Property): Ptcchila. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Actidiarrhoeal, appetizer, cardiac tonic. Therapeutics: Indigestion and eye ailments. 3.90: Pātālagaruḍī (Coculus vilosus) पातालगरुड़ी छिंलिहिण्टो महामूलः पातालगरुडाह्वयः । छिलहिण्टः परं वृष्यः कफघ्नः पवनापहः ।। २६४ ।। Synonyms: Chilihiṇṭa, Mahāmūlā and Pātālagaruḍa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac. 3.91: Vanḍā (Loranthus falcatus) वन्दा वन्दा वृक्षादनी वृक्षभक्ष्या च । बन्दाकः स्याद्धिमस्तिक्तः कषायो मधुरो रसे । माङ्गल्यः कफवातास्त्ररक्षोव्रणविषापहः ।। २६५ ।। Synonyms: Vandāka, Vṛkṣabhakṣyā, Vṛkṣādanī and Vṛkṣaruhā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Gout, microbial infestions, ulcer and poisoning. 3.92: Vaṭapatrī* (Laico Pedium) वटपत्री वटपत्री तु कथिता मोहिनी रेचनी बुध्रैः । वटपत्री कषायोष्णा योनिमूत्रगदापहा ।। २६६ ।। Synonyms: Erāvatī and Mohinī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Diseases of the vatina and urinary tract. * Botanical identity not clear. 3.93: Hiṅgupatrī* हिंगुपत्री हिंगुपत्री तु कवरी पृथ्वीका पृथुका पृथुः ।। २६७ ।। हिंगुपत्री भवद्रुच्या तीक्ष्णोष्णापाचनी कटुः । हृद्वस्तिरुग्विबन्धार्शःश्लेष्मगुल्मानिलापहा ।। २६८ ।। Synonyms: Kavarī, Pṛthavīkā, Pṛthukā and Pṛthu. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Property): Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer and digestive. Therapeuitcs: Diseases of the heart and urinary bladder, constipation, hemorrhoids and abdominal tumor. * Botanical identity not clear. 3.94: Va*śapatrī* (Gardinia Lucida) वंशपत्री वंशपत्री वेगुपत्री पिण्डा हिंगुशिवाटिका । हिंगुपत्रीगुणा विज्ञैर्वशपत्री च कीर्तिता ।। २६९ ।। Synonyms: Hiṅguśivāṭikā, Piṇḍā and Veṇupatrī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Property): Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer and digestive. Therapeuitcs: Diseases of the heart and urinary bladder, constipation, hemorrhoids and abdominal tumor. * Botanical identity not clear. 3.95: Matsyākṣī* मत्स्याक्षी मत्स्याक्षी वाह्लिका मत्स्यगन्धा मत्स्यादनीति च । मत्स्याक्षी ग्राहिणी शीता कुष्ठपित्त कफास्त्रजित् । लघुस्तिक्ता कषाया च स्वाद्वी कटुविपाकिनी ।। २७० ।। Synonyms: Vāhlikā, Matsyagandhā and Matsyādanī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Pungent). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Antidiarrhoeal. Therapeutics: Diseases of the skin and blood. *Botanical identity not clear. Proposed name is Alternanthera sessilis. 3.96: Saprākṣī* सर्पाक्षी सर्पाक्षी स्यातु गण्डाली तथा नाडीकपालकः । सर्पाक्षी कटुका तिक्ता सोष्णा कृमिनिकृन्तनी । वृश्चिकोन्दुरुसर्पाणां विषघ्नी व्रणरोपिणी ।। २७१ ।। Synonyms: Gaṇḍālī and Nāḍīkapālaka. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Pungent). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Therapeutics: Snake, rodent and scorpion poisoning. *Botanical identity not clear. Proposed nace is Polygonum plebejum. 3.97: śaṇkhapuṣpī* शंखपुष्पी शंखपुष्पी तुशं खाह्वा माङ्गल्यकुसुमापि च । शंखपुष्पी सरा मेध्या वृष्या मानसरोगहृत् ।। २७२ ।। रसायनी कषायोष्णा स्मृतिकान्तिबलाग्निदा । दोषापस्मारभूताश्रीकुष्ठक्रिमिविषप्रणुत् ।। २७३ ।। Synonyms: Maṅgalyakusuma and śaṅkhāhva. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Action: Laxative, aphrodisiac, nootropic, tonic and alterative. Therapeutics: Mental diseases, epilepsy, microbial infections, skin diseases, worm infestation and poisoning. *Botanical identity not clear. Proposed names are Convolvulus pluricaulis, Evolvulus alsinoides and Canscora decusata. 3.98: Arkapuṣī* Holestema Heedihi) अर्कपुष्पी अर्कपुष्पी क्रूरकर्मा पयस्या जलकामुका । अर्कपुष्पी कृमिश्लेष्ममेहपित्तविकारजित् ।। २७४ ।। Synonyms: Jalakāmukā, Krūrakarmā and Payasyā. Therapeutics: Worm infestation and polyuria. *Botanical identity not clear. Proposed name is Holostemma rheedianum. 3.99.1: Lajjālu (Mimosa pudica) लज्जालुः लज्जालुः स्याच्छमीपत्रा समङ्गा जलकर्णिका । रक्तपादी नमस्कारी नाम्ना खदिर केत्यपि ।। २७५ ।। लज्जालुः शीतला तिक्ता कषाया कफपित्तजित् । रक्तपित्तमतीसारयोनिरोगान्विनाशयेत् ।। २७६ ।। Synonyms: Jalakarṇikā, Khadirakā, Namaskārī, Raktapādī, Samaṅgā and śamīpatrā. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Epistaxis, diarrhoea and diseases of the vagina. 3.99.2: Alambuṣā* अलम्बुषा अलम्बुषा खरत्व क्च तथा मेदोगला स्मृत । अलम्बुषा लघुः स्वादुः कृमिपित्तकफापहा ।। २७७ ।। Synonyms: Kharatvak and Medogalā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Worm infestaion. *Botanical identity not clear. Proposed name is Biophytum sensitevum. 3.100: Dughdikā (Euphorbia hirta) दुग्धिका (दुद्धी) दुग्धिका स्वादुपर्णी स्यात्क्षीरा विक्षीरिणी तथा । दुग्धिकोषणागुरू रूक्षा वातलागर्भकारिणी ।। २७८ ।। स्वादुक्षीरा कटुस्तिक्ता सृष्टमूत्रमलापहा । स्वादुविष्टंभिनीृष्या कफकोष्ठाकृमिप्रणुत् ।। २७९ ।। Synonyms: Kśīrā, Svāduparṇī and Vikṣīriṇī. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Property): Gutu (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha aggravates Vāta. Actions: Aphrodisiac and diuretic. Therapeutics: Skin diseases and worm infestation. Note: It helps in defecation but disturbs digestion. 3.101: Bhūmyāmalaki (Phyllanthus niruri) भूम्यामलकः भूम्यामलकिका प्रोक्ता शिवा तामलकीति च । बहुपत्रा बहुफला बहुवीर्य्या जटापि च ।। २८० ।। मूधात्री वातकृत्तिक्ता कषाया मधुरा हिमा । पिपासाकासपित्तास्त्रकफकण्डुक्षतापहा ।। २८१ ।। Synonyms: Ajaṭā, Bahupatrā, Bahuphalā, Bahuvīryā, Bhūdhātrī, śivā and Tāmalakī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Property): Gutu (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha aggravates Vāta. Therapeutics: Thirst, cough, blood diseases, eczema and phthisis. 3.102.1: Brāhamī (Bacopa monnieri) ब्राह्नी ब्रह्नमण्डूकी च ब्राह्नीकपोतवंका च सोमवल्ली सरस्वती । मण्डूकपर्णी माण्डूकी त्वाष्ट्री दिव्या महौषधी ।। २८२ ।। ब्राह्नी हिमा सरा तिक्ता लघुर्मेध्या च शीतला । कषाया मधुरा स्वादुपाकायुष्या रसायनी ।। २८३ ।। स्वर्य्या स्मृतिप्रदा कुष्ठपाण्डुमेहास्त्रकासजित् । विषशोथज्वरहरी तद्वन्मण्डूकपर्णिका ।। २८४ ।। Synonyms: Kapotavaṅkā, Sarasvatī and Somavallī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Action: Laxatine, tonic and nootropic. Therapeutics: Skin diseases, anemia, polyuria, blood diseases, cough, poisoning, oedema and fever. 3.102.2: Maṇḍūkaparṇī (Centella asiatica) Synonyms: Divyā, Mahauṣadhi, Maṇḍūkī and Tvāṣtrī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Action: Laxative, tonic and nootropic. Therapeutics: Skin diseases, anemia, polyuria, blood diseases, cough, poisoning, oedema and fever. 3.103: Drona (Leucas cephalotes) गोमा (गूमा) द्रोणपुष्पी द्रोणा च द्रोणपुष्पी च फलेपुष्पा च कीर्तिता । द्रोणपुष्पी गुरुः स्वादू रूक्षोष्णा वातपित्तकृत् ।। २८५ ।। सतीक्ष्णा लवणा स्वादुपाका कट्वी च भेदनी । कफामकामलाशोथतमकश्वासजन्तुजित् ।। २८६ ।। Synonyms: Droṇapuṣpī and Phalepuṣpā. Rasa (Taste): Lavaṇa (Salt) and Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Property): Guru (Heavy), Rūkṣa and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Action: Laxative. Therapeutics: Indigestion, jaundice, oedema, bronchial asthma and worm infestation. 3.104.1: Suvarcalā* सुवर्चला (हुरहुर) सुवर्चला सूर्य्यभक्ता वरदा वदरापि च । सूर्य्यावर्ता रविप्रीताsपरा ब्रह्नसुदुर्लाभा ।। २८७ ।। सुवर्चला हिमा रूक्षा स्वादुपाका सरागुरुः । अपित्तला कटुः क्षारा विष्टम्भकफवातजित् ।। २८८ ।। अन्या तिक्ता कषायोष्णा सरा रूक्षा लघुः कटुः । निहन्ति कफपित्तास्त्रश्वासकासारुचिज्वरान् ।। विस्फोटकुष्ठमेहास्त्रयोनिरुक्कृमिपाण्डुताः ।। २९० ।। Synonyms: Raviprītā, Sūryyabhakatā, Sūryyāvartā, Vadra and Varadā. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha aggravates Pitta. Action: Laxative and alkaline. Note: It disturbs digestion. 3.104.2: Hurahura* Synonyms: Brahmasudurlabhā. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Laxative . Therapeutics: Epistaxis, asthma, cough, anorexia, fever, eruptions, skin diseases, polyuria, blood diseases, of the vegina and enemia. * Botanical identity of Suvarcalā and Hurhura is not clear. Today the above plants are considered to be Gynandropsis pentaphylla and Clemone viscosa. 3.105: Vandhyākarkoṭakī (Momordica dioica) वंध्याकर्कोटकी (बांझखेखसा) वन्ध्याकर्कोटकी देवी कन्या योगीश्वरीति च । नागारिर्नाग (नक्र) दमनी विषकण्टकिनी तथा ।। २९१ ।। वन्ध्याकर्कोटकी लघ्वी कफतुदव्रणशोधनी । सर्पदर्पहरी तीक्ष्णा विसर्प विषहारिणी ।। २९२ ।। Synonyms: Bandḥyākarkoṭakī Devī, Kanyā, Nāgari, Nakradamnī, Viṣakaṇṭakinī and yogeśavarī. Rasa (Taste): Lavaṇa (Salt) and Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light and Tīkṣṇa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Ulcer, snake poisoning and erysipelas. 3.106: Mārkaṇḍikā (Cassia angustifolia) मार्कण्डिका (भुईं खेखसा) मार्कण्डिका भूमिवल्ली मार्कण्डी मृदुरेचनी । मार्कण्डिका कुष्ठहरी ऊर्ध्वाधःकायशोधनी । विषदुर्गन्धकासध्नीगुल्मोदरविनाशिनी ।। २९३ ।। Synonyms: Bhūmivallī, Mārkaṇḍī and Mṛdurecanī. Action: Laxative. Therapeutics: Skin diseases, poisoning, halitosis, cough, abdominal tumor and abdominal diseases. 3.107.1: Devadālī (Luffa echinata) देवदाली (वंदाल) देवदाली तु वेणी स्यात्कर्कटी च गरागरी । देवताडो वृत्तकोशस्तथा जीमूत इत्यपि ।। २९४ ।। पीतापरा खरस्पर्शा विषघ्नी गरनाशिनी । देवदाली रसे तिक्ता कफार्शःशोफपाण्डुता । नाशयद्वामनी तिक्ता क्षयहिक्काकृमिज्वरान् ।। २९५ ।। देवदालीफलं तिक्तं कृमिश्लेष्मविनाशनम् । स्त्रंसनं गुल्मश्लूघ्नमर्शोघ्नं वातजित्परम् ।। २९६ ।। Synonyms: Devatāḍa, Jīmūta, Karkaṭī Veṇī and Vṛttakośa. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Property): Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Emetic. Therapeutics: Haemorrhoids oedema, anaemia, phthisis, hiccough, worm infestation and fever. 3.107.2: Yellow variety of Devadālī Synonyms: Garanāśinī, Kharasparsā and Visaghanī. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Property): Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Emetic. Therapeutics: Haemorrhoids oedema, anaemia, phthisis, hiccough, worm infestation and fever. 3.107.3: Fruit of Devadālī Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Property): Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Laxative. Therapeutics: Worm infestation, abdomonal tumor, colic and hemorrhoids. 3.108: Jalapippalī (Lippia nodiflora) जलपिप्पली जलपिप्पल्यभिहिता शारदी शकुलादनी । मत्स्यादनी मत्स्यगन्धा लाङ्गलीत्यपि कीर्तिता । जलपिप्पलिका हृद्य चक्षुष्या शुक्रला लघुः ।। २९७ ।। संग्राहिणी हिमा रूक्षा रक्तदाहव्रणापहा । कटुपाकरसा रुच्या कषाया वह्रिवर्द्धिनी ।। २९८ ।। Synonyms: Lāṅgalī, Matsyādanī, Matsyagandhā, śakulādanī and śārdī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Spermopiotic, appetizer, cardiac tonic and antidiarrhoeal. Therapeutics: Burning sensation, eye diseases, ulcer and blood diseases. 3.109: Gojihvā (Elephantopus scaber) गोजिह्वा (वनगोभी) गोजिह्वा गोजिका गोभी दार्विका खरपर्णिनी । गोजिह्वा वातला शीता ग्राहिणी कफपित्तनुत् । हृद्या प्रकेहकासास्रव्रणज्वरहरी लघुः । कोमला तुवरा तिक्ता स्वादुपाकरसा स्मृता ।। ३०० ।। Synonyms: Dāvrikā, Gojikā and Kharaparṇi. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta but aggravates Vāta. Action: Astringent, appetizer, cardiac tonic and antidiarrhoeal. Therapeutics: Polyuria, cough, blood diseases, ulcer and fever. 3.110: Nāgadamanī (Artimisia vulgoris) नागदमनी विज्ञेया नागदमनी बलामोटा विषापहा । नागपुष्पी नागपत्रा महायोगेश्वरीति च ।। ३०१ ।। बला मोटा कटुस्तिक्ता लघुः पित्तकफापहा । मूत्रकृच्छ्रव्रणान् रक्षो नाशयेज्जालगर्दभम् ।। ३०२ ।। सर्वग्रहप्रशमनी निःशेषविषनाशिनी । जयं सर्वत्र कुरुते धनदा सुमतिप्रदा ।। ३०३ ।। Synonyms: Bālāmoṭā, Mahāyageśvarī, Nāgapatrā, Nāgapuṣpī and Viṣāpahā Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṭu (Pungent. Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta. Therapeutics: Dyusria, ulcer, microbial infections, cellulites and poisoning, Botanical identity is not clear. 3.111: Vīrataru (Dicrostachys cinerea) वीरतरुः (वरवेल) वेल्लन्तरो जगति वीरतरुः प्रसिद्धः श्वेतासितारुणविलोहितनीलपुष्पः । स्याज्जातितुल्यकुसुमः शमिसूक्ष्मपत्रः स्यात्कण्टकी सकलदेशज एष वृक्षः ।। ३०४ ।। वेल्लन्तरो रसे पाके तिक्तस्तृष्णाकफापहः । मूत्राघाताश्मजिद् ग्राही योनिमूत्रानिलार्तिजित् ।। ३०५ ।। Description: The flowers of Vīrataru are similar to Camelī and are white, black, dark red and blue. Leaves are minute like those of Samī and are thorny. The plant is found in xerophytic habitat. Synonyms: Vellantara. Rasa (Taste) Tikta (Bitter). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Astingent. Therapeutics: Dysuria, calculus, diseases of the vegina, urinary tract diseases and pain of nervous origin. 3.112: Nakachikkanī (Centipeda orbicularis) छिक्कनी (नकछिकनी) छिक्कनी क्षवकृत्तीक्ष्णा छिविकका घ्राणदुःखदा ।। ३०६ ।। छिक्कनी कटुकारुच्या तीक्ष्णोष्णा वह्रिपित्तकृत् वातरक्तहरी कुष्ठकृमिवातकफापहा ।। ३०७ ।। Synonyms: Chikkanī, Chikkikā, Gharāṇaduḥkhadā, Kṣavakṛtta and Tīkṣṇa. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Property): Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha aggravates Pitta. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Gout, skin diseases and worm infestation. 3.113: Kukundara (Blumea lacera) कुकुन्दरः (कुकुरोंधा) कुकुन्दरस्ताम्रवूडः सूक्ष्मपत्री मृदुच्छदः ।। ३०८ ।। कुकुन्दरः कटुस्तिक्तो ज्वररक्तकफापहः । तन्मूलमार्द्रं निक्षिप्तं वदने मुखशोषहृत् ।। ३०९ ।। Synonyms: Mṛducchada, Sūkṣmapatra and Tāmracūḍa. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Property): Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Fever and blood diseases. Note: Fresh root if kept in mouth cures dryness of mouth. 3.114: Sudarśana (Crinum latifolium) सुदर्शन सुदर्शना सोमवल्ली चक्राह्वा मधुपर्णिका । सुदर्शना स्वादुरुष्णा कफशोफास्त्रवातजित् ।। ३१० ।। Synonyms: Cakrāhva, Madhuparṇikā and Somavallī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Oedema and gout. 3.115: ākhukarṇī (Ipomoea reniformis) आखुकर्णी आखुकर्णी त्वाखुकर्णपर्णिका भूदरीभाव ।। ३११ ।। आखुकर्णी कटुस्तिक्ता कषायाशीतला लघुः । विपाके कटुका मूत्रकफामयकृमिप्रणुत् ।। ३१२ ।। Synonyms: ākhukarṇī, Bhūdarībhavā and Parṇikā. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Worm infestation. 3.116: Mayurśikhā (Adiantum incisum) मयूरशिखा मयराह्व शिखा प्रोक्ता सहस्त्राहिमधुच्छदा । नीलकण्ठशिखा लघ्वी पित्तश्लेष्मातिसारजित् ।। ३२३ ।। Synonyms: Madhucchadā and Sahasrāha. Guṇa (Property): Laghu (Light. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Diarrhoea. Puṣpādivarga 4.1.1: Kamala (Nelumbium speciosum) कमल वा पुंसि पट्नं नलिनमर विन्दं महोत्पलम् । सहस्त्रपत्रं कमलं शतपत्रं कुशेशयम् ।। १ ।। पंकेरुहं तामरसं सारसं सरसोरुहम । बिसप्रसूनराजीवपुष्कराम्भोरुहाणि च ।। २ ।। कमलं शीतलं वर्ण्यं मधुरं कफपित्तजित् । तृष्णादाहास्त्र विस्फोट विषवीसर्पनाशनम् ।। ३ ।। विशेषतः स्त्रितं पट्नं पुण्डीकमितिस्मृतम् । रक्तं कोकनदं ज्ञेयं नीलमिन्दीवरं स्मृतम् ।। ४ ।। धवलं कमलं शीतं मधुरं कफपित्तजित् । तस्मादल्पगुणं किचिंदन्यद्रक्तोत्पलादिकम् ।। ५ ।। Synonyms: Ambhoruha, Arvinda, Bisaprasūna, Kuśeśaya, Mahotpala, Nalina, Paṅkaruha, Puṣkara, Rajīva, Sahastrapatra, Sarasa, Sarasoruha, śatapatra and Tāmarasa. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Alterative. Therapeutics: Thirst, burning sensation, blood diseases, eruptions, poisoning and erysipelas. 4.1.2 White variety of Kamala Synonyms: Puṇḍrīka. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. 4.1.3: Red varierty of Kamala Synonyms: Indivara. Note: It is considered inferior as compared to White variety (Puṇḍarika). 4.1.4: Padmini पट्निनी मूलनालदलोत्फुल्लफलैः समुदिता पुनः । पट्निनी प्रोच्यते प्रज्ञैर्बिसिन्यादिश्च सा स्मृत ।। ६ ।। पट्निनी शीतला गुर्वी मधुरा लवणा च सा । पित्तासृक्कफतुत्क्षुद्रा वातविष्टम्भकारिणी ।। ७ ।। Description: The entire plant of Kamala is known as Padminī. Synonyms: Bisinī, Kamalinī and Nalinī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Lavaṇa (Salt). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. 4.1.5: Tender leaves of Kamala Synonym: Sa*rtikā. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Therapeutics: Burning sensation, thirst, dysuria, rectal diseases and epistaxis. 4.1.6: Bījakosha (Ovary containing seeds) Synonym: Karṇikā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Thirst and blood diseases. 4.1.7: Inflorescence संवर्तिका संवर्तिका नवदलं बीजकोशस्तुकर्णिका । कञ्जल्कः केसरः प्रोक्तो मकरन्दो रसः स्मृतः ।। ८ ।। पट्ननालं मृणांल स्यात् तथा बिसमिति स्मृतम् । संवर्तिका हिमा तिक्ता कषाया दाहतृट्प्रणुत् । मूत्रकृच्छ्रं गदव्याधिरक्तपित्तविनाशिनी ।। ९ ।। Synonym: Kiñjalka. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac and astringent. therapeutics: Thirst, burning sensation, bleeding hemorrhoids, poisoning and edema. 4.1.8: Kamalanāla (Chief stalk of the plant) कर्णिका पट्नस्य कर्णिका तिक्ता कषाया मधुरा हिमा । मुखवैशट्नकृल्यघ्वी तृष्णासृक्कफपित्तनुत् ।। १० ।। Synonyms: Bisa and Mriṇāla. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac, galactagouge and astringent. Therapeutics: Burning sensation and blood diseases. 4.1.9: śālūka (Rhizome) किंजल्क (केशर) किंजल्कः शीतलोवृष्यः कषायो ग्राहकोsपि सः । कफपित्ततृषादाहरक्तार्शोविषशोथजित् ।। ११ ।। मृणाल के गुण मृणालं शीतलं वृष्यं पित्तदाहास्त्रजिद् गुरु ।। १२ ।। दुर्जरं स्वादुपाकं च स्तन्यानिलकफप्रदम् । संग्राहि मधुरं रूक्षं शालूकमपि तद्गुणम् ।। १३ ।। Synonyms: Bisa and Mṛṇāla. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac, galactagouge and astringent. Therapeutics: Burning sensation and blood diseases. 4.1.10: Sthalakamala स्थलकमलिनी पट्नचारिण्यतिचराsव्यथा पट्ना च शारदा । पट्नानुष्णा कटुस्तिक्ता कषाया कफवातजित् । मूत्रकृष्छ्रश्मशूलघ्नी श्वासकासविषापहा ।। १४ ।। Synonyms: Aticarā, Avyathā, Padmacāriṇi, Padmā and śāradā. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Dysuria, calculus, asthma, cough and poisoning. 4.2.1: Kumudinī (Nymphaea alba कुमुद श्वेतं कुवलयं प्रोक्तं कुुमुदं कैरवं तथा । कुमुदं पिच्छिलं स्निग्धं मधुरं ह्लादि शीतलम् ।। १५ ।। कुमुदिनी कुमुद्वती कैरविका तथा कुमुदिनीति च । सा तु मूलादिसर्वाङ्गरुदिता समुदिताबुधैः । पिट्नन्या ये गुणाः प्रोक्ताः कुमुदिन्या श्चते स्मृताः ।। १६ ।। Description: The entire plant of Kumuda is known as Kumudinī. Synonyms: Kairavikā and Kumudvatī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Lavaṇa (Salt). Guṇa (Physical property): Ruksha. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. 4.2.2: Red variety of Kumudini Synonyms: Hallaka, Kalhara, Raktsandyaka and Saugandhika. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Astringent. Note: It disturbs digestion. 4.3.1: Vāriparṇī (Pistia startiotes) वारिपर्णी व शैवाल वारिपर्णी कुम्भिका स्याद्वारिमूली खमूलिका । वारिपर्णी हिमा तिक्ता लघ्वी स्वाद्वी सराकटुः । दोषत्रयहरी रूक्षा शोणितज्वरशेषकृत् ।। १७ ।। शैवालं जलनीलीस्याच्छैवलं जलजं च तत् । शैवालं तुवरं तिक्तं मधुरं शीतलं लघु । स्निग्धं दाहतृषापित्तरक्तज्वरहरं परम् ।। १८ ।। Synonyms: Khamūlikā, Kumbhikā and Varimūlī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: (s): Laxtive. Note: It produces blood diseases, fever and consumption. 4.3.2: śaivāla (Ceratophyllum demersum) Synonyms: Jalaja, Jalanīlī and śaivāla. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Therapeutics: Burning sensation, thirst, blood diseases and fever. 4.4: śatapatrī (Rosa centifolia) शतपत्री (गुलाब) शतपत्री तरुण्युक्ता कर्णिका चारुकेशरा । महाकुमारी गन्धाढ्या लाक्षाकृष्णातिमञ्जुला ।। १९ ।। शतपत्री हिमा हृद्या ग्राहिणी शुक्रला लघुः । दोषत्रयास्त्रजिद्वर्ण्या कट्वी तिक्ता च पाचनी ।। २० ।। Synonyms: Atimañjulā, Cārukeśara, Gandhāḍhyā, Karṇikā, Lākṣapuṣpa, Mahākumārī and Taruṇī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Cardiac tonic, alterative, astringent, digestive and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. 4.5: Nevārī (Jasminum arborscens) अथ वासंती (नेवारी) नैपाली कथिता तज्झैः सप्तला नवमालिका वासन्ती लघ्वी तिक्ता दोषत्रयास्त्रजित् ।। २१ ।। Synonyms: Navamālikā, Naipālī and Saptalā. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. 4.6.1: Vārṣikī (Jasminum sambac) वार्षिका (बेला) श्रीपदी षट्पदानन्दा वार्षिकी मुक्तबन्धना । वार्षिकी शीतला लघ्वी तिक्ता दोषत्रयापहा कर्णांक्षिमुखरोगघ्नी तत्तैलं तद्गुणं स्मृतम् ।। २२ ।। Synonyms: Muktabandhanā, ṣaṭpadānandā, śrīpadī and Vārṣikī. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Diseases of the ear, eye and mouth. 4.62.2: Oil of Vārṣikī Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Diseases of the ear, eye and mouth. 4.7.1: Mālatī (Jasminum grandiflorum) मालती-स्वर्णजाती (चमेली) जातिर्जाती च सुमना मालती राजपुत्रिका । चेतिका हृद्यगन्धा च सा पीता स्वर्णं जातिका ।। २३ ।। जातीयुगं तिक्तमुष्णं तुवरं लघु दोषजित् । शिरोsक्षिमुखदन्तार्तिविषकुष्ठव्रणास्त्रजित् ।। २४ ।। Synonyms: Jātī, Sumanā, Rajaputrikā, Cetikā and Hṛdyagandhā. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Therapeutics: Diseases of the head, eye, mouth, teeth, poisoning, skin diseases and blood diseases. 4.7.2: Suvaraṇajātikā Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Therapeutics: Diseases of the head, eye, mouth, teeth, poisoning, skin diseases and blood diseases. 4.8.1: Jūhī (Jasminum auriculatum) यूथिका (जूही) यूथिका गणिकाम्बष्ठा पीता हेमपुष्पिका । यूथीयुगं हिमं तिक्तं कटुपाकरसं लघु ।। २५ ।। मधुरं तुवरं हृद्यं पित्तघ्नं कफवातलम् । व्रणास्त्रमुखदन्ताक्षिशिरोरोगविषापहम् ।। २६ ।। Synonyms: Ambaṣṭhā, Gaṇikā and Yūthikā. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Madhura (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta and Kapha. Action: Cardiac tonic. Therapeutics: Ulcer, diseases of the head, eye, mouth, teeth and poisoning 4.8.2 Hemapuṣpikā Synonyms: Ambaṣṭhā, Gaṇikā and yuthika. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Madhura (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta and Kapha. Action: Cardiac tonic. Therapeutics: Ulcer, diseases of the head, eye, mouth, teeth and poisoning. 4.9. Ca*pā (Michelia champaca) चंपक (चम्पा) चाम्पेयश्चम्पकः प्रोक्तो हेमपुष्पश्च स स्मृतः । एतस्य कलिका गन्धफलीति कथिता बुधैः ।। २७ ।। चम्पकः कटुकस्तिक्तः कषायो मधुरो हिमः । विषक्रिमिहरः कृच्छ्रः कफवातास्त्रपित्तजित् ।। २८ ।। Synonyms: Cā*peya and Hemapuṣpa. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter), Kaṣāya (Astringent) and Madhura (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: poisoning, worm infestation, dysuria and blood diseases. 4.10.1: Bakula (Mimusops elengi) बकुल (मोलश्री) बकुली मधुगन्धश्च सिंहकेसरकस्तथा । बकुलस्तुवरोनुष्णः कटुपाकरसो गुरुः ।। २९ ।। कफपित्तविषश्वित्रकृमिदन्तगदापहः । Synonyms: Madhusugandha and Si*hakesaraka. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Therapeutics: poisoning, leucoderma, worm infestation and dental diseases. 4.10.2: Vṛhatbakula बुहद्वकुल (बड़ी मौलश्री) शिवमल्ली पाशुपत एकाष्ठीलो बुको वसुः ।। ३० ।। बुकोsनुष्णः कटुस्तिक्तः कफपित्तविषापहः । योनिदोषतृषादाहकुष्ठशोथास्त्रनाशः ।। ३१ ।। Synonyms: Ekāṣṭhīla, Pāśupata, śivamallī, Vaka and Vasu. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: poisoning of vaginal origin, thirst, burning sensation, skin diseases, edema and blood diseases. Kadamba कदम्ब (Anthocephalus Kadamba) कदम्बः प्रियको नीपो वृत्तपुष्पो हलिप्रियः । कदम्बो मधुरः शीतः कषायो लवणो गुरुः ।। ३३ ।। सरो विष्टम्भकृद्रूक्षः कफस्तन्यानिलप्रदः । Synonyms: Halipriya, Nīpa, Priyaka and Vṛttapuṣpa. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Lavaṇa (Salt) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta. Action: Laxative and galactagouge. 4.12: Kūjā (Rosa moschata) कुब्जक (कूजा) कुब्जको भद्रतरणिर्बृहत्पुष्पोsतिकेशरः ।। ३३ ।। महासहा कण्टकाढ्या नीलाsलिकुलसंकुला । कुब्जकः सुरभिः स्वादुः कषायानुरसः ।। ३४ ।। त्रिदोषशमनो वृष्यः शीतहर्ताच स स्मृतः । Synonyms: Atikeśara, Bhadrataruṇi, Kaṇṭakādḥyā, Kubjaka, Mahāsahā, Nīlālā, Aikulasa*kulā and Vṛhatapuṣpā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Aromatic and aphrodisiac. 4.13: Mallikā (Jasminum Savebac) मल्लिका मल्लिका मदयन्ती च शीतभीरुश्च भूपदा ।। ३५ ।। मल्लिकोष्णा लघुर्वृष्या तिक्ता च कटुका हरेत् । वातपित्तास्यदृग्व्याधिकुष्ठारुचिविषव्रण न् ।। ३६ ।। Synonyms: Bhupadī, Madayantī and śītabhīru. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Aromatic and aphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Diseases of the mouth and eye, skin diseases, anorexia, poisoning and ulcer. 4.14: Mādhavī (Hiptage madablota) माधवी (वसंती) माधवी स्यात्तु वासान्ती पुण्ड्रिको मण्डकोsपि च । अतिमुक्तश्चाविमुक्तः कामुको भ्रमरोत्सवः माधवी मधुरा शीता लघ्वी दोषत्रयापहा ।। ३७ ।। Synonyms: Atimukta, Bhramarotsava, Kāmuka, Maṇḍaka, Puṇḍrika, Vāsanī and Vimukta. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. 4.15.1: Ketaka (Pandanus odaratissimus) केतक (केवड़ा) केतक सूचिका पुष्पो जम्बुकः क्रक्रचच्छद्रः ।। ३८ ।। सुवर्णकेतकी त्वन्या लघुपुष्पा सुगन्धिनी । केतकः कटुकः स्वादुर्लघुस्तिक्तः कफापहः ।। ३९ ।। उष्णास्तिक्तरसो ज्ञेयः चक्षुष्या हेमकेतकी । Synonyms: Jambuka, Krakracchada and Sūcikāpuṣpa. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. 4.15.2: Yellow variety of Ketaka Synonyms: Laghupuṣpa, Sugandhinī and Suvarṇaketakī. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Therapeutics: Diseases of the eye. 4.16: Ki*kirāta किंकिरात किंकिरातो हेमगौरः पीतकः पीतभद्रमः ।। ४० ।। किंकिरातो हिमस्तिक्तः कषायश्च हरेदसौ । कफपित्तपिपासास्त्रादाहशोषवमिकृमीन् ।। ४१ ।। Synonyms: Hemagaura, Pītaka and pitabhadraka. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta. Therapeutics: Thirst, blood diseases, burning sensation, consumption, vomiting and worm infestation. 4.17: Karṇikāra कर्णिकार कर्णिकारः परिव्याधः पादपोत्पल इत्यपि । कर्णिकारः कटुस्तिक्तस्तुवरःशोधना लघुः ।। ४२ ।। रञ्जनः सुखदः शोथश्लेष्मास्त्रव्रणकुष्ठजित् । Synonyms: Pādapotpala and Parivyādha. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent), Kaṣāya (Astringent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Edema, blood diseases, ulcer and skin diseases. 4.18: Aśoka (Saraca indica) अशोक ओशोको हेमपुष्पश्च वञ्जुलस्ताम्रपल्लवः ।। ४३ ।। कंकेलिः पिण्डपुष्पश्च गन्धपुष्पो नटस्तथा । अशोकः शीतलस्तिक्तो ग्राही वर्ण्यः कषायकः ।। दोषापचीतृषादाहकृमिशोथविषास्त्रजित् ।। ४४ ।। Synonyms: Gandhapuṣpa, Hemapuṣpa, Kañkeli, Naṭa, Pinḍapuṣpa, Tāmrapallava and Vañjula. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action: Astringent and alterative. Therapeutics: Cervacal adenitis, thirst, burning sensation, worm infestation, consumption, poisoning and blood diseases. 4.19: Amlāṭana बाणपुष्प अम्लातोsम्लाटनः प्रोक्तस्तथाम्लातक इत्यपि ।। ४५ कुरण्टको वर्णपुष्पः स एवोक्तो महासहः । अम्लाटनः कषायोष्णः स्निग्ध स्वादुश्च तिक्तः ।। ४६ ।। सैरेयक (कटसरैसा) सैरेयकः श्वेतपुष्पः सैरेयः कटसारिका । सहाचरः सहचरः स च भिन्द्यपि कत्यते ।। ४७ ।। कुरण्टको-म पोतेस्याद्रक्ते कुरबकः स्मृतः । नीले बाणाद्वयोरुक्तो दासी चार्त्तगलश्च सः ।। ४८ ।। सैरेयः कुष्ठवातस्त्रकफकण्डुविषाहः । तिक्तोष्णो मधुरो-नम्लः सुस्निग्धः केशरञ्जनः ।। ४९ ।। Synonyms: Amlāta, Amlātaka, Amlāṭana, Kuraṇṭaka and Varṇapuṣpa. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action: Astringent and alterative. Therapeutics: Cervacal adenitis, thirst, burning sensation, worm infestation, consumption, poisoning and blood diseases. 4.20.1: White variety of Saireyaka (Barleria prionitis) Synonyms: Bhiṇdi, Kaṭasārikā, Sahācara, Sahacara, Saireya and śvetapuṣa, saierayka. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Amla (Sour) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Skin diseases, gout, pruritis and poisoning. 4.20.2: Yellow variety of Saireyaka Synonyms: Kuraṇṭaka. 4.20.3: Red variety of Saireyaka Synonyms: Kurbaka. 4.20.4: Blue variety of Saireyaka (Barleria prionitis) Synonyms: ārtagala, Bāṇa Bāṇā and Dāsī. 4.21: Kunda (Jasminum pubescens) कुन्द कुन्दंतु कथितं मगध्यं सदापुष्पं च तत्स्मृतम् । कुन्दं शीतं लघु श्लेष्मशिरो ग्विषपितहृत् ।। ५० ।। Synonyms: Mādhya and Sadāpuṣpa. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Headache and poisoning. 4.22: Muchkunda (Pterospermum acerifolium) मुचुकुन्द मुचुकुन्दः क्षत्रवृक्षश्चित्रकः प्रतिविष्णुकः । मुचुकुन्दः शिरः पीडापित्तास्रविषनाशनः ।। ५१ ।। Synonyms: Citraka, Kṣatravṛkṣa and Prativiṣṇuka. Eddect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Therapeutics: Headache, blood diseases and poisoning. 4.23: Tilak तिलक तिलकः क्षुरः श्रीमान् परुषश्छिन्नपुष्पकः । तिलकः कटुकः पाके रसे चोष्णो रसायनः ।। ५२ ।। कफकुष्ठकृमीन् वस्तिमुखदन्तगदान् हरेत् । Synonyms: Chinnapuṣpaka, Kṣuraka, Puruṣa and śrīmāna. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Tonic. Therapeutics: Skin diseases, worm infestation and diseases of the urinary bladder, mouth and teeth. *Botanical identity is not clear. 4.24: Bandhujīva* बंधुजीव बन्धुको बन्धुजीवश्च रक्तो माध्याह्निकोsपि च । बन्धुकः कफकृद् ग्राही वातपित्तरो लघुः ।। ५३ ।। Synonyms: Bandhūka, Mādhyāhnika and Rakta. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Action: Astringent. *Botanical identity is not clear. 4.25.1: Japā (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) जपापुष्प (गुडहुल) (ओ) औण्ड्रपुष्पं जपा चाथ त्रिसन्ध्या साsरुणा सिता । जपा संग्राहिणी केश्या त्रीसन्ध्या कफवातहृत् ।। ५४ ।। Synonyms: Auṇdrapuṣpa. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: Hair diseases. 4.25.2: Trisandhyā Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. 4.26: Senduriyā (Bixa orellana) सिंदुरी (सेन्दुरिया) सिन्दूरी रक्तबीजा च रक्तपुष्पा सुकोमला ।। ५५ ।। सिन्दूरी विषपित्तास्रतृष्णावान्तिहरी हिमा । Synonyms: Raktabīja, Raktapuṣpā, Senduryā and Sukomalā. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Therapeutics: Poisoning, blood diseases, thirst and vomiting. 4.27: Munivṛkṣa (Sesbenia grandiflora) मुनिवृक्ष (आगस्त्य) अथागस्त्यो वङ्गसेनो मुनिपुष्पो मुनिद्रुमः ।। ५६ ।। अगस्त्यः पित्तकफजिच्चातुर्थिकहरो हिमः । रुक्षा वातकरस्तिक्तः प्रतिश्यायनिवारणः ।। ५७ ।। Synonyms: Agasitya, Agasitya, Agastya, Munidruma, Munipuṣpa and Vañgasena. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Therapeutics: Quotidian fever and rhinitis. 4.28: Tulasī (Ocimum sanctum) तुलसी शुक्ला, कृष्णा च तुलसी सुरसा ग्राम्या सुलभा बहुमंजरी । अपेतराक्षसी गौरी शूलघ्नी देवदुन्दुभिः ।। ५८ ।। तुलसी कटुका तिक्ता हृद्योष्णा दाहपित्तकृत् । दीपनी कुष्ठकृचछ्रास्रपार्श्वरुक्कफवातजित् । शुक्ला कृष्णा च तुलसी गुणैस्तुल्या प्रकीर्त्तिता । Synonyms: Apetarākṣasī, Bahumanjarī, śūlaghanī, Devadundubhi, Gaurī, Grāmyā, Sulabhā and Sursā. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Action: Cardiac tonic and appetizer. Therapeutics: Burning sensation, skin diseases, dysuria and blood diseases. 4.29: Marubaka (Origanum majorana) मरुबक (मरुवा) मारुतोsसौ मरुबको मरुन्मरुरपि स्मृतः ।। ६० ।। फगी फणीज्जकश्चापि प्रस्थपुष्पः समीरणः । मरुदग्निप्रदो हृद्यस्तीक्ष्णोष्णः पित्तलो लघुः ।। ६१ ।। वृश्चिकादि विषश्लेष्मवातकुष्ठकृमिप्रणुत् । कटुपाकरसो रुच्यस्तिक्तो रूक्षः सुग्न्धिकः ।। ६२ ।। Synonyms: Maru, Māruta, Phaṇī, phaṇijjaka, Prasthapuṣpa and Samīraṇa. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Action: Appetizer, aromatic and cardiac tonic. Therapeutics: Skin diseases, worm infestation and scorpion poisoning. 4.30: Damanaka (Artemisia vulgaris) दमनक (दवना) उक्तो दमनको दान्तो मुनिपुत्रस्तपोधनः । गन्धोत्कटो ब्रह्मजटो विनीतः कलपुत्रकः ।। ६३ ।। दमनस्तुवरस्तिक्तो हृद्योवृष्यः सुगन्धिकः । ग्रहणी विषकुष्ठास्रक्लेदकण्डूत्रिदोषजित् ।। ६४ ।। Synonyms: Brahmajaṭā, Damanaka, Dānta, Gandhotkaṭa, Kulaputraka, Muniputra and Tapodhana. Rasa (Taste): kaṭu (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Tikṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect):Kaṭu (Pungent). Action: Cardiac tonic, aromatic and aphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Poisoning, skin diseases and prupuritis. 4.31.1: Babrari (Ocimum basilicum) वर्वरी वर्वरी तुवरी तुङ्गी खरपुष्पाजकन्धिका । पर्णाश्स्तत्र कृष्णे तु कठिल्लककुठेरकौ ।। ६५ ।। तत्र शुक्लेsर्जकः प्रोक्तो वटपत्रस्ततोsपरः वर्वरीत्रितयं रूक्षं शीतं कटु विदाहि च ।। ६६ ।। तीक्षणं रुचिकरं हृद्यं दीपनं लघुपाकि च । पित्तलं कफवातास्रकण्डुक्रिविषापहम् ।। ६७ ।। इती पुष्पवर्गः । Synonyms: Ajagandhikā, Kharpuṣpā, Parṇāśa, Tuṅgī and Tuvarī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Action: Cardiac tonic and appetizer. Therapeutics: Blood diseases, eczema, worm infestation and poisoning. 4.31.2: Kṛīṣṇa puṣpa Barharī Synonyms: Kaṭhillaka and Kuṭheraka. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digegtion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Action: Cardiac tonic and appetizer. Therapeutics: Blood diseases, eczema, worm infestation and poisoning. 4.31.3: śveta puṣpa Barbarī Synonyms: Arjaka. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digegtion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Action: Cardiac tonic and appetizer. Therapeutics: Blood diseases, eczema, worm infestation and poisoning. 4.31.4: Vaṭapatra Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digegtion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Action: Cardiac tonic and appetizer. Therapeutics: Blood diseases, eczema, worm infestation and poisoning. CHATER 5 Vaṭādivarga वटादिर्गः 5.1: Vaṭa (Ficus bengalesis) वटस्य नामानि गुणाश्च वटो रक्तफलः श्रृङ्गी न्यग्रोधः स्कन्धजो ध्रुवः । क्षीरी वैश्रवणोवासो बहुपादो वनस्पति ।। १ ।। वटः शीतो गुरुर्ग्राही कफपित्तव्रणापहः । वर्ण्यो विसर्पदाहघ्नः कषायो योनिदोषहृत् ।। २ ।। Synonyms: Bahapādā, Dhruva, Kṣīrāī, Vyagrdha, Raktapalā, śṛīṅgī, Skandhaja, Vanaspati, Vāsā and Vaiśravaṇa. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Alterative and astringent. Therapeutics: Ulcer, erysipelas, burning sensation and diseases of the vagina. 5.2: Pippalī पिप्पली (पीपल) बोधिद्रः पिप्पलोsश्वत्थश्चलपत्रो गजाशनः । पिप्पलो दुर्जरः शीतः पित्तश्लेष्मव्रणास्रजित् । गुरुस्तुवरको रूक्षो वणर्यो योनिविशोधनः ।। ३ ।। Synonyms: Aśvattha, Bodhidru, Calapatra and Gajāna. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Alterative and astringent. Therapeutics: Ulcer and diseases of blood and vagina. Note: It is difficult to digest. 5.3: pārasa Pīpala (Thespesia populnea) पिप्पल भेद (पारस पीपल) पारीषोन्यः पलाशश्च कपिचूतः कमण्डलुः । गर्दभाण्डः गर्दभाण्डः कन्दरालः कपीतनसुपार्श्वकौ ।। ३ ।। पारीषो दुर्जरः कृमिशुक्रकफप्रदः । फलेsम्लो मधुरो मूल कषायः स्वादुमज्जकः ।। ४ ।। Synonyms: Garadabhāṇḍa, Kamaṇḍalu, Kandarāla, Kapicūta, Kapitana, Palāśa and Supārśvaka. Rasa (Taste): Fruit is Amla (Sour), root is Madhrua (Sweet) and fruit pulp is Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Snigdha Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and but aggravates Kapha. Action (s): Spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Worm infestation. Note: It is difficult to digest. 5.4: Nandīvṛkṣa (Ficus retusa) नन्दीवृक्ष (वेलिया पीपरा) नन्दीवृक्षोsश्वत्थभेदः प्ररोही गजपादपः । स्थालीवृक्षः क्षयतरुः क्षीरी च स्याद्वनस्पतिः ।। ६ ।। नन्दीवृक्षो लघुः स्वादुस्तिक्तस्तुवर उष्णकः । कटुपाकरसो ग्राही विषपित्तकफास्रजित् ।। ७ ।। Synonyms: Aśvatthabheda, Gajapādapa, Kṣayataru, Kṣīrī, Sthāli*ṛkṣa and Vanaspati. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Astringent. Therapeutics: Poisoning and blood diseases. 5.5: Udumbara (Ficus glomerata) उदुम्बर (गुलर) उदुम्बरो जन्तुफलो यज्ञाङ्गो हेमदुग्धकः ।। ८ ।। उदुम्बरो हिमो रूक्षो गुरुः पित्तकफास्रजित् । मधुरस्तुवरो वर्ण्यो वणशोधनरोपणः ।। ९ ।। Synonyms: Hemadughadaka, Jantuphala and Yajñāṅga. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Alterative and vulnerary. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. 5.6: Kākodumbarikā (Ficus hispida) जघनेफला (कठूमर) काकोदुम्बरिका फलगुर्मलयूर्जघनेफला । मलयुस्तम्भकृत्तिक्ता शीतल तुवरा जयेत् । कफपित्तव्रणश्वित्रकुष्ठपाण्ड्वर्शकामलाः ।। १० ।। Synonyms: Jaghanephalā, Malayū and Phalgu. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Ulcer, leucoderma, anemia, hemorrhoids and jaundice. 5.7: Plakṣa (Ficus infectoria) प्लक्ष (पाखर) प्लक्षो जटी पर्करी च पर्कटी च स्त्रियामपि ।।११ ।। प्लक्षः कषायः शिशिरो व्रणयोनिगदापहः । दाहपित्तकफास्रघ्नं शोथहा रक्तपित्तहृत् ।। १२ ।। Synonyms: Jaṭī, Parkarṭī and Parkarī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Ulcer, diseases of the vagina, burning syndrome, blood diseases, edema and epistaxis. 5.8: śirīṣa (Albizia lebbeck) शिरीष शिरीषो भण्डिलो भण्डी भण्डीरश्च कपीतनः । शुक्रपुष्पः शुकतरुर्मृदृपुष्पः शुकप्रियः ।। १३ ।। शिरीषो मधुरोsनुष्णस्तिक्तश्च तुवरो लघुः । दोषशोषविसर्पघ्नऋ कासव्रणविषापहः ।। १४ ।। Synonyms: Bhaṇdī, Bhaṇḍila, Bhaṇḍīra, Kapītana, Mṛdupuṣpa, (Astringent). Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Oedema, erysipelas, cough, ulcer and poisoning. 5.9.1: Kṣīri Vṛkṣa क्षीरिवृक्षपंचवल्कलयोर्लक्षणं गुणाश्च न्यग्रोधोदुम्बराश्वत्थपारिषप्लक्षपादपाः । पंचैतो क्षीरिणो वृक्षास्तेषां त्वक् पञ्चवल्कलम् ।। १५ ।। केचित्तु पारिषस्थाने शिरीषं वेतसं परे । क्षीरिवृक्षा हिमा वर्ण्या योनिरोगव्रणापहाः रूक्षाः कषाया मेदोघ्ना विसर्पामयनाशनाः ।। १६ ।। शोथपित्तकफास्रघ्नाः स्तन्या भग्नास्थियोजकाः त्वक्पञ्चकं हिमं ग्राहि व्रणशोथविसर्पजित् ।। १७ ।। तेषां पत्रं हिमं ग्राहि कफवातास्रनुल्लघुः । विष्टम्भाघ्मानजित्तिक्तं कषायं लघु लेखनम् ।। १८ ।। Ingredients: Vaṭa (Ficus bengalensis), Udumbara (Ficus glomerata), Pīpala (Ficus infectoria). Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Alterative and galactagouge. Therapeutics: Fractures, diseases of the vagina, ulcer, obesity, erysipelas, edema and blood diseases. 5.9.2: Pañcavalkala (Barks of Kṣīrī Vṛkṣa) Ingredients Bark of Vāta (Ficus bengalensis), Udumbara (Ficus glomerata), Pīpala (Ficus religiosa), parīṣa Pīpala (Thespesia populnea) and Plaska (Ficus infectoria). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: Ulcer, oedema, erysipelas. 5.9.3: Leaves of Kṣīrī Vṛkṣa Ingredients: Leaves of Vāta (Ficus bengalensis), Udumbara (Ficus glomerata), Pīpala (Ficus religiosa), Pīrīṣa Pīpala (Thespesia populnea) and Plakṣa (Ficus infectoria). Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, and Kapha. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: Obesity, blood diseases and tympanites. 5.10: śāla (Shorea robusta) शाल (शाखू) शालस्तु सर्जकार्श्याश्वकर्णिकाः शस्यशम्बरः ।। १९ ।। अश्वकर्णः कषायः स्याद् व्रणस्वेदकफक्रिमीन् । ब्रघ्नविद्रधिबाधिर्ययोनिकर्णगदान्हरेत् ।। २० ।। Synonyms : Aśvakarṇaka, Kārśya, Sarija and śasyaśambara. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Ulcerm hyperhidrosis, hernia, abscess, deafness, vaginal diseases and diseases of the ear. 5.11: Sarjaka (Vateria indica) शालभेद (सर्जक) सर्जकोsजकर्णः स्याच्छालो मरिचपत्रकः । अजकर्णः कटुस्तिक्तः कषायोष्णो व्यपोहति । कफपाण्डुश्रुतिगदान्मेहकुष्ठविषव्रणान् ।। २१ ।। Synonyms: Ajkarṇa,Maricapatraka and śāla. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Anaemia, ear diseases, polyuria, skin diseases, poisoning and ulcer. 5.12: śalakī (Bosewellia serrata) शल्लकी (सलाई) शल्लकी गजभक्ष्या च सुबहा सुरभी रसा । महेरुणा कुन्दुरुकी वल्लकी च बहुस्रवा ।। २२ ।। शल्लकी तुवरा शीता पित्तश्लेष्मातिसारजित् । रक्तपित्तव्रणाहरी पुष्टिकृत्समुदीरिता ।। २३ ।। Synonyms: Bahesravā, Gajabhakṣyā, Kundurukī, Maheruṇā, Rasā, Subahā, Surabhī and śallakī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Nutritive. Therapeutics: Diarrhoea, epistaxis and ulcer. 5.13.1: śi*śipā (Dalbergia sisoo) शिंशिपा (शीशम) शिंशपा पिच्छिला श्यामा कृष्णसारा च सा गुरुः । कपिला सैव मुनिभिर्भस्मगर्भेति कीर्त्तिता । शिंशिपा कटुका तिक्ता कषाया शोथहारिणी ।। २४ ।। उष्णविर्य्या हरेन्मेदः कुष्ठश्वित्रवमीक्रिमीन् । वस्तिरुग्व्रणदाहास्रबलासान् गर्भपातिनी ।। २५ ।। Synonyms: Kṛṣṇasāra, Picchilā and śyāmā. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Abortifacient. Therapeutics: Consumption, obesity, skin diseases, leucoderma, vomiting, worm infestation, diseases of the urinary bladder, ulcer, burning syndrome and blood diseases. 5.13.2: Bhasamagarbha Description: śi*śipā having heavy texture and brown colour. 5.14: Kakubha (Terminalia arjuna) अर्जुनाख्य (कोह) ककुभोsर्जुननामाsख्यो नदीसर्जश्च कीर्तितः । इन्द्रद्रुर्वीरवृक्षश्च वीरश्चधवलः स्मृतः ।। २६ ।। ककुभः शीतलो हृद्यः क्षतक्षयविषास्रजित् । मेदोमेहव्रणान् हन्ति तुवरः कफपित्तहृत् ।। २७ ।। Synonyms: Arjunam Dhavala, Indradru, Naḍīsarja, Vīrā and Vīravṛkṣa. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣaya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Cardiac tonic. Therapeutics: Consumption, phthisis, poisoning, blood diseases, obesity, polyuria ad ulcer. 5.15: Bījaka (pterocarpus marsupium) बीजक (विजयसार) बीजकः पीतसारश्च पीतशालक इत्यपि । बन्धूकपुष्पः प्रियकः सर्जकश्चासनः स्मृतः ।। २८ ।। बीजकः कुष्ठवीसर्पश्वित्रमेहगुदक्रिमीन् । हन्ति श्लेष्मास्रपित्तं च त्वच्यः केश्यो रसायनः ।। २९ ।। Synonyms: Asana, Bandhūkapuṣpa, Bījaka, Pītaśāra, Pītaśālaka, Priyaka and Sarjaka. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Tonic. Therapeutics: Skin diseases, hair diseases, skin diseases, erysipelas, leucoderma, polyuria, roundworm, blood diseases and epistaxis. 5.16: Khadira (Acacia catechu) खदिर (खैर) खदिरो रक्तसारश्च गायत्री दन्तधावनः । कण्टकी बालपत्रश्च बहुशल्यश्च यज्ञियः ।। ३० ।। खदिरः शीतलो दन्त्यः कण्डुकासारुचिप्रणुत् ।। ३१ ।। तिक्तः कषायो मेदोघ्नः कृमिमेहज्वरव्रणान् । श्वित्रशोथामपित्तास्रपांडुकुष्ठकफान् हरेत् ।। ३२ ।। Synonyms: Bahuśalya, Bālapatra, Dantadhāvana, Gāyatrī, Kaṇṭakī, Raktasāra and Yajñiya. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Dentifrice. Therapeutics: Pruritis, cough, anorexia, obesity, worm infestation, polyuria, fever, ulcer, leucoderma, indigestion, blood diseases, anemia and skin diseases. 5.17: śveta Khadira (Acacia suma) श्वेतखदिर (पपरिया कत्था) खदिरः श्वेतसारोsन्यः कदरः सोमवल्कलः । कदरो विशदो वर्ण्यो मुखरोगकफास्रजित् ।। ३३ ।। Synonyms: Kadara, śvetasāra and Somavalkala. Guṇa (Physical property): Vishada. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Diseases of the throat and blood.. 5.18: Irimeda (Acacia farnesiana) इरिमेद इरिमेदो विट्खदिरः कालस्कन्धोsरिमेदकः । इरिमेदः कषायोष्णो मुखदन्तगदास्रजित् । हन्ति कण्डुविषलेष्मकृष्ठविषव्रणान् ।। ३४ ।। Synonyms: Erimeda, Kalaskandha and Viṭkhadira Arimedaka. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣaya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Dentifrice. Therapeutics: Diseases of the mouth and teeth, blood diseases, pruritis, poisoning, worm infestation, skin diseases and ulcer. 5.19: Rohītaka (Tecomella undulata) रोहीतक रोहीतको रोहितको रोही दाडिमपुष्पकः । रोहीतकः प्लीहघाती रुच्यो रक्तप्रसादनः ।। ३५ ।। Synonyms: Dāḍimapuṣpaka and Rohī. Action: Alterative and appetizer. Therapeutics: Enlarged spleen. 5.20: Babbūla (Acacia arabica) बब्बूल (बबूर) बब्बलः किंकिरातः स्यात्किंकिराटः स्पीतकः ।। ३६ ।। स एव कथितस्तज्ज्ञैरोभा ष्ट्पदमोदिनी । बब्बूलः कफनुद्ग्राही कुष्ठक्रिमविषापहः ।। ३७ ।। Synonyms: ābhā ṣaṭapadmodinī, Kiṅkirāta and Sapītaka. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: Skin diseases, worm infestation and poisoning. 5.21: Ariṣṭaka (Sanindus trifoliatus) अरिष्टक (रीठा) अरीष्टकस्तु मङ्गल्यः कृष्णवर्णोsर्थसाधनः । रक्तबीजः पीतफेनः फेनिलो गर्भपातनः । अरीष्टकस्त्रिदोघ्नो ग्रहजित् गर्भपातनः ।। ३८ ।। Synonyms: Ariṣṭaka, Garbhapātaṇa, Maṅgalya, Pītaphena, Phenila and Raktabīja. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Abortifacient. Therapeutics: Microbial infections. 5.22: Putrajīva (Putranjiva roxburghii) गर्भकर (पितौजिया) पुत्रजीवो गर्भकरो यष्टीपुष्पोsर्थसाधकः ।। ३९ ।। पुत्रजीवो गुरुर्वृष्यो गर्भदः श्लेष्मवातहृत् । सृष्टमूत्रमलो रूक्षो हिमः स्वादुः पटुः कटुः ।। ४० ।। Synonyms: Arthasādhaka, Garibhakara and Yaśṭīpuṣpa. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac and diuretic. Therapeutics: Helps in conception. 5.23: Iṅguda (Balanites roxburghii) इंगुदी (हिंगोट) इङगुदोsङ्गारवृक्षश्च तिक्तकस्तापसद्रमः इङगुदः कुष्ठभूतादिग्रहव्रणविषक्रिमीन् । हन्त्युष्णः श्वित्रशूलघ्नस्तिक्तकः कटुपाकवान् ।। ४१ ।। Synonyms: Aṅgāravṛkṣa. Tāpasadruma and Tiktaka. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digegtion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Microbial infections, ulcer, poisoning, worm infestation, leucoderma and colic. 5.24: Jiṅgaṇī (Odina wodier) जिंगिणी जिंगिनी झिंगणी झिंगी सुनिर्य्यासा प्रमोदिनी ।। ४२ ।। जिंगिनी मधुरा सोष्णा कषाया योनिशोधिनी । कटुका व्रणहद्रोगवातातीसारहृत्पटुतः ।। ४३ ।। Synonyms: Jiṅgī, Pramodinī, and Suniryāṣa. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Kaṭu (Pungent), Kaṣāya (Astringent) and Lavaṅa (Salt). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Therapeutics: Ulcer, heart diseases, and diarrhoea. 5.25: Tamāla (Gorcinia morella) तमाल तमाल उक्तस्तापिच्छः कालस्कन्धोsमितद्रुमः । लोकस्कंधो नीलध्वजो नीलतालश्च स स्मृतः । तमालः शालवद्वेद्यो दाहविस्फोटहृत्पुनः ।। ४४ ।। Synonyms: Atidruma, Kālaskandha, Lokaskandha, Nīladhvaja, Nīlatāla and Tāpiccha. Therapeutics: Burning sensation and eruptions. 5.26: Tūṇī (Cedrela toona) तूणी (तून) तूनी तुन्नक आपीनः तुणिकः कच्छकस्तथा । कुठेरकः कान्तलको नन्दीवृक्षश्च नन्दकः ।। ४५ ।। तूणी रक्तः कटुः पाके कषायो मधुरो लघुः । तिक्तो ग्राही हिमो वृष्यो व्रणकुष्ठास्रपित्तजित् ।। ४६ ।। Synonyms: āpīna, Kachaka, Kāntalaka, Kuṭheraka, Nandaka, Nandīvṛkṣa, Tūṇika and Tunnaka. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Kaṣāya (Astringent and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vipāka (Post digegtion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: Ulcer, skin diseases, blood diseases and epistaxis. 5.27: Bhūrjapatra (Betula utilis) भूर्जपत्र (भोजपत्र) भूर्जपत्रः स्मृतो भूर्जश्चर्मी बहुलवल्कलः । भूर्जो भूतग्रहश्लेष्मकणरुक्पित्तरक्तजित् ।। ४७ ।। कषायो राक्षसघ्नश्च मेदोविषहरः परः ।। ४८ ।। Synonyms: Bahuvalkala, Bhūrja and Carmī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digegtion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: Diseases of the ear, microbial infections, blood diseases, obesity and poisoning. 5.28.1: Palśā (Butea monosperma) पलाश (ढाक) पलाशः किंशुकः पर्णो यज्ञियो रक्तपुष्पकः । क्षारश्रेष्ठो वातपोथो ब्रह्मवृक्षः समिद्वरः ।। ४९ ।। पलाशो दीपनो वृष्यः सरोष्णो व्रणगुल्मजित् । भग्नसन्धानकृद्देषग्रहण्यर्शः कृमीन् हरेत् । कषायः कटुकस्तिक्तः स्निग्धो गुदजरोगजित् ।। ५० ।। तुत्पुष्पं स्वादु पाके तु कटुतिक्तं कषायकम् ।। ५१ ।। वातलं कफपित्तास्रकृच्छ्रजित् ग्राहि शीतलम् । तृड्दाहशमकं वातरक्तकुष्ठहरं परम् ।। ५२ ।। फलं लघूष्णं मेहार्शः कृमिवातकफापहम् । विपाके कटुकं रूक्षं कुष्ठगुल्मोदरप्रणुत् ।। ५३ ।। Synonyms: Brahmavṛkṣa, Ki*śuka, Kṣāraśreṣṭha, Parṇa, Raktapuṣpa, Samidvara, Vātapotha and Yajñiya. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): snigdha Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer, aphrodisiac and laxative. Therapeutics: Ulcer, abdominal tumor, malabsorption, hemorrhiods, worm infestation and rectal diseases. 5.28.2: Flowers of Palāśa Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digegtion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: Blood diseases, dysuria, thirst, burning sensation, gout and skin diseases. 5.28.3: Fruit of Palāśa Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digegtion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta Kapha and Vāta. Therapeutics: Polyuria, haemorrhoids, worm infestation, skin diseases, abdominal tumor and abdominal diseases. 5.29: śālmali (Bombaxi malabircum) शाल्मलि (सेमल) शाल्मपिस्तु भवेन्मोचा पिच्छिला पूरावणीति च । रक्तपुष्पा स्थिरायुश्च कण्टकाढ्या च तूलिनी ।। ५४ ।। शाल्मली शीतला स्वाद्वी रसे पाके रसायनी । श्लेष्मला पित्तवातास्रहारिणी रक्तपित्तजित् ।। ५५ ।। Synonyms: Kaṇṭakāḍhyā, Mocā, Picchila, Pūrṇī, Sthirāyu and Tūlinī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): snigdha Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digegtion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Action: Tonic. Therapeutics: Blood diseases, gout and epistaxis. 5.30: Mocarasa (Extract obtained from Bombax malabaricum मोचरस निर्यासः शाल्मलेः पिच्छा शाल्मलीवेष्टकोsपि च । मोचास्रावो मोचरसो मोचनिर्य्यास इत्यपि ।। ५६ ।। मोचास्रावो हिमो ग्रही स्निग्धो वृष्यः कषायकः । प्रवाहिकाsतिसारामकफपित्तास्रदाहनित् ।। ५७ ।। Synonyms: Mocasrāva, Mocaniryāsa, Picchā, śalmalīniryāsa and śalmalīveṣhṭaka. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): snigdha Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Dysentery, diarrhoea, indigestion, blood diseases and burning sensation. 5.31: Kūṭaśālmalī (Eriodindron anfractuosum) कूट शाल्मली कुत्सितः शाल्मलीः प्रोक्ता रोचनः कूटशाल्मलिः । कूटशाल्मलिकस्तिक्तः कटुकः कफवातनुत् ।। ५८ ।। भेद्युष्णः प्लीहजठरयकृद्गुल्मविषापहः । भूतानाहविबन्धास्रमेदः शूलकफापहः ।। ५९ ।। Synonyms: Kūtsitaśālmalī, Kūṭaśālmali and Rocana. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) Kaṭu (Pungent). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: laxative. Therapeutics: Diseases of the spleen, abdominal diseases, liver ailments, abdominal tumor, poisoning, microbial infections, tympanites, constipation, blood diseases, obesity and colic. 5.32.1: Dhava (Anogeissus latifolia) धव धवो घटो नन्दितरुः स्थिरो गौरो धुरन्धरः । धवः शीतः प्रमेहार्शः पाण्डुपित्तकफापहः । मधुरस्तुवरस्तस्य फलं च मधुरं मनाक् ।। ६० ।। Synonyms: Dhurandhara, Gauri, Ghaṭa, Nanditaru and Sthira. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Polyuria, hemorrhoids and anamia. 5.32.2: Fruit of Dhava धन्वंग (धामिन) (Dhāmina) धन्वङ्गस्तु धनुर्वृक्षो गोत्रवृक्षः सुतेजनः ।। ६१ ।। धन्वङ्ग कफपित्तास्रकासहृत्तुवरो लघुः । बृंहणो बलकृद्रुक्षः सन्धिकृद् व्रणरोपणः ।। ६२ ।। 5.33: Dāmina (Grewia tiliaefolia) Synonyms: Dhanvaṅga, Dhanurvṛkṣa, Gotravṛkṣa and Sutejana. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Vulnerary and anabolic. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. fractures and cough. 5.34: Karīra (Capparis aphylla) करीर करीरः क्रकरीपत्रो ग्रन्थिलो मरुभूरुहः । करीरः कटुकस्तिक्तः स्वेद्युष्णो भेदनः स्मृतः । दुर्नामकफवातामगरशोथव्रणप्रणुत् ।। ६३ ।। Synonyms: Granthila, Krakarīpatra and Marubhūruha. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) Tikta (Bitter). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Diaphoretic, laxative and anabolic. Therapeutics: Hemorrhoids, indigestion, poisoning, edema and ulcer. 5.35: śākhoṭa (Sterblus asper) शाखोट (सिहोरा) शाखोटः पीतफलो भूतावासः खरच्छदः । शाखोटो रक्तपित्तार्शोवातश्लेष्मातिसारजित् ।। ६४ ।। Synonyms: Bhūtāvāsa, Kharacchada and Pītaphala. Effect on Tridoṣa: Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Epistaxis, haemorrhoids and diarrhoea. 5.36: Baruṇa (Crataeva nurvala) वरुण (वरना) वरुनणो वरणः सेतुस्तिक्तशाकः कुमारकः । वरुणः पित्तलो भोदी श्लेष्मकृच्छ्राश्ममारुतान् ।। ६५ ।। निहन्ति गुल्मवातास्रकृमींश्चोषणोsग्निदीपनः । कषायो मधुरस्तिक्तः कटुको रूक्ष्को लघुः ।। ६६ ।। Synonyms: Kumāraka, Setu, Tiktaśaka and Varaṇa. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Kaṭu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer and laxative. Therapeutics: Dysuria, Calculus, abdominal tumor, gout and worm infestation. 5.37: Kaṭabhī (Careya arborea) कटभी कटभी स्वादुपुष्पश्च मधुरेणुः कटम्भरः । कटभी तु प्रमेहार्शोनाडीव्रणविषक्रिमीन् ।। ६७ ।। हन्त्युष्णा कफकुष्ठघ्नी कटू रूक्षा च कीर्तिता । तत्फलं तुवरं ज्ञेयं विशेषात्कफशुक्रहृत् ।। ६८ ।। Synonyms: Kaṭambhara, Madhureṇu and Svādupuṣpa. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Polyuria, hemorrhoids, fistula, poisoning, worm infestation and skin diseases. 5.37.2: Fruit of Kaṭabhī Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Note: It is harmful for semen. 5.38: Mokṣa (Schrebera swietenioides)* मोक्ष (मोखा) मोक्षस्तु मोक्षकोsपि स्याद् गोलीढो गोलिहस्तथा । क्षारश्रेष्ठःक्षारवृक्षो द्विविधः श्वेतकृष्णकः ।। ६९ ।। मोक्षकः कटुकस्तिक्तो ग्राह्यष्णः कफवातहृत् । विशमेदोगुल्मकण्डूबस्तिरुक्क्रिमिशुक्रनृत् ।। ७० ।। Synonyms: Golīṅḍha, Goliha, kṣāraśreṣṭha, Kṣāravṛkṣa and Mokṣaka. Types: It has two types: 1. White and 2. Black. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: Poisoning, obesity, pruritis, diseases of the urinary bladder and worm infestation. Note: It is harmful for semen. *Botanical identity is not clear. 5.39:Jalaśirīṣkā* जलशिरीषिका (ढाढ़ोन) शिरीषिका टिण्टिनिका दुर्बलांsम्बुशिरीषिका । त्रिदोषविषकुष्ठार्शोहरी वारिशिरीषिका ।। ७१ ।। Synonyms: Ambuśirīṣkā, Durbala, śirīṣkā, ṭiṭṇikā and Vāriśirīṣika. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Poisoning, skin diseases and hemorrhoids. *Botanical identity is not clear. 5.40.1: śamī (*rosopis spicigera) शमी शमी शक्तुफला तुंगा केशहन्त्री शिवा फला । मङ्गल्या च तथा लक्ष्मीः शमीरः साल्पिका स्मृता ।। ७२ ।। शमी तिक्ता कटुः शीता कषाया रेचनी लघुः । कफकासभ्रमश्वासकुष्ठार्शः क्रिमिजित्स्मृता ।। ७३ ।। Synonyms: Keśahantrī, Lakṣmī, Maṅgalyā, śaktuphalā and śivāphalā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Kaṭu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Laxative Therapeutics: Cough, vertigo, asthma, skin diseases, haemorrhoids and worm infestation. 5.40: Small variety of śamī Synonyms: śamīra. 5.40.1: Saptaparṇa (Alstonia scholaris) सप्तपर्ण (सतौना) सप्तपर्णो विशालवक् शारदो विषमच्छः । सप्तपर्णो ब्रणश्लेष्मवातकुष्ठास्रजंतुजित् ।। ७४ ।। दीपनः श्वासगुल्मघ्नः स्निग्धोष्णस्तुवरः सरः ।। ७५ ।। Synonyms: śārada, Viśālatvak and Viṣmaccha. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer and laxative. Therapeutics: Skin diseases, blood diseases, microbial infection, asthma and abdominal tumor. 5.41: Tiniśa (Ougeinia dalbergioides) तिनिश तिनिशः स्यंदनो नेमी रथद्रुवञ्जुलस्तथा । तिनिशः श्लेष्मपित्तास्रमेदः कुष्ठप्रमेहजित् ।। तुवरः श्वित्रदाहघ्नो व्रणपांडुक्रिमिप्रणुत् ।। ७६ ।। Synonyms: Nemī, Syandana and Vañjula. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer and laxative. Therapeutics: Blood diseases, obesity, skin diseases, polyuria, leucoderma, burning syndrome, ulcer, anemia and worm infestation. 5.42: Bhūmisaha (Tectona grandis) भूमीसह भूमीसहो द्वारदारुर्वरदारुः खरच्छदः । भूमीसहस्तु शिशइरो रक्तपित्तप्रसादनः ।। ७७ ।। Synonyms: Dvāradāru, Kharacchada and varadāru. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Therapeutics: Epistaxis. CHAPTER 6 āmrādiphala varga 6.1.1: Synonyms: of āmra (Mangifera indica) तत्रादावाम्रः (आम) । तस्या नामन्याह आम्रचूतो रसालश्च सहकारोsतिसौरभः । कामाङ्गो मधुदूतश्च माकन्दः पिकवल्लभः ।। Atisaurabha, Cūta, Kāmāṅga, Madhudūta, Mākanda, Pikavallabha, Rasāla and Sahakāra. 6.1.2: Flowers of āmra अथाम्रपुष्गुणानाह आम्पुष्पमतीसारककफपित्तप्रमेहुनत् । अस२ग्दुष्टिहरं शीतं रुचिकृद् ग्राहि वातलम् ।। Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action: Appetizer and astringent. Therapeutics: Diarrhoea, polyuria and blood diseases. Note: It is difficult to digest. 6.1.3: Unripe fruit of āmra अथामाम्रफलम् (अमिया) । तस्या गुणानाह आमं बालं कषायाम्लं रुच्यं मारुतपित्तकृत् । तरुणं तु तदत्यम्लं रूक्षं दोषत्रयास्रकृत् ।। Rasa (Taste): Amla (Sour) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta and Pitta. Action: (s): Appetizer. 6.1.4: Unripe fruit of old āmra Rasa (Taste): Amla (Sour). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Note: It vitiates blood. 6.1.5:śuṣkāmraphala (Dried outer covering of āmra) अथ शुष्काम्रफलम् (अमचूर) । तस्य सक्षणगुणानाह Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Amla (Sour) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Laxative. 6.1.6: Ripe fruit of āmra अथ पक्वाम्फलम् (पका आम) । तस्य गुणानाह पक्वं तु मधुरं वृष्यं स्निग्धं बलसुखप्रदम् । गुरु वातहरं हृद्यं वर्ण्यं शीतमपित्तलम् ।। कषायानुरसं वहिनश्लेश्मशुक्रविवर्द्धनम् ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but slightly aggravates Pitta. Action: Aphrodisiac, appetizer, cardiac tonic, alterative and spermopiotic. 6.1.7: Naturally mature fruit of āmra अथ वृक्षपक्वाम्रफलगुणानाह तदेव वृक्षसम्पक्वं गुरु वातहरं परम् । मधुराम्लरसं किञ्चिद्भवेत्पित्तप्रकोपणम् ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Amla (Sour). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta but excessively aggravates Pitta. 6.1.8: Artificially matured fruit of āmra अथ कृत्रिमपक्वचूषिताम्रफलगुणानाह आम्रं कृत्रिमपक्वञ्च तद्भवेत्पित्तनाशनम् । रसस्याम्लस्य हीनस्तु माधुर्याच्च विशेषतः ।। चूषितं तत्परं रुच्यं बलवीर्यकरं लघु । शीतलं शीघ्रपाकि स्याद्वातपित्तहरं सरम् ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) but devoid of Amla (Sour). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Aphrodisiac, appetizer, digestive and laxative. 6.1.9: Expressed juice of āmra अथ गालिताम्ररसगुणानाह तद्रसो गालितो बल्यो गुरुर्वातहरः सरः । अहृद्यस्तर्पणोsतीव बृंहणः कफवर्द्धनः ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta but excessively aggravates Pitta. Action: laxative, tonic and nutritive. Note: It is harmful for heart. 6.1.10: Pieces of mature fruit of āmra (Mangifera indica) अथाम्रखण्डगुणानाह तस्य खण्डं गुरु परं रोचनं चिरपाकि च । मधुरं बृंहणं बल्यं शीतलं वातनाशनम् ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action: Appetizer and tonic. Note: It upsets digestion. 6.1.11: Intake of milk along with mature fruit of āmra अथ दुग्धयुक्ताम्रगुणानाह वातपित्तहरं रुच्यं बृंहणं बलवर्द्धनम् । वृष्यं वर्णकरं स्वादु दुग्धाम्र गुरु शीतलम् ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Appetizer, aphrodisiac, tonic, nutritive and alterative. 6.1.12: Excessive intake of āmra अथाम्रातियोगः (आम बहुत खाना) । तस्य दोषानाह मन्दानलत्वं विषमज्वरं च रक्तामयं बद्धगुदोदरं च । आम्रातियोगो नयनामयं वा करोति तस्मादति तानि नाद्यात् ।। एतदम्लाम्रविषयं मधुराम्लपरं न तु । मधुरस्य परं नेत्रहित्वाद्या गुणा यतः ।। Excessive intake o āmra leads to: 1. Low digestive fire. 2. Fever of irregular mode. 3. Blood diseases. 4. Constipation. 5. Eye diseases. Note: The above description stands for āmra with amla (sour) taste not for āmra with amla (sour) and madhura (sweet) taste. āmra with amla (sour) and madhura (sweet) taste is beneficial for eye. 6.1.13: Treatment of ill effects produced by excessive intake of āmra अथाम्रातियोगदोषनिवृत्त्युपायमाह शुण्ठयम्भसोsनुपानं स्यादाम्राणामतिभक्षणे (जीरकं वा प्रयोक्तव्यं सह सौवर्चलेन च ।। For preventing the above mentioned ill-effects, one should consume suṇṭhī or dried ginger (Zingiber officinale) with water or Jīraka (Carum carvi) with sauvarcala namaka (Black salt). 6.1.14: āmrāvarta अथाम्रावर्त्तः (अमावट) । तस्य लक्षणं गुणांश्चाह पक्वस्य सहकारस्य पटे विस्तारितो रसः । धर्मशुष्कां मुहुर्दत्त आमावर्त्त इति स्मृतः ।। आम्रावर्त्तस्तृषाच्छर्दिवातपित्तहरः सरः । रुच्यः सूर्यांशुभिः पाकाल्लघुश्च स हि कीत्तिंतः ।। Introduction: āmrāvarta is produced by expressing juice from mature fruit of āmra. The juice is then dried in sun light. Then juice of mature fruit is poured on the dried one and again dried. This results in a thick layered preparation known as āmrāvarta. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Tonic: Appetizer and laxative. Therapeutics: Thirst and vomiting. Note: āmrāvarta becomes Laghu (Light) on exposure to sunlight. 6.1.15: Seeds of āmra अथाम्रबीजम् (कोइलिया) । तस्य गुणानाह आम्रबीजं कषायं स्याच्छर्द्यतीसारनाशनम् । ईषदम्लञ्च मधुरं तथा हृदयदाहनुत् ।। Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent), Madhura (Sweet) and slightly Amla (Sour). Therapeutics: Vomiting, diarrhoea and heartburn. 6.1.16: Leaves of āmra अथाम्रनवपल्लवः । तस्य गुणानाह आम्रस्य पल्लवो रुच्यः करफपित्तविनाशनः ।। Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta. Tonic: Appetizer. 6.2.1 āmrātaka (Spondias mangifera) अथाम्रातकः (अम्बाडा) । तन्नामानि तत्पक्वापक्वफलगुणाँश्चाह- आम्रातकः पीतनश्च मर्कटाम्रः कपीतनः । आम्रातमम्लं वातघ्नं गुरूण्णं रुचिकृत्सरम् ।। पक्वन्तु तुवरं स्वादु रसे पाके हिमंस्मृतम् । तर्पणं श्लेष्मलं स्निग्धं वृष्यं विष्टम्भि बृंहणम् ।। गुरु बल्यं मरुत्पित्तक्षतदाहक्षयास्रजित् ।। Synonyms: āmrātaka, Kapītana, Markaṭāmra and Pītana. Rasa (Taste): Amla (Sour). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action: Appetizer ad laxative. 6.2.2: Mature fruit of āmrātaka Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digegtion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac, tonic and nutritive. Therapeutics: Consumpton, burning sensation, phthisis and blood diseases. 6.3: Rājāmra अथ राजाम्रः (कलमी आम) । तन्नामानि तत्फलस्य गुणाँश्चाह राजाम्रष्टङ्क आम्रातः कामाह्वो राजपुत्रकः ।। राजाम्रं तुवरं विशदं शीतलं गुरु । ग्राहि रूक्षं विबन्धाध्मवातकृत्कफपित्तनुत् ।। Synonyms: āmrāta, Kāmāhva, Rājāputra and ṭaṅka. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Viśada, Rūkṣa and Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta but aggravates Vāta. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: Consipation and tympanites. 6.4.1: Kośāmra (Schleichera trijuga) अथ कोशाम्रः । तस्य नामानि तत्फलस्य च गुणाँश्चाह कोशाम्र उक्तः क्षुद्राम्रः कृमिवृक्षः सुकोशकः । कोशाम्रः कुष्ठशोथास्रपित्तव्रणकफापहः ।। तत्फलं ग्राहि वातघ्नमम्लोष्णं गुरु पित्तलम् । पक्वन्तु दीपनं रुच्यं लघूष्णं कफवातनुत् ।। Synonyms: Kṛmivṛkṣa, Kṣudrāmra and Sukośaka. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Skin dsieaases, oedema, blood diseases, epistaxis, ulcer, hyperhidrosis, hernia, abscess, deafness, vaginal diseases and diseases of the ear. 6.4.2: Fruit of Kośāmra Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta but aggravates Pitta. Action: Astringent. 6.4.3: Ripe fruit of Kośāmra (Schleichera trijuga) Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer and digestive. 6.5.1: Panasa (Artocarpus integrifolia) अथ पनसः (कटहल) । तन्नामानि तत्पक्वापक्वफलगुणाँश्चाह पनशः कण्टकिफलः पलसोsतिबृहत्फलः । पनसं शीतलं पक्वं स्निग्धं पित्तानिलापंहम् ।। तर्पणं बृंहणं स्वादु मांसलं श्लेष्मलंभृशम् । बल्यं शुक्रप्रदं हन्ति रक्तपित्तक्षतव्रणान् ।। आमं तदंव विष्टम्भि वातलं तुवरं गुरु । दाहकृन्मधुरं बल्यं कफमेदोविवर्द्धनम् ।। अथ पनसबीजगुणानाह पनसोद्भूतबीजानि वृष्याणि मधुराणि च । गुरूणि बद्धविट्कानि सृष्टमूत्राणि संवदेत् ।। अथ पनसमज्जगुणानाह मज्जा पनसजो वृष्यो वातपित्तकफापहः । विशेषात्पनसो वर्ज्यो गुल्मिभर्मन्दवह्निभिः ।। Synonyms: Atibṛhatphala, Kaṇṭakiphala, Palasa and Panasa. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Action: Nutritive, spermopiotic and tonic. Therapeutics: Epistaxis, phthisis and ulcer Note: It increases flesh. 6.5.2: Unripe fruit of Panasa Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta and Kapha. Action: Tonic. Note: It increases subcutaneous fat or adipose tissue. It upsets digestion also. 6.5.3: Seeds of Panasa Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Action: Aphrodisiac and diuretic. 6.5.4: Seeds-pulp of Panasa Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac. 6.5.5: Contraindications of Panasa Abdominal tumor and low digestive fire. 6.6.1: Unripe fruit of Lakuca (Artocarpus lakoocha) अथ लकुचः (बडहर) । तन्नामानि तत्पक्वफलगुणाँश्चाह लकुचः छुद्रपनसो लिकुचो डहुरित्यपि । आमं लकुचमुष्णञ्च गुरु विष्टम्भकृत्तथा ।। मधुरञ्च तथाsम्लञ्च दोषत्रितयरक्तकृत् । शुक्राग्निनाशनं वाsपि नेत्रयोरहितं स्मृतम् ।। सुपक्वं तत्त् मधुरमम्लं चानिलपित्तहृत् । कफवहिनकरं रुच्यं वृष्यं विष्टम्भकञ्च तत् ।। Synonyms: ḍahu. Kṣudrapanasa and Likuca. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Amla (Sour). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Note: It produces blood diseases. It is not beneficial for eyes, semen and digestive fire. 6.6.2: Ripe fruit of Lakucha Synonyms: ḍahu. Kṣudrapanasa and Likuca. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Amla (Sour). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Action: Appetizer and aphrodisiac. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Note: It is not beneficial for digestive fire. 6.7.1: Unripe fruit of Kadalī (Musa sapientum) अथ कदली (केला) । तन्नामानि तत्पक्वापक्वफलगुणांश्चाह कदली वारणा मोचाsम्बुसारांsशुमतीफला । मोचाफलं स्वादु शीतं विष्टम्भि कफकृद गुरु ।। स्निग्धं पित्तास्रतृड्दाहक्षतक्षयसमीरजित् । पक्वं स्वादु हिमं पाके स्वादु वृष्यञ्च बृंहणम् ।। क्षुत्तृष्णानेत्रगदहृन्मेहघ्नं रुचिमांसकृत् ।। अथ कदलीभेदान् गुणनिदेशपूर्वकमाह- माणिक्यमर्त्यामृतचम्पकाद्या भेदाः कदल्या बहवोsपि सन्ति । उक्तागुणास्तेष्वधिका भवन्ति निर्दोषता स्याल्लघुता च तेषाम् ।। Synonyms: Ambusāra, A*śumatīphalā, Mocā and Vāraṇā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Therapeutics: Blood diseases, thirst, consumption and phthisis. Note: It aggravates Vāta. 6.7.2: Ripe fruit of Kadalī Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digegtion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac, tonic and nutritive. Therapeutics: Eye diseases and polyuria. 6.7.3: Varieties of Kadalī Varieties: Aṃṛtakadalī, Campakakadalī, Māṇikyakadalī and Martyakadalī, Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Therapeutics: Blood diseases, thirst, consumption and phthisis. 6.8.1: Cirbhiṭa* अथ चिभंटम् (कचरिया, फूट) । तन्नामानि पक्वापक्वतत्फलगुणांश्चाह चिर्भिटं धेनुदुग्धं च तथा गोरक्षकर्कटी ।। चिर्भिटं मधुरं रूक्षं गुरु पित्तकफापहम् । अनुष्णं ग्राहि विष्टम्भि पक्वं तूष्णञ्च पित्तलम् ।। Synonyms: Dhenudugdha and Gorakṣakarkaṭī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Astringent. Note: It disturbs digestion. *Botanical identity is not clear. 6.8.2: Fruit of Cirbhiṭa Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. 6.9.1: Nārikela (Cocos nucifera) अथ नारिकेलः (नारियल) । तन्नामानि तत्फलसाधारणगुणाँश्चाह नारिकेलो दृढफलो लांगली कूर्चशीर्षकः । तुंगः स्कन्धफलश्चैव तृणराजः सदाफलः ।। नारिकेलफल शीतं दुर्जरं वस्तिशोधनम् । विष्टम्भि बृंहणं बल्यं वातपित्तास्रदाहनुन् ।। अथ कोमलजीर्णतत्फलयोर्गणानाह विशेषतः कोमलनारिकेलं निहन्ति पित्तज्वरपित्तदोषान् । तदेव जीर्णं गुरु पित्तकारि विदाहि विष्टरिभ मतं भिषग्भिः ।। अथ नरिकेलजलगुणानाह- तस्याम्भः शीतलं हृद्यं दीपनं शुक्रलं लघु । पिपासापित्तजित्स्वादु वस्तिशुद्धिकरं परम् ।। Synonyms: Dṛḍhapahala, Kūrcaśīrṣaka, Lāṅgalī, Sadāphala, Skandhaphalā, Tṛṇarāja and Tuṅgā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action: Nutritive and tonic. Therapeutics: Blood diseases and burning sensation. Note: It disturbs digestion and purifies urinary bladder. 6.9.2: Tender fruit of Nārikela Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Therapeutics: Fever caused by vitiation of Pitta. 6.9.3: Ripe friut of Nārikela Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggaravates Pitta. Note: It disturbs digestion. 6.9.4: Water of Nārikela Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Action: Cardiac tonic, appetizer and aphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Excessive thirst. Note: It purifies urinary bladder. 6.9.5: Fruit pulp of Nārikela (Cocos nucifera), Tāḍa (Borassus flabellifer) and kharjūra (Phoenix dactylifera) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Action: Tonic. अथ नारिकेलादीनां शिरोगुणानाह नारिकेलस्य तालस्य खर्जूरस्य शिरांसि तु । कषायस्निग्धमधुरबृंहणानि गुरूणि च ।। 6.10.1: Unripe fruit of Kālinda (Citrullus vulgaris) अथ कालिन्दम् (तरबूज) । तन्नामानि पक्वापक्वतत्फलगुणांश्चाह कालिन्दं कृष्णबीजं स्यात्कालिंञ्च सुवर्त्तलम् । कालिन्दं ग्राहि दृक्पित्त शुक्र हृच्छीतलंगुरु ।। पक्वन्तु सोष्णं सक्षारं कफवातजित् ।। Synonyms: Kālina, Kṛṣṇabīja and Suvartulam. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Action: Astringent. Note: It is not beneficial for eyes and semen. 6.10.2: Ripe fruit of Kālinda Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Note: It is alkaline. 6.11: Kharbūjama (Cucumis melo) अथ खर्बूजम् (खर्बूजा) । तन्नामानि तत्फलगुणाँश्चाह दशांगुलं तु खर्बूजं कथ्यन्तं तद्गुणा अथ ।। खर्बूजं मूत्रलं बल्यं कोष्ठशुद्धिकरं गुरुं स्निग्धं स्वादुतरं शीतं वृष्यं पित्तानिलापहम् ।। तेषु यच्चाम्लमधुरं सक्षारञ्च रसाद्भवेत् । रक्तपित्तकरं तत्तु मूत्रकृच्छ्रकरं परम् ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Synonyms: Dasāṅgula. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action: Diuretic, tonic, laxative and aphrodisiac. Note: Kharbūjama (Cucumis melo) with Madhura (Sweet) and Kṣāra (Alkaline) taste causes dysuria and epistaxis. 6.12.1: Small, blue and unripe fruit of Trapusa अथ त्रपुसम् (खीरा, बालमखीरा) । तस्य नामानि पक्वापक्वतत्फलतद्बीजगूणाँश्चाह त्रपुसं कण्टकिफलं सुधावासः सुशीतलम् । त्रपुसं लघु नीलञ्च नवं तृट्क्लमदाहजित् ।। स्वादु पित्तापहं शीतं रक्तपित्तहरं परम् । तत्पक्वमम्लमुष्णं स्यात्पित्तलं कफवातनुत् ।। Synonyms: Kaṇṭakīphala, Sudhāvāsa and Suśītala. Rasa (Taste): Madhrua (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Therapeutics: Burning sensation, excessive thirst and epistaxis. 6.12.2: Ripe fruit of trapusa Rasa (Taste): Amla (Sour). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggravates Pitta. 6.12.3: Seeds of Trapusa Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Action: Diuretic. Therapeutics: Blood diseases and dysuria. 6.13.1: Guvāka (Areca catechu) अथ गुवाकः (सुपारी) । तन्नामानि तत्फलनामगुणाँश्चाह घोरण्टः पूणी पूगश्च गुवाकः क्रमुकोsस्य तु । फलं पूगीफलं प्रोक्तमुद्वेगं च तदीरितम् ।। पूगं गुरु हिमं रूक्षं कषायं कफपित्तजितं मोहन दीपनं रुच्यमास्यवैरस्यनाशनम् ।। अथार्द्रस्विन्नतत्फलगुणानाह आर्द्रं तद् गुर्वभिष्यन्दि वहिनदृष्टिहरं स्मृतम् । स्विन्नं दोषत्रयच्छेदि दृढमध्यं तदुत्तमम् ।। Synonyms: Ghoraṇṭa, Kramuka, Pūga and Pūgī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Narcotic and appetizer. Therapeutics: Dryness of the mouth. 6.13.2: Unripe Guvāka Synonyms: Pūgīphala and Uddvega. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Abhiṣyandi. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta Kapha. Note: It reduces eye vision and digestive fire. That Guvaka is considered to be superior that has strong middle part. 6.14.1: Tāla (Borassus flabellifer) अथ तालः (ताड) । तन्नामानि तत्पक्वफलमज्जगुणाँश्चाह तालस्तु लेख्यपत्रः स्यात्तृणराजो महोन्नतः ।। पक्वं तालफलं पित्तरक्तश्लेष्मविवर्द्धनम् ।। दुर्जरं बहुमूत्रञ्च तन्द्राsभिष्यन्दशुकदम् ।। तालमज्जा तु तरुणः किञ्चिन्मदकरो लघुः । श्लेष्मलो वातपित्तघ्नः सस्नेहो मधुरः सरः ।। अथ तालरसः (ताडी) । नवीनस्य प्राचीनस्य च नामानि गुणाँश्चाह- तालजं तरुणं तोयमतीव मदकृन्मतम् । अम्लीभूतं तदा तु स्यात्पित्त्कृद्वातदोषहृत् ।। Synonyms: Lekhyapatra, Mahonnata and ṭrīṇarja. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Action: Diutretic and spernopiotic. Note: It increases blood, leads to lethargy, obstructs channels of circulation and heavy in digestion. 6.14.2: Fruit pulp on Tāla Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha but pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Narcotic, laxative and demulcent. Therapeutics: Dryness of the mouth. 6.14.3: Tālarasa (Water obtained from fruit of Borassus flabellfer) Action: Narcotic. 6.14.4: Old Tālarasa (Water obtained from fruit of Borassus flabellifer) Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta but pacifies Vāta and Kapha. 6.15.1: Bilva (Aegle marmelos) अथ बिल्बः (बेल) । तन्नामानि तद्बालफलनामागुणाँश्चाह बिल्वः शाण्डिल्यशैलूषौ मालूरश्रीफलवपि । बालं बिल्वफलं बिल्वकर्कटी बिल्वपेशिका ।। ग्राहिणी कफवातामशूलघ्नी बिल्वपेषिका ।। अन्यच्च बालं बिल्वफलं ग्राहि दीपनं पाचनं कटु । कषायोष्णं लघु स्निग्धं तिक्तं वातकफलापहम् ।। अथ पक्वतत्फलगुणाना- पक्वं गुरु त्रिदोषं स्याद् दुर्जरं पूतिमारुतम् । विदाहि विष्टम्भकरं मधुरं वहिनमान्द्यकृत् ।। अथ प़क्वपेक्षया बालस्य बिल्वफलस्य गुणाधिक्यमाह- बिल्वादन्यत्र विज्ञेयमामं तद्धि गुणाधिकम् । द्राक्षाबिल्वशिवाssदीनां फलं शुष्कं गुणाधिकम् ।। Synonyms: Mālūra, śāilūṣa, śāṇḍilya and śrīphala. 6.15.2: Unripe fruit of Bilva (Aegle marmelos) Synonyms: Bālabilvapahala, Bilvakarkaṭī and Bilvapeṣikā. Rasa (Taste):Kaṭu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Astringent, digestive and appetizer. Therapeutics: Indigestion, low digestive fire and colic. 6.15.3: Ripe fruit of Bilva Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Note: It leads to indestion and purification in the intestine. 6.15.4: Comparison of unripe and ripe fruit of Bilva Normally ripe fruit are considered to be superior as compared to unripe. Bilva (Aegle marmelos) is exception to this rule. Here unripe fruit are considered to be superior as compared to ripe. 6.16.1: Kapittha (Feronia elephantum) अथ कपित्थः (कैथ) । तन्नामानि तत्पक्वापक्वफलगुणाँश्चाह कपित्थस्तु दधित्थः स्यात्तथा पुष्पफलः स्मृतः । कपिप्रियो दधिफलस्तथा दन्तशठोsपि च ।। कपित्थमामं संग्राहि कषायं लघु लेखनम् । पक्वं गुरु तृषाहिक्काशमनं वातपित्तजित् ।। स्यादम्लं तुवर कण्ठशोधनं त्राहि दुर्जरम् ।। Synonyms: Dadhiphala, Dantaśaṭha, Dadhittha, Kapipriya and Puṣpaphala. 6.16.2: Unripe fruit of Kapittha Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: obesity. 6.16.3: Ripe fruit of Kapitta Rasa (Taste): Amla (Sour) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta and Pitta. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: Excessive thirst and hiccough. Note: It disturbs digestion and purifies the throat. 6.17.1: Nāraṅgī (Citrus reticulata) अथ नारंगः (नारंगी) । तन्नामानि मधुराम्लानारंगयोर्गुणाँश्चाह नारंगो नारंगः स्यात्त्वक्सुगन्धो मुखप्रियः ।। नारंगो मधुराम्लः स्याद्रोचनो वातनाशनः । अपरंत्वम्लमत्युष्णं दुर्जरं वातहृत् सरम् ।। Synonyms: Mukhapriyā, Nāraṅgī, Nāraṅga and Tvaksugandhā. Rasa (Taste): Amla (Sour) and Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Excessive thirst and hiccough. 6.17.2: Second variety of Nāraṅgī (Citrus aurantium) Rasa (Taste): Amla (Sour). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action: Astringent. Note: It disturbs digestion. 6.18.1: Tinduka (Diospyros embyropteris) अथ तिन्दुकः (तेंदू) । तन्नामानि पक्वापक्वतत्फलगुणाँश्चाह तिन्दुकः स्फूज़कः कालस्कन्धश्चासितकारकः । स्यादामं तिन्दुकं ग्राहि वातलं शीतलं लघु ।। पक्वं पित्तप्रमेहास्रश्लेष्मघ्नं मधुरं गुरु ।। Synonyms: Asitakāraka, Kālaskanda and Safūjraka. 6.18.2: Unripe fruit of Tinduka Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta. Action: Astringent. 6.18.3: Ripe fruit of Tinduka Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Polyuria and blood diseases. 6.19: Kupīlu (Strychnos nux vomica) अथ कुपीलुः । यस्य फलं कुचिला इति लोके 'मकरतेंदुआ' इति च । तन्नामानि तत्फलगुणाँश्चाह तिन्दुको यस्तु कथितो जलदो दीर्घपत्रकः ।। कुपीलुः कुलकः काकतिन्दुकः काकपीलुकः काकेन्दुर्विषतिन्दुश्च तथा मार्कटतिन्दुकः ।। कुपीलुः शीतलं तिक्तं वातलं मदकृल्लघु । परं व्यथाहरं ग्राहि कफपित्तास्रनाशनम् ।। Synonyms: Dīrghapatra, Jalada, Kākendu, Kākapīluka, Kākatinduka, Kulaka, Markṭatinduka, Tinduka and Viṣatindu. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta but pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Narcotic. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. 6.20.1: Rājajambū (Eugenia jambolana) अथ राजजम्बू (बड़ी जामुन) । तन्नामानि तत्फलगुणाँश्चाह फलेन्द्रा कथिता नन्दी राजजम्बूर्महाफला । तथा सुरभिपत्रा च महाजम्बूरपि स्मृता ।। राजजम्बूफलं स्वादु विष्टम्भि गुरु रोचनम् ।। Synonyms: Mahājambū, Mahāphala, Nandī, Phalendrā and Surabhipatrā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Action: Appetizer. 6.20.2: Jalajambukā (Eugenia heyneana) अथ जलजम्बुका (छोटी जामुन, नदी जामुन, नदी जामुन) । तस्या नामानि गुणाँश्चाह चुद्रजम्बुः सूक्षमपत्रा नादेयी जलजम्बुका । जम्बूः संग्राहिणी रूक्षा कफपित्तास्रदाहजित् ।। Synonyms: Jalajambukā, Kṣudrajambū, Nādeyī and Sūkṣmapatrā. Effect on Tridoṣa: pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: Blood diseases and burning sensation. 6.21.1: Small variety of Badarī अथ बदरो (बेर) । तस्या नामान्याह पुंसि स्रियाञ्च कर्कन्धार्बदरी कोलमित्यपि ।। फेनिलं कुवलं घोण्टा सौवीरं बदरं महत् । अजप्रिया कुहा कोली विषमोभयकण्टका ।। तत्र बदरविशेषाणां लक्षणानि गुणांश्चाह पच्यमानं सुमधुरं सौवीरं बदरं महत् । सौवीरं बदरं शीतं भेदनं गुरु शुक्रलम् ।। वृंहणं पित्तदाहास्रक्षयतृष्णानिवारणम् । सौवीरं लघु सम्पक्वं मधुरं कोलमुच्यते ।। कोलन्तु बदरं ग्राहि रुच्यमुष्णञ्च वातहृत् । कफपित्तकरं चापि गुरु सारकमीरितम् ।। कर्कन्धूः क्षुद्रबदरं कथितं पूर्वसूरिभिः अम्लं स्यात्क्षुदबदरं कषायं मधुरं मनाक् ।। स्निग्धं गुरु तिक्तञ्च वातपितापहं स्मृतम् । शुष्कं भेद्यग्निकृत्सर्व लघु तृष्णाक्लमास्रजित् ।। Synonyms: Ajapriyā, Karkandhu, Kolī, Kuhā, Ubhayakaṇṭaka and Viṣama. 6.21.2: Large variety of Badarī Synonyms: Kuvala, Phenila, Sauvīra and Viṣama. 6.21.3: Sauveera (Zizyphus sativa) Description: It is large, having sweet taste and ripened. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Action: Laxative, nutritive and aphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Burning sensation, blood diseases, phthisis and excessive thirst. 6.21.4: Kola (Zizyphus jujuba) Description: It is small as compared to Sauvīra (Zizyphus sativa), having sweet taste and ripened. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta but aggravates Kapha and Pitta. Action: Astringent, appetizer and laxative. 6.21.5: Karkandhu (ZiZyphus nummularia) Description: It is small in size. Rasa (Taste): Amla (Sour), Tikta (Bitter), Kaṣāya (Astringent) and slighty Madhura. (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta. 6.21.6: Dried fruit of all types of Badarī Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Action: Laxative and appetizer. Therapeutics: Blood diseases and excessive thirst. 6.22: Prācīnāmalaka (Flacourtia cataphracta) अथ प्राचीनामलकम् (पानी आंवला) । तस्य नामानि गुणांश्चाह प्राचीनामलकं लोके पानीयामलकं स्मृतम् । प्राचीनामलकं दोषत्रयजिज्ज्वरघाति च ।। Synonyms: Pānīyāmalaka. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Pyrexia. 6.23: Lavalī (Cicca acida) अथ लवली (हलफारेवडी) तस्या नामानि तत्फलगुणांश्चाह- सुगन्धमूला लवली पाण्डुः कोमलवल्कला ।। लवलीफलश्मार्शःकफपित्तहरं गुरु । विशदं रोचनं रूक्षं स्वाद्वम्लं तुवरं रसे ।। Synonyms: Komalavalkalā, Pāṇḍu and Sugandhamūlā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Amla (Sour) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy), Rūkṣa and Viśada. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Calculus and hemorrhoids. 6.24.1: Unripe fruit of Karamarda (Carissa carandas) अथ करमर्दः, करमर्दिका च (करौंदा-करौंदी) । तयोर्नामानि पक्वापक्वतत्फलगुणाँश्चाह करमर्दः सुषेणाः स्यात्कृष्णापाकफलस्तथा । तस्माल्लघुफला या तु सा ज्ञेया करमर्दिका ।। करमर्दद्वयं त्वामम्लं गुरु तृषाहरम् । उष्णं रुचिकरं प्रोक्तं रक्तपित्तकफप्रदम् ।। तत्पक्वं मधुरं रुच्यं लघु पित्तसमीरजित् ।। Synonyms: Kṛṣṇapākaphala and Suṣeṇa. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Action: Thirst depressant and appetizer. Therapeutics: Epistaxis. 6.24.2: Ripe fruit of Karamarda Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, and Pitta. 6.24.3: Unripe fruit of Karamardikā Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Kaṣāya (Astringent).a. Action: Thirst depressant and appetizer. Therapeutics: Epistaxis. 6.24.4: Ripe fruit of Karamardikā Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, and Pitta. 6.25.1: Priyāla (Buchanania latifolia) अथ प्रियालः (चिरौंजी) । तस्य नामानि तत्फलस्य च गुणाँश्चाह प्रियालस्तु खरस्कन्धश्चारो बहुलवल्कलः । राजादनस्तापसेष्टः सन्नकद्रुर्धनुष्पटः ।। चारः पित्तकफस्रघ्नस्तत्फलं मधुरं गुरु । स्निग्धं सरं मरुत्पित्तदाहज्वरतृषान्नपहम् ।। Synonyms: Bahulavalkala, Cāra, Dhanuṣpaṭa, Kharaskandhā, Rājādana, Sannakadru and Tāpaseṣṭa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. 6.25.2: Fruit pulp of Priyāla Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Snigdha Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action: Aphrodisiac and cardiac tonic. Note: It upsets digestion. 6.26: Rājādana (Mimusops hexandra) अथ राजादनः (खिरनी) । तस्य नामानि तत्फलगुणाँश्चाह राजादनः फलाध्यक्षो राजन्या क्षीरिकाsपि च ।। क्षीरिकायाः फलं वृष्यं स्निग्धं हिमं गुरु । तृष्णामूर्च्छामदभ्रान्तिक्षयदोषत्रयास्राजित् ।। Synonyms: Kṣīrikā, Phalādhyakṣa and Rājanyā. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac, tonic and nutritive. Therapeutics: Excessive thirst, apoplexy, vertigo, phthisis and blood diseases. 6.27: Vikaṅkata (Flacoutia ramontchi) अथ विकङ्कतः (कण्टाई) । तस्य नामानि तत्पक्वफलगुणाँश्चाह विकङ्कतः स्रुवावृक्षो ग्रन्थिलः स्वादुकण्टकः । स एव यज्ञवृक्षश्च कण्टकी व्याघ्रपोदपि ।। विकङ्कतफलं पक्वं मधुरं सव्रदोषजित् ।। Synonyms: Granthila, Kaṇṭakī, Sruvāphala, Svādukaṇṭaka, Vyāghrapāda and Yajñavṛkṣa. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. 6.28: Padmākṣa अथ पद्माक्षम् (कमलगट्टा) । तस्य नामानि गुणाँश्चाह पद्ममबीजं तु पद्माक्षं गालोङयं पद्मकर्कटी । पद्मबीजं हिमं स्वादु कषायं तिक्तकं गुरु । विष्टम्भि वृष्यं रूक्षञ्च गर्भसंसिपकं परम् । कफवातकरं बल्यं ग्राहि पित्तास्रदाहनुत् ।। Synonyms: Gāloḍya, Padmabīja and Padmakarkaṭī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac, tonic and astringent. Therapeutics: Epistaxis and burning sensation. Note: It helps in conception and disturbs digestion. 6.29: Makhānna (Euyrale ferox) अथ मखान्नम् (मखाना) । तस्य नामानि गुणाँश्चाह मखान्नं पद्मबीजाभं पानीयफलमित्यपि । मखान्नं पद्ममबीजस्य गुणैस्तुल्यं विनिदिंशेत् ।। Synonyms: Padamabījama and Pānīyaphala. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac, tonic and astringent. Therapeutics: Epistaxis and burning sensation. Note: It helps in conception and disturbs digestion. 6.30: śṛṅgāṭaka (Trapa bispinosa) अथ श्रृंङ्गाटकम् (सिंघाड़ा) । तस्य नामानि गुणाँश्चाह श्रृङ्गाटकं हिमं स्वादु गुरु वृष्यं कषायकम् । ग्राही शुक्रानिलश्लेष्मप्रदं पित्तास्रदाहनुत् ।। Synonyms: Jalaphala and Trikoṇaphala. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Action: Spermopiotic and astringent. Therapeutics: Blood diseases and burning sensation. 6.31: Kairaviṇīphala अथ कैरविणीफलम् (भेंट) तस्य नामानि गुणाँश्चाह उक्तं कुमुदबीजन्तु बुधैः कैरविणीफलम् । भवेत्कुमुद्वतीबीजं स्वादु रूक्षं हिमं गुरु ।। Synonyms: Kumudbīja and Kairaviṇīphala. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. 6.32.1: Flowers of Madhūka (Bassia latifolia) अथ मधूकः (महुआ, बनमहुआ) । तस्य नामानि तत्पुष्पफलगुणाँश्चाह मधूको गुडपुष्पः स्यान्मधुपुष्पो मधुस्रवः । वानप्रस्थो मुधष्ठीलो जलजेsत्र मधूलकः ।। मधूकपुष्पं मधुरं शीतलं गुरु बृंहणम् । बलशुक्रकरं प्रोक्तं वातपित्तविनाशनम् ।। फलं शीतं गुरु स्वादु शुक्रलं वातपित्तनुत् ।अहृद्यं हन्ति तृष्णाsस्रदाहश्वासक्षतक्षयान् ।। Synonyms: Guḍapuṣpa, Madhupuṣpa, Madhuṣṭhīla, Madhusrvā and Vānaprastha. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Nutritive, tonic and spermopiotic. 6.32.2: Fruit of Madhūka Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Nutritive, tonic and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Excessive thirst, blood diseases, burning sensation, asthma, consumption and phthisis. 6.33.1: Ripe fruit of Parūṣaka (Grewia asiatica) अथ परूषकम् (फालसा) । तस्य नामानि तत्पक्वापक्वरफलगुणाँश्चाह परूषकं तु परूषमल्पास्थि च परापरम् । परूषकं कषायाम्लमामं पित्तकरं लघु ।। तत्पक्वं मुधरं पाके शीतं विष्टम्भि बृंहणम् । हृद्यन्तु पित्तदाहास्रज्वरक्षयसमीरहृत् ।। Synonyms: Alpāsthi, Parūṣa and Parāpara. Rasa (Taste): Amla (Sour) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta. 6.33.2: Unripe fruit of Parūṣaka Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Cardiac tonic and nutritive. Therapeutics: Blood diseases, burning sensation, fever and phthisis. 6.34.1: Ripe fruit of Tūta (Morus indica) अथ तूतः (सहतूत) । तस्य नामानि तत्पक्वापक्वफलगुणाँश्चाह तूतस्तूलश्च पूगश्च क्रमुको ब्रह्मदारु च । तूतं पक्वं गुरु स्वादु हिमं पित्तानिलापहम ! ।। तदेवामं गुरु सरमम्लोष्णं रक्तपित्तकृत् ।। Synonyms: Brahmadāru, Kramuka, Pūga and Tūla. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. 6.34.2: Unripe fruit of Tūta Rasa (Taste): Amla (Sour). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Note: It leads to epistaxis. 6.35.1: Dāḍimba (Punica granatum) अथ दाडिमः (अनार) । तस्य नामानि तत्फलभेदाँश्चाह दाडीमः करको दन्तबीजो लोहितपुष्पकः तत्फलं त्रिविधं स्वादु स्वाद्वम्लं केवलाम्लकम् ।। अथ तत्फलभेदानां गुणानाह तत्त् स्वादु त्रिदोषष्नं तृड्दाहज्वरनाशनम् । हृत्कण्ठमुखागन्धघ्नं तर्पणं शुक्रलं लघु ।। कषायानुरसं ग्राहि स्निग्धं मेघाबलावहम् ।। स्वाद्वग्लंदीपनं रुच्यं किञ्चित्पित्तकरं लघु । अम्लन्तु पित्तजनकमामं वातकफापहम् ।। Synonyms: Dantabīja, Karaka and Lohitapuṣpaka. 6.35.2: Sweet variety of Daḍima Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) Snigdha. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Spermopiotic, astringent, nootropic and tonic. Therapeutics: Excessive thirst, burning sensations, fever, heart diseases, mouth diseases and halitosis. 6.35.3: Sweet/Sour variety of Dāḍima Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta. Action: Appetizer. 6.35.4: Sour variety of Dāḍima Rasa (Taste): Amla (Sour). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta but Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Indigestion 6.36.1: Bahuvāra (Crodia myxa) अथ बहुवारः (लिसोड़ा) । तस्य नामानि तत्पक्वापक्वफलस्य च गुणाँश्चाह बहुवारन्तु शीतः स्यादुद्दालो बहुचारकः । शेलुः श्लेष्मातकश्चापि पिच्छिलो भूतवृक्षकः ।। बहुवारो विषस्फोटव्रणवीसर्पकुष्ठनुत् । मधुरस्तुवरस्तिक्तः केश्यश्च कफपित्तहृत् ।। फलमामन्तु विष्टम्भि रूक्षं पित्तकफास्रजित् । तत्पक्वं मधुरं स्निग्धं श्लेष्मलं शीतलं गुरु ।। Synonyms: Bahuvāraka, Bhūtavṛkṣa, Picchila, śleṣmātaka, śelu, śīta and Uddāla, Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Hair diseases, poisoning, eruptions, erysipelas and skin diseases. 6.36.2: Unripe fruit of Bahurāra Guṇa(Physical property): Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. 6.36.3: Ripe fruit of Bahuvāra Rasa: (taste): Madhura (Sweet). īṣṇḍṭṛṃūṅñś ṇḍṭṛṃūṅñśṅñś Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta. 6.37: Kataka (Strychnos potatorum) अथ कतकः (निर्मली) । तस्य नामानि तत्फलगुणाँश्चाह पय प्रसादी कतकः कतकं तत्फलं च तत् । कतकस्य फलं नेत्र्यं जलनिर्मलताकरम् ।। वातश्लेष्महरं शीतं मधुरं तुवरं गुरु ।। Synonyms: Payaḥprasadī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Beneficial for eyes. 6.38.1: Drakṣā (Vitis vinifera) अथ द्राक्षा (दाख) । तस्या नामानि तत्पक्वापक्वफलस्य तद्भेदानां च गुणाँश्चाह द्राक्षा स्वादुफला प्रोक्ता तथा मधुरसाsपि च । मृदीका हारहूरा च गोस्तनी चापि कीर्त्तता ।। द्राक्षा पक्वा सरा शीता चक्षुष्या बृंहणी गुरुः । स्वादुपाकरसा स्वार्या तुवरा सृष्टमूत्रविट् ।। कोष्ठमारुतकृद् वृष्या कफपुष्टिरुचिप्रदा ।। हन्ति तृष्णाज्वरश्वासवातवातास्रकामलाः । कृच्छ्रास्रपित्तसंमोहदाहशोषमदात्ययान् ।। आमा स्वल्पगुणा गुवी. सैवाम्ला रक्तपित्तकृत् । वृष्या स्याद् गोस्तनी द्राक्षा गुर्वी च कफपित्तनुत् ।। Synonyms: Gostanī, Hārahūrā, Madhurasā, Mṛdvīkā and Svāduphalā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta but aggravates and Kapha. Action: Laxative, nutritive, diuretic, aphrodisiac and appetizer. Therapeutics: Beneficial for eyes and voice, excessive thirst, fever, asthma, jaundice, dysuria, gout, burning sensation, consumption and alcoholism. 6.38.2: Unripe Drākṣā Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Note: It is inferior as compare to ripe Drākṣā. Unripe Drākṣā having Amla (Sour) taste leads to epistaxis. 6.38.3: Gostanī Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Spermipoitic. 6.38.4: Parvataja Origin: It originates from hilly area. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Note: Parvataja having Amla (Sour) taste vitiates Kapha and leads to hyperacidity. 6.38.5: Karamardikā Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Note: Parvataja having Amla (Sour) taste vitiates Kapha and leads to hyperacidity. 6.39.1: Kṣudrakharjūrī (Phoenix sylvestris) अथ क्षुद्रखजूरी-पिण्डखर्जूरी-छोहारा च । तासां नामानि गुणाँश्चाह भूमिखर्जूरीका स्वाद्वी दुरारोहा मृदुच्छदा । तथ स्तन्धफला काककर्कटी स्वादुमस्तका ।। पिण्डखर्जूरिका त्वन्या सा देशे पश्चिमे भवेत् । खर्जूरी गोस्तनाकारा परद्वीपदिहागता ।। जायते पश्चिमे देशे सा छोहारेति कीर्त्यते । खर्जूरीत्रितयं शीतं मधुरं रसपाकयोः ।। स्निग्धं रुचिकरं हृद्यं क्षतक्षयहरं गुरु । तर्पणं रक्तपित्तघ्न पुष्टिविष्टम्भशुक्रदम् ।। कोष्ठमारुतहृद् बल्यं वान्तिवातकफापहम् । ज्वरातिसारक्षुत्तृष्णाकसश्वासनिवारकम् ।। मदमूर्च्छामरुत्पित्तमद्योद्भूतगदान्तकृत् । महतीभ्यां गुणौरल्पास्वल्पखर्जूरिकास्मृता ।। अथ खर्जूरीतरुतोयगुणानाह खर्जूरीतरुतोयं तु मदपित्तकरं भवेत् । वातश्लेष्महरं रुच्यं दीपनं बलशुक्रकृत् ।। अथ पिण्डखर्जूरीभेदः (सुलेमानी खजूर) । तस्य नामगुणाँश्चाह- सुलेमानी तु मृदुला दलहीनफला च सा । सुलेमानी श्रमभ्रान्तिदाहमूर्च्छाsस्रपित्तहृत्त् ।। Synonyms: Bhūmikharjurikā, Durārohā, Kākakarkaṭi, Mṛducchadā, Skandhaphalā, Svādvī and Svādumastakā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta but aggravates Kapha. Action: Appetizer, cardiac tonic and tonic. Therapeutics: Consumption, phthisis, diarrhoea, polyphagia, excessive thirst, cough, asthma, apoplexy and alcoholism. 6.39.2: Piṇḍakharjūrikā (Phoenix dactylifera) Origin: It originates in western countries. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta but aggravates Kapha. Action: Appetizer, cardiac tonic and tonic. Therapeutics: Consumption, phthisis, diarrhoea, polyphagia, excessive thirst, cough, asthma, apoplexy and alcoholism. 6.39.3: Chuhārā (Artemisia maritima) Origin: It resembles with cow's mammary gland in shape. It also originates in western countries. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta but aggravates Kapha. Action: Appetizer, cardiac tonic and tonic. Therapeutics: Consumption, phthisis, diarrhoea, polyphagia, excessive thirst, cough, asthma, apoplexy and alcoholism. Note: Both Piṇḍakharjurikā and Chuhārā are inferior in medicinal property as compered to Kṣudrakhajūrī (Phoenix sylvestris) hence they are also known as Svalpakharjūrikā. 6.39.4: Water obtained from Kṣudrakharjūrī, Piṇḍakharjūrikā and Chuhārā Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta Kapha and but aggravates Pitta. Action: Spermopiotic, tonic and appetizer. Therapeutics: Alcoholism. 6.39.4: Variety of Piṇḍakharjūrī Synonyms: Dalahīnaphala, Kharjūrī, Mṛulā and Sulemānī. Therapeutics: Fatigue, vertigo, burning sensation and epistaxis. 6.40.1: Vātāda (Prunus amygladus) अथ वातादः (बादाम) । तस्य नामानि तन्मज्जगुणाँश्चाह वातादो वातवैरी स्यान्नेत्रोपमफलस्तथा । वातादः उष्णः सुस्निग्धो वातघ्नः शुक्रकृद् गुरुः । वातादमज्जा मधुरो वृष्यः पित्तानिलापहः । स्निग्धोष्णः कफकृन्नेष्टी रक्तपित्तविकारिणाम् ।। Synonyms: Netropamaphala and vatavairī. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action: Spermopiotic. 6.40.2: Pulp of Vātāda Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Action: Spermopiotic. Contraindication: Epistaxis. 6.41: Seva (Pyrus malus) अथ सेवम् । तस्य गुणाँश्चाह मुष्टिप्रमाणं बदरं सेवं सिवितिकाफलम् ।। सेवं समीरपित्तघ्नं बृंहणं कफकृद् गुरु । रसे पाके च मधुरं शिशिरं रुचिशुक्रकृत् ।। Synonyms: Badara, Muṣṭipramāṇabadara, Seva and Sivitikāphala. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Action:Nutritive, appetizer and spermopiotic. 6.42: Amṛtaphala (Pyrus communis) अथामृतफलम् (यद् बदक्सान-काबिल-प्रभृतिषु देशेषु "नाशपाती" sतिनाम्ना प्रसिद्धम्) तस्य गुणानाह अमृतफलं लघु वृष्यं सुस्वादु त्रीन्हरेद्दोषान् । देशेषु मुद्गलानां-बहुलं तल्लभ्यते लोकैः ।। Synonyms: Badaksāna and Kābila. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac. 6.43: Pīlu (Salvadora persica) अथ पीलुः । तस्य नामानि तत्फलगुणाँश्चाह पीलुर्गुडफलः स्रंसी तथा शीतफलोsपि च । पीलु श्लेष्मसमीरघ्नं पित्तलं भेदि गुल्मनुत् ।। स्वादु तिक्तञ्च यत्पीलु तन्नात्युष्णं त्रीदोषहृत् ।। Synonyms: Guḍaphala, Sra*sī and śītapahala. Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta and Kapha. Action: Laxative. Therapeutics: Abdominal tumor. Note: Pīlu (Salvadora persica) having Madhura (Sweet) and Tikta (Bitter) taste is not extremely Uṣṇa (Hot). It pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. 6.44: Akṣoṭa (Juglans regia) अथाक्षोटः (अखरोट) तस्य नामगुणानाह पीलुः शैलभवोsक्षोटः कर्परालश्च कीर्तितः । अक्षोटकोपि वातादसदृशः कफपित्तकृत् ।। Synonyms: Karparāla, Pīlu and śailabhava. Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Kapha. 6.45: Bījapūra (Citrus medica) अथ बीजपूरः (बिजौरा) । तस्य नामानि तत्फलगुणाँश्चाह- बीजपूरो मातुलुङ्गो रुचकः फलपूरकः । बीजपूरफलं स्वादु रसेsम्लं दीपनं लघु ।। रक्तपित्तहरं कण्ठजिह्वाहृदयशोधनम् । श्वासकासारुचिहरं हृद्यं तृष्णाहरं स्मृतम् ।। Synonyms: Mātuluṅga, Phalapūraka and Rūcaka. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Amla (Acidic). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Action: Appetizer, cardiac tonic and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Epistaxis, cough, asthma, anorexia and excessive thirst. 6.46: Madhukarkaṭī (Citrus decumana) अथ मधुकर्कटी (बिजौराभेद, चकोतरा) । तस्य नामगुणानाह बीजपूरोsपरः प्रोक्तो मधुरो मधुकर्कटी ।। मधुकर्कटिका स्वाद्वी रोचनी शीतला गुरुः । रक्तपित्तक्षयश्वासकासहिक्काभ्रमाण्हा ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Epistaxis, phthisis, cough, asthma, hiccough and vertigo. 6.47.1: First variety of Jambīra (Citrus limon) अथ जम्बीरद्वयम् । तस्य नामानि तत्फलगुणाँश्चाह स्याज्जम्बीरो दन्तशठो जम्भजम्भीरजम्भलाः । जम्बीरमुष्णं गुर्वम्लं वातश्लेष्मविबन्धनुत् । शुलकासकफोत्कलेशच्छर्दितृष्णाssमदोशजित् । आस्यवैरस्यहृत्पीडावहिनमान्द्यक्रिमीन् हरेत् ।। स्वलपजम्बीरिका तद्वतृष्णाच्छर्दिनिवारिणी ।। Synonyms: Dantaśāṭha, Jambha, Jambhalā and Jambhīra. Rasa (Taste): Amla (Acidic). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer, cardiac tonic and tonic. Therapeutics: Constipation, colic, cough, nausea, vomiting, excessive thirst, indigestion, cardiac pain, loss of appetite and worm infestation. 6.47.1: Second variety of Jambīra Synonyms: Svalpajambīrkā. Rasa (Taste): Amla (Acidic). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer, cardiac tonic and tonic. Therapeutics: Constipation, colic, cough, nausea, vomiting, excessive thirst, indigestion, cardiac pain, loss of appetite and worm infestation. 6.48.1: Ni*bu (Citrus medica) अथ निम्बूकम् (कागजी नीबू) । तस्य नामगुणानाह निम्बूः स्री निम्बुकं क्लीबे निम्बूकमपि कीर्त्तितम् । निम्बूकमम्लं वातत्नं दीपनं पाचनं लघु ।। अन्यच्च निम्बूकं कृमिसमूहनाशनं-तीक्ष्णमम्ललुदरग्रहापहम् । वातपित्तकफशूलिने हितं-कष्टनष्टरुचिरोचनं परम् ।। त्रिदोषबहिनक्षयवातरोग-निपीडितानां विषविह्वलानाम् । मन्दानले बद्धगुदे प्रदेयं-विषूचिकायां मुनयो वदन्ति ।। Synonyms: Ni*buka. Rasa (Taste): Amla (Acidic). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action: Appetizer and digestive. 6.48.2: Other varieties of Ni*bu Rasa (Taste): Amla (Acidic). Guṇa (Physical property): Tikṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Anthelnintic. Therapeutics: Abdominal colic, microbial infectionx, anorexia, poisoning, loss of appetite, constipation and cholera. 6.49: Mṣṭanimbū Phala (Citrus limettioides) अथ मिष्टनिन्बूफलम् (मीठा नींबू) । तस्य गुणानाह मिष्टनिम्बूफलं स्वादु गुरु मारुतपित्तनुत् ।। गलरोगविषध्वंसिकफोत्कलेशि च रक्तहृत् । शोषारुचितृषाच्छर्दिहरं बल्यञ्च बृंहणम् ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Amla (Acidic). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Action: Tonic and nutritive. Therapeutics: Diseases of the throat, poisoning, diseases of the blood, consumption, anorexia, excessive thirst and vomiting. 6.50: Karmaraṅga (Avrrhoa carambola) अथ कर्मरङ्गम् (कमरख) । तस्य नामगुणानाह कर्मरङ्ग शिरालं च बृहदम्लं रुजाकरम् । कर्मरंग हिमं ग्राहि स्वाद्वम्लं कफवातहृत् ।। Synonyms: Rujākara, śirāla and Vṛhadamla. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Astringent. 6.51.1: Amlikā (Tamarindus indica) अथाम्लिका (इमली) । तस्या नामानि तत्पक्वफलगुणाँरश्चाह अम्लिका चुक्रिकाsम्ली च चुक्रा दन्ताशठाsपि च । अम्लिकाsम्ला गुरुर्वातहरी पित्तकफास्रकृत् । पक्वा तु दीपनी रूक्षा सरोष्णा कफवातनुत् ।। Synonyms: Amla, Amlī, Cicñikā, Cukrā, Cukrikā, Dantaśaṭha, Tintiḍī and Tintiḍīkā. Rasa (Taste): Amla (Acidic). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta but aggravates Pitta and Kapha. Note: It vitiates the blood. 6.51.2: Unripe Amlikā Rasa (Taste): Amla (Acidic). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) Rūkṣā. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer and laxative. 6.52: Amlavetasa (Garcinia pedunculata) अथाम्लवेतसः (अमलबेंत) । तस्य नामानि तत्फलगुणाँश्चाह स्यादम्लवेतसश्चुक्रं शतवेधि सहस्रनुत् । अम्लवेतसमत्यम्लं भेदनं लघु दीपनम् ।। हृद्रोगशूलगुल्मध्नं पित्तलं लोमहर्षणम् । रूक्षं विण्मूत्रदोषघ्नं प्लीहोदावर्त्तनाशनम् ।। हिक्काssनाहारुचिश्वासकासाजीर्णवमिप्रणुत् ।। कफवातामयध्वंसिच्छागमांसद्रवत्वकृत् । चणकाम्लगुणं ज्ञेयं लोहसूचीद्रवत्वकृत् । Synonyms: Cukra, Sahasranuta and śatavedhi. Rasa (Taste): Amla (Acidic). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Action: Appetizer and laxative. Therapeutics: Heart ailments, colic, abdominal tumor, constipation, tympanites, hiccough, flatulence, anorexia, asthma, cough, indigestion and vomiting. 6.53.1: Unripe fruit of Vṛkṣāmla (Garcinia indica) अथ वृक्षाम्लकम् (विषाम्बिल, कोकम) । तस्य नामानि तत्पक्वापक्वफलगुणाँश्चाह वृक्षाम्लं तिन्तिडीकञ्चचुक्रं स्यादम्लवृक्षकम् । वृक्षाम्लमाममम्लोष्णं वातघ्नं कफपित्तलम् ।। पक्वन्तु गुरु संग्राहि कटुकं तुवरं लघु ।। अम्लोष्णं रोचनं रूक्षं दीपनं कफवातकृत् । तृष्णाsर्शोग्रहणीगुल्मशूलहृद्रोगजन्तुजित् ।। Synonyms: Amlavṛkṣaka, Cukra and Tintiḍīka. Rasa (Taste): Amla (Acidic). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Kapha but pacifies Vāta. 6.53.2: Ripe fruit of Vṛkṣāmla Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent), Kaṣāya (Astringent) Amla (Acidic). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta and Kapha. Action: Astringent, antibacterial and appetizer. Therapeutics: Excessive thirst, hemorrhoids, malabsorption, abdominal tumor, colic, and heart ailments. 6.54: Caturamla (Collection of four fruits) अथ चतुरम्लं पञ्चाम्लं च । तयोर्लक्षणमाह अम्लवेतसवृक्षाम्लबृहज्जम्बीरनिम्वुकैः । चतुरम्लं हि पञ्चाम्लं बीजपूरयुतैर्भवेत् ।। Ingredients: Amlavetasa, Vṛkṣāmla (Garcinia indica), Jambīra (Citrus limon) and Nimbu (Citrus medica). 6.55: Pañcāmla (Collection of five fruits) Ingredients: Amlavetasa, Vṛkṣāmla (Garcinia indica), Jambīra (Citrus limon) and Nimbu (Citrus medica) and Madhukarkaṭī (Citrus decumana). 6.56: Some aspects of fruits अथ परिभाषामाह फलेषु परिपक्वं यद् गुणवत्तदुदाहृतम् । बिल्वादन्यत्र विज्ञेयमामं तद्धि गुणाधिकम् ।। फलेषु सरसं यत्स्याद् गुणवत्तदुदाहृतम् ।। द्राक्षाबिल्वशिवाssदीनां फलं शुष्कं गुणाधिकम् । फलतुल्यगुणं सर्वं मज्जानमपि निर्दिशेत् । फलं हिमाग्निदुर्वातव्यालकीटादिदुषितम् । अकालजं कुभूमीजं पाकातीतं न भक्षयेत् ।। 1. Ripe fruit is considered to be beneficial as compared to unripe but Bilva (Aegle marmelos) is exception. 2. Fresh fruit is considered to be beneficial as compared to dried one but Bilva (Aegle marmelos), Drākṣā (Vitis vinifera) and Haraḍa (Terminalia chebula) are more beneficial in dried form. 3. Medicinal activity of the fruit pulp is similar to that of fruit. 4. The fruit which has been deteriorated by cold, rain, fir, storm, snakes or insets or have been obtained from improper source or have been over ripened should be avoided. CHAPTER 7 Dhātvādivarga धातु-वर्गः 7.1: Numbers of metals तत्रधातूनां लक्षणानि गुणाश्च । स्वर्णं रूप्यं च ताम्रं च वङ्ग यशदमेव च । सीसं लोहं च सप्तैतो धातवो गिरिसंभाः ।। १ ।। Sonā (Gold), Cādī (Silver), Tā*bā (Copper), Rāṅgā (Tin), Jastā (Zinc), Sisā (Lead)and Lohā (Iron). 7.2: Definition of metals वलीपलिखालित्यं कार्श्याsबल्यजरामयान् । निवार्य्य देहं दधति नृणां तद्धातवो मताः ।। सुवर्ण की उत्पत्ति पुरा निजाश्रमस्थानां सप्तर्षीणां जितात्मनाम् । पत्नीर्विलोक्य लावण्यलक्ष्मीसंपन्नयौवनाः ।। ३ ।। कन्दर्पदर्पध्वस्तचेतसो जातवेदसः । पतितं यद्धरापृष्ठे रेतस्तद्धेमतामगात् । कृत्रिमञ्चापि भवति तद्रसेन्द्रस्य वेधतः ।। ४ ।। The substances which prevent baldness, grey hair, emaciation and ageing and increase the productivity of human body are known as metals. 7.3.1: Suvara (Gold) Origin: One upon a time seven seers (Mārīci, Aṅgirā, Atri, Pulastaya, Kṛtu and Vaśiṣṭha) were sitting in their house. Agnideva (Lord of fire) saw beautiful and attractive women of seven seers and got attracted. The emitted seminal fluid came in contact with earth and it lead to origin of gold. Gold is prepared from Pārada (Mercury) by artificial method. 7.3.3: Best quality of Suvarna (Gold) सुवर्ण के नाम स्वर्णं सुवर्णं कनकं हिरण्यं हेम हाटकम् ।। ५ ।। तपनीयं च गांगेयं कलधौतं च कांचनम् । चामीकरं शातकुम्भं तथा कार्त्तस्वरं च तत् ।। ६ ।। जांबूनदं जातरूपं महारजतमित्यपि । रुक्मं लोहवरं चाग्निबीजं चांपेयकर्बुरम् ।। 7.3.2: Synonyms of suvarna (Gold) Cāmīkara, Gāṅgeya, Hema, Hiraṇya, Jāmbūnada, Jātarūpa, Kaladhauta, Kanaka, Kāñcana, Kārtsvara, Mahārajata, śātakumbha, Svarṇa and Tapanīya. सुवर्णं शीतलं वृष्यं बल्यं गुरु रसायनम् । स्वादु तिक्तं च तुवरं पाके तु स्वादु पिच्छिलम् ।। ११ ।। पवित्रं बृंहणं नेत्र्यं मेधास्मृतिमतिप्रदम् । हृद्यमायुष्करं कांतिवाग्विशुद्धिस्थिरत्वकृत् ।।१२ ।। विषद्वये क्षयोन्मादत्रिदोषज्वरशोषजित् ।। १३ ।। बलं सवीर्य्यं हरते नराणां रोगव्रजान् पोषयतीह काये । असौख्यकार्य्येव सदा सुवर्णमशुद्वमेतन्मरणं च कुर्य्यात् ।। १४ ।। अष्चापदं च रसजं तैजसं चापि कीर्त्तितम् ।। ७ ।। प्राकृतं सहजं वह्निसंभूतं खनिसंभवम् । रसेंद्रवेधसं जातं स्वर्ण पंचविधं स्मृतम् ।। ८ ।। दाहे रक्तं सितं छेदे निकषे कुंकुमप्रभम् । तारशुल्बोज्झितं स्निग्धं कोमलं गुरुहेम सत् ।। ९ ।। तच्छ्वेतं कठिनं रूक्षं विवर्ण समलं दलम् । दाहे छेदे सितं श्वतं कषे त्याज्यं लघु स्फुटम् ।। १० ।। 7.3.4: Inferior quality of Suvarṇa (Gold) 1. When heated in fire, gives red colour. 2. White on section. 3. Standard similar to Kesara (Crocus sativus). 4. Free from Cā*dī (Silver) and Tāmbā (Copper). 5. Singdha. 6. Soft. 7. Heavy in measurement. 1. White in appearance. 2. Rough. 3. Rūkṣa. 4. Discolored. 5. Dirty. 6. Black on section. 7. Light in measurement. 8. Breaks on striking. 7.3.5: Ash of suvarna prepared in proper manner (Gold) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Picchila. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta, Kapha and Vāta. Action (s): Aphrodisiac, tonic, nutritive, alterative, anti ageing, cardiac tonic and nootropic Therapeutics: Eye aliments, loss of memory, hoarseness of voice, poisoning of animal and plant origin, phthisis, hysteria, fever and consumption. 7.3.6: Ash of Suvarna prepared in improper manner (Gold) 1. It is harmful for strength and semen. 2. It produces diseases in the body. 3. Lead to death. 7.3.7: Improperly purified ash of Suvarṇa (Gold) 1. It is harmful for strength and semen. 2.It produces diseases in the body. 3. Lead to death. 7.4.1: Rūapya (Silver) रूप्यस्य उत्पत्तिः नामानि गुणाश्च त्रिपुरस्य वधार्थाय निर्निमेर्षर्बिलोचनैः । निरीक्षयामास शिवः क्रोधेन परिपूरितः । अग्निस्तत्कालमपतत्तस्यैकस्माद्विलोचनात् ।। १६ ।। ततो रुद्रः समभवद्वैश्वानर इव ज्वलन् । द्वितीयादपतन्नेत्रादश्रुबिंदुस्तु वामकातु ।। १७ ।। तस्माद्रजतमुत्पन्नमुक्तं कर्मसु योजयेत् । रजतं त्रिविधं प्रोक्तं सहजं खनिजकृत्रिमे ।। १८ ।। रूप्यं तु रजतं तारं चन्द्रकांतिसमप्रभम् । वसूत्तमं च कुप्यं च खर्जूरं रंगबीजकम् ।। १९ ।। गुरु स्निग्धं मृदु श्वेतं दाहे छेदे घनक्षमम् ।। २० ।। वर्णाढ्यं चन्द्रवत्स्वच्छं रूप्यं नवगुणं शुभम् । कठिनं कृत्रिमं रूक्षं रक्तं पीतदलं लघु ।। २१ ।। दाहच्छेदघनैर्नष्टं रूप्यं दुष्टं प्रकीर्तितम् । रूप्यं तिक्तं कषायाम्लं स्वादु पाकरसं सरम् ।। २२ ।। वयसः स्थापनं स्निग्धं लेखनं वातपित्तजित् । प्रमेहादिकरोगांश्च नाशयत्यचिराद्ध्रुवम् ।। २३ ।। तारं शरीरस्य करोति तापं विड्बन्धनं यच्छति शुक्रनाशम् । वीर्यं बलं हंति तलोस्तु पुष्टिं महागदान्पोषयति ह्यशुद्धम् ।। २४ ।। Origin: Lord śiva opened his eyes for killing Tripurāsura. One eye emitted fire which illuminated Lord Rudra. Other eye emitted tears and from here silver originated. 7.4.2: Artificial Rūpya (Silver) It is prepared from combination of Tin and mercury. 7.4.3: Synonyms of Rūpya (Silver) Candrkānti, Rajata, Samtprabha and Tāra. 7.3.4: Best quality of Rūpya (Silver) 1. Heavy in measurement. 2. Snigdha. 3. Soft. 4. White on melting. 5. White on section. 6. Does not break on striking. 7. Good colour. 8. Shinning like moon. 7.3.5: Inferior quality of Rūpya (Silver) 1. Hard. 2. Artificial. 3. Rūkṣa. 4. Red. 5. Strong. 6. Light in measurement. 7. Breaks on melting. 8. Breaks on section. 9. Breaks on striking. 7.3.6: Ash of Rūpya prepared in proper manner Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Amla (Acidic) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action (s): Laxative, anti ageing, cardiac tonic and nootropic Therapeutics: Polyuria. 7.3.7: Ash of Rūpya prepared in improper manner 1. It is harmful for body. 2. It is harmful for semen. 3.It produces diseases in the body. 7.5.1: Tāmra (Copper) ताम्रस्य उत्पत्तिः नामलक्षणगुणाश्च शुक्रं यत्कार्तिकेयस्य पतितं धरणीतलं । तस्मात्ताम्रं समुत्पन्नमिदमाहुः पुराविदः ।। २५ ।। ताम्रमौदुंबरं शुल्बमुदुम्बरमपि स्मृतम् । रविप्रियं म्लेच्छमुखं सूर्य्यपर्यायनामकम् ।। २६ ।। जपाकुसुमसंकाशं स्निग्धं मृदं घनक्षमम् । लोहं नामोज्झितं ताम्रं मारणाय प्रशस्यते ।। २७ ।। कृष्णं रूक्षमतिस्तब्धं श्वेतं चापि घनासहम् । लोहनागयुतं चेति शुल्बं दुष्टं प्रकीर्त्तितम् ।। २८ ।। ताम्रं कषायं च मधुरं तिक्तमम्लं च पाके कटु सारकं च । पित्तापहं श्लेष्महरं च शीतं तद्रोपणं स्याल्लघु लेखनं च ।। २९ ।। पांडूदराज्वरर्शोंकुष्ठकासश्वासक्षयान्पीनसम्मलपित्तम् ।। शोथं कृमिं शूलमपाकरोति प्राहुः परे बृहंणमल्पमेतत् ।। ३० ।। न विषं विषमित्याहुस्ताम्रं तु विषमुच्यते । एको दोषो विषे ताम्रे त्वष्टौ दोषाः प्रकीर्तिताः । दाहः स्वेदोsरुचिर्मूर्च्छा क्लेदो रेको वमिर्भ्रमिः ।। ३१ ।। Origin: Tāmra (Copper) oringinated from semen of Lord Kārtikeya, which came in contact with earth. 7.5.2: Synonyms of Tāmra (Copper) Audumbara, Mlecchamukha, Ravipriya, śulba, Sūrya and Udumbara. 7.5.3: Best quality of Tāmra (Copper) 1. Red in colour. 2. Snigdha. 3. soft. 4. Strong. 5.Free from Iron and Lead. 7.5.4: Inferior quality of Tāmra (Copper) 1. Black. 2. Rough. 3. Excessively hard. 4. Contains Iron and Lead. 7.5.5: Ash of Tāmra (Copper) prepared in proper manner Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) Tikta (Bitter), Amla (Acidic) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Laxative, tonic and styptic Therapeutics: Anaemia, abdominal diseases, hemorrhoids, fever, skin diseases, cough, asthma, phthisis, rhinitis, hyperacidity, oedema, worm infestation and colic. 7.5.7: Eight effects of Ash of Tāmra (Copper) prapered in improper manner 1. Burning sensation. 2. Hyperhidrosis. 3. Anorexia. 4. Apoplexy. 5. Fluid retention. 6. Purgation. 7. Vomiting 8. Vertigo. वङ्गस्य नामलक्षणगुणाः रंगं वंगं त्रपु प्रोक्तं तथा पिच्चटमित्यपि । क्षुरकं मिश्रकं चापि द्विविधं वंगमुच्यते । उत्तमं क्षुरकं तत्र मिश्रकं त्ववरं मतम् ।। ३२ ।। रंगं लघु सरं रूक्षमुष्णं केहकफक्रिमीन् । निहन्ति पाण्डुं सश्वासं चक्षुष्यं पित्तलं मनाक् ।। ३३ ।। सिंहो यथा हस्तिगणं निहन्ति तर्थव वंगोsखिलमेहवर्गम् । देहस्य सौख्यं प्रबलेन्द्रियत्वं नरस्य पुष्टिं विदधाति नूनम् ।। ३४ ।। 7.6.1: Synonyms of Rāṅgā (Tin) Piccaṭa, Trapu and Vaṅga. 7.6.2: Types of Rāṅgā (Tin) 1. Kṣuraka: It is considered to be best. 2. Miśraka: It is considered to be infrior. 7.6.3: Ash of Rāṅgā (Tin) prepared in proper manner Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Laxative, tonic and styptic Therapeutics: Polyuria, eye diseases, worm infestation, anaemia and asthma. It is especially useful for polyuria. 7.7: Yaśada (Zinc) जसदम् (जस्ता) यसदं रंगसदृशं रीतिहेतुश्च तन्मतम् । यसदं तुवरं तिक्तं शीतलं कफपित्तहृत् । चक्षुष्यं परमं मेहान्पाण्डुं श्वासं च नाशयेत् ।। ३५ ।। Synonyms: Raṅgasadṛśa, Rītihetu and Yaśada. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Eye diseases, polyuria, anaema and asthma. सीसस्य उत्पत्तिर्नामानि गुणाश्च दृष्ट्वा भोगिसुतां रम्यां वासुकिस्तु मुमोचयत् । वीर्य्यं जातस्ततो नागः सर्वरोगापहो नृणाम् । सीसं ब्रध्नं च वप्रं च योगेष्टं नागनामकम् ।। ३६ ।। सीसं रंगगुणं ज्ञेयं विशेषान्मेहनाशनम् ।। ३७ ।। नागस्तु नागशततुल्यबलं ददाति व्याधिं विनाशयति जीवनमातनोति । वह्निं प्रदीपयति कामबलं करोति मृत्युं च नाशयति संततसंवितः सः ।। ३८ ।। पाके न हीनौ किल वंगनागौ कुष्ठानि गुल्मांश्च तथातिकष्टान् । कण्डुप्रमेहानलसादशोथभगंदरादीन् कुरुतः प्रयुक्तौ ।। ३९ ।। 7.8.1: Origin of Sīsa (Lead) Sīsa originated from semen of Vāsuki who was attracted by a Nāgakanyā. 7.8.2: Synonyms of Sīsa (Lead) Braghna, Vapra and Yogeṣṭa. 7.8.3: Properties of Sīsa (Lead) Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Laxative, appetizer, tonic and styptic Therapeutics: Polyuria, eye diseases, worm infestation, anemia and asthma. It is especially useful for polyuria. If taken internally for some time it acts as tonic, prevents fro diseases and increases vitality. 7.8.4: Effect of impure Tāmra, Sīsa (Lead) and Rāṅgā (Tin) 1. Abdominal tumor. 2. Pruritis. 3. Polyuria. 4. Vitiation of Vāta. 5. O Edema. 6. Fistula in ano. लोहस्य उत्पत्तिर्नाम लक्षणं गुणाश्च पुरा लोमिनदैत्यानां निहतानां सुरैर्युधि । उत्पन्नानि शरीरेभ्यो लोहानि विविधानि च । लोहोsस्त्री शस्त्रकं तीक्ष्णं पिम्डं कालायसायसी ।। ४० ।। गृरुता दृढतोत्क्लेदकश्मलं दाहकारिता । अश्मदोषः सुदुर्गन्धो दोषाः सप्तायसस्य तु ।। ४१ ।। लोहं तिक्तं शीतं मधुरं तुवरं गुरु । रूक्षं वयस्यं चक्षुष्यं लेखनं वातलं जयेत् ।। ४२ ।। कफं पित्तं गरं शूलं शोथार्शः प्लीहपाण्डुताः । मेदोकेहकृमीन्कुष्ठं तत्किट्टं तद्वदेव हि ।। ४३ ।। षंढत्वकुष्ठामयमृत्युदं भवेद्हद्रोगशूलौ कुरुतेsश्मरीं च । नानारुजानां च तथा प्रकोपं करोति हृल्लासमशुद्धलोहम् ।। ४४ ।। जीवहारि मदकारि चायसं चेदशुद्धिमदसंस्कृतं ध्रुवम् । पाटवं न तनुते शरीरके दारुणं हृदि रुजां च यच्छति ।। ४५ ।। कूष्माण्डं तिलतैलं च माषान्नं राजिकां तथा । मद्यमम्लरसं चापि त्यजेल्लोहस्य सेवकः ।। ४६ ।। 7.9.1: Origin of Lohā (Iron) Lohā originated from bodies of demons named Lomina, who were killed by Devatās. 7.9.2: Synonyms of Lohā (Iron) Ayasa, Kālāyasa, Piṇḍa, śastraka and Tīkṣṇa. 7.9.3: Seven faults of Lohā (Iron) 1. Heavy. 2. Solidity. 3. It leads to nausea. 4. It leads to coma. 5. It leads to burning sensation. 6. Not fit for internal use. 7. Bad smell in mouth. 7.9.4: Properties of Lohā (Iron) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action (s): Laxative and anti ageing. Therapeutics: Colic, edema, hemorrhoids, eye diseases, spleen diseases, obesity, polyuria, worm infestation and skin diseases. 7.9.5: Properties of Kiṭṭa of Lohā (Iron dust) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action (s): Laxative and anti ageing. Therapeutics: Colic, edema, hemorrhoids, eye diseases, spleen diseases, obesity, polyuria, worm infestation and skin diseases. 7.9.6: Faults of impure Lohā (Iron) If Lohā (Iron) is not purified properly it can lead to: 1. Impotency. 2. Skin diseases. 3. Death. 4. Produces diseases. 5. Nausea. 6. Lethargy. 7. Cardiac pain. 7.9.7: Contraindications in Lohā (Iron) Therapy 1. Kūṣmāṇḍa. 2. Seasum oil. 3. Uṇada. 4. Rājikā. 5. Alcohol. 6. Acidic foods. 7.9.8: Sāralauha सारलौहस्य गुणाश्च (Sāralauha) क्षमाभृच्छिखराकाराण्यङ्गन्यम्लेन लेपिते । लौहे स्युर्यत्र सूक्ष्मणि तत्सारमभिधीयते ।। ४७ ।। लोहं सारा-ह्वयं हन्याद् ग्रहणीमतिसारकम् । अर्द्धं सर्वाङ्गजं वातं शूलं च परिणामजम् । छर्दिं च पीनसं पित्तं श्वासं कासं व्यपोहति ।। ४८ ।। कान्तलौह यत् पात्रे न प्रसरति जले तैलबिन्दुः प्रत्प्ते हिंगुर्गंधं त्यजति च निजं तिक्ततां निम्बकल्कः । तप्तं दुग्धं भवति शिखराकारकं नैति भूमिं कृष्णाङ्गः स्यात्सजलचणकः कान्तलोहं तदुक्तम् ।। ४९ ।। Introduction: When this variety when treated with a substance having acidic taste, it results in production of minute and pyramidal structures. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Therapeutics: Malabsorption, diarrhoea, hemiplagia, paraplegia, duodenal ulcer, vomiting, rhinitis, cough and asthma. 7.9.10: Kāntalauha Introduction: Kāntalauha has following characters: 1. When oil is put in a vessel containing water does not spread. 2. Hiṅgu (Ferula asfoetida) when fried in an iron vessel becomes odorless. 3. Bark of Neem (Azadirachta indica) when boiled in an iron vessel becomes free of its bitterness. 4. Milk when boiled in an vessel does not fall on the ground. 5. Black grams when kept in water in an iron vessel become black. Action: Tonic and spemopiotic. गुल्मोदरार्शःशूलाममामवातं भगन्दरम् । कामलाशोथकुष्ठानि क्षयं कान्तमयो हरेत् प्लीहानमम्लपित्तं च यकृच्चापि शिरोरुजम् ।। ५० ।। सर्वान् रोगान्विजयते कान्तलोहं न संशयः । बलावीर्यवपुःपुष्टिं कुरुतेsग्निं विवर्धयेत् ।। ५१ ।। Therapeutics: Abdominal tumor, abdominal diseases, hemorrhoids, colic, indigestion, rheumatism, fistula in ano, jaundice, edema, skin diseases, phthisis, spleen diseases, hyperacidity, liver ailments and headache. 7.9.11: Kiṭṭī (Iron oxide) मंडूर ध्मायमानस्य लोहस्य मलं मण्डूरमुच्यते । लोहसिंहानिका किट्टि सिंहापं च निगद्यते । यल्लोहं यद्गुणं प्रोक्तं तत्किट्टमपि तद्गुणम् ।। ५२ ।। Synonyms: Lohsiṅhānikā, Maṇḍūra and Si*hāṇa. Note: It has been discussed under section 7.9.5. उपधातवः तप्तोपधातवः स्वर्णमाक्षिकं तारमक्षिकम् । तुत्थं कांस्यं च रीतिश्च सिन्दूरश्च शिलाजतु ।। ५३ ।। उपधातुषु सर्वेषु तत्तद्धातुगुणा अपि । सन्ति किन्त्वेषु ते गौणास्तत्तदंशाल्पभावतः ।। ५४ ।। 7.10.1: Upadhātu They are seven in number. 1. Sonāmākhī. 2. Rūpāmākhī. 3. Tūtiyā. 4. Kā*sā. 5. Pītala. 6. Sindūra. 7. śilājīta. 7.10.2: Properties of Upadhātu (Ores) The property of Upadhātu depends of the metal present in it. However the metal present in the Upadhātu has fewer properties as compared to pure metal. The reason for this is small amount of metal present in Upadhātu. 7.10.3: Svarṇamākṣika स्वर्णमाक्षिकम् स्वर्णमाक्षिकमाख्यातं तापीजं मधुमाक्षिकम् ।। ५५ ।। ताप्यं माक्षिकघातुश्च मधु धातुश्च स स्मृतः । किञ्चित्सुवर्णसाहित्यात् स्वर्णमाक्षिकमीरितम् ।। ५६ ।। उपधातुः सुवर्णस्य किञ्चत्स्वर्गुणान्वितम् । तथा च कांचनाभावे दीयते स्वर्णमाक्षिकम् ।। ५७ ।। किन्तु तस्यानुकल्पत्वात् किंचिदूनगुणं ततः । न केवलं स्वर्णगुणो वर्तते स्वर्णमाक्षिकम् ।। ५८ ।। द्रव्यान्तरस्य संसर्गात्संत्यन्येsपि गुणा यतः । सुवर्णमाक्षिकं स्वादु तिक्तं वृष्यं रसायनम् ।। ५९ ।। चक्षुष्यं बस्तिरुक्कुष्ठपाण्डुकेहविषोदरान् । अर्शः शोथं विषं कण्डूं त्रिदोषमपि नाशयेत् ।। ६० ।। मन्दानलत्वं बलहानिमुग्रं विष्टब्धतां नेत्रगदान्सकुष्ठान् । तथैव मालां व्रर्णपूर्विकां च करोति तापीजमशुद्धमेतत् ।। ६१ ।। Synonyms: Madhudhātu, Madhumākṣika, Mākṣikadhātu, Svarṇamākṣika, Tāpaja and Tāpya. Description: Sonāmākhī consists of traces of gold hence it is known as Upadhātu of Suvarṇa (Gold). Although Svarṇamākṣika is substituted for gold but it is inferior as compared to gold. Svarṇamākṣika not only has properties similar to Suvarṇa (Gold) but contains properties of other ingredients also (which are present in Svarṇamākṣika). Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta Pitta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac and tonic Therapeutics: Eye diseases, diseases of the urinary bladder, skin diseases, anaemia, polyuria, poisoning, abdominal diseases, oedema and pruritis. 7.10.3.1: Faults of impure Svarṇamākṣika If not purified properly, Sonāmākhī leads to 1. Low digestive fire. 2.Low state of bloody health. 3. Disturbed digestion. 4. Eye diseases. 5. Skin diseases. 6. Adenitis. 7.10.4: Tāramākṣika तारमाक्षिक तारमाक्षिकमन्यत्तु तद् भवेद्रजतोपमम् । किञ्चिद्रजतसाहित्यात्तारमाक्षिकमीरितम् ।। ६२ ।। अनुकलपतया तस्य ततो हीनगुणं स्मृतम् ।। ६३ ।। न केवलं रूप्यगुणा वर्तन्ते तारमाक्षिके । द्रव्यान्तरस्य संसर्गात्संत्यन्येsपि गुणा यतः ।। ६४ ।। Synonyms: Raupyamākṣika. Description: Tāramākṣika consists of traces of Cā*dī (Silver). Tāramākṣika not only has properties similar to Cā*dī (Silver) but contains properties of other ingredients also (which are present in Tāramākṣika). Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta Pitta and Kapha. Action: Aphrodisiac and tonic Therapeutics: Eye diseases, diseases of the urinary bladder, skin diseases, anemia, polyuria, poisoning, abdominal diseases, edema and pruritis. 7.10.4.1: Faults f impure Tāramākṣika If not purified properly, Sonamukhi leads to 1. Low digestive fire. 2. Low state of body health. 3. Disturebed digestion. 4 Eye diseases. 5. Skin diseases. 6. Adenitis. 7.10.5.1: Tutha तुत्थ तुत्थं वितुन्नकं चापि शिखिग्रीवं मयूरकम् ।। ६५ ।। तुत्थं ताम्रोपधातुर्हि किं च ताम्रेण तद्भवेत् । किंचित्ताम्रगुणं तस्माद्वक्ष्यमामगुणं च तत् ।। ६६ ।। तुत्थंकं कटुकं क्षारं कषायं वामकं लघु । लेखनं भेदनं शीतं चक्षुष्यं कफपित्तहृत् ।। ६७ ।। विषाश्मकुष्ठकंडूघ्नं खर्परं चापि तद्गुणम् ।। ६८ ।। Synonyms: Mayūraka, śikhigrīva and Vitunnaka. Description: Tutha consists of traces of Tāmra (Bronze). Tutha not only has properties similar to Cā*dī (Silver) but contains properties of other ingredients also (which are present in Tutha). Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Alkaline, emetic and laxative. Therapeutics: Eye diseases, obesity, poisoning, calculus, skin diseases and pruritis. 7.10.5.2: Kharpara Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Alkaline, emetic and laxative. Therapeutics: Eye diseases, obesity, poisoning, calculus, skin diseases and pruritis. 7.11: Kā*sya (Bronze) कांस्य ताम्रत्रुजमाख्यातं कांस्यं घोषं च कांसकम् । उपधातुर्भवेत्कांस्यं द्वयोस्तरणिरंगयोः ।। ६९ ।। कांस्यस्य तु गुणा ज्ञेयाः स्वयोनिसदृशा जनैः । संयोगजप्रभावेण तस्यान्येsपि गुणाः स्मृताः ।। ७० ।। कांस्यं कषायं तिक्तोष्णं लंखनं विशदं सरम् । गुरु नेत्रहितं रूक्षं कफपित्तहरं परम् ।। ७१ ।। Synonyms: Ghoṣa, Kā*saka and Tāmrat rapuja. Description: Kā*sa is Upadhātu of both Tāmbā (Copper) and Rāṅgā (Tin). Hence Kā*sa shares properties of both Tāmbā (Copper) and Rāṅgā (Tin). Since Kā*sa contains other ingredients also, it has fewer properties as compared to Tāmbā (Copper) and Rāṅgā (Tin). Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Laxative. Therapeutics: Eye diseases and obesity. 7.12: ārakūṭa आरकूट (पीतल) पित्तलं त्वारकूटं स्यादारोरीतिश्च कथ्यते । राजरीतिर्ब्रह्मरीतिः कपिला पिंगलापि च ।। ७२ ।। रीतिर्प्युपधातुः स्यात्ताम्रस्य यशदस्य च । पित्तस्य गुणा ज्ञेयाः स्वयोनिसदृशा जनैः ।। ७३ ।। संयोगजप्रभावेण तस्यान्येsपि गुणाः स्मृताः ।। ७४ ।। रीतिकायुगलं रूक्षं तिक्तं च लवणं रसे । शोधनं पाण्डुरोगघ्नं नातिलेखनम् ।। ७५ ।। Synonyms: Pittala and Rīti. Description: ārakūṭa Upadhātu of both Tā*bā (Copper) and Jastā (Zinc). Hence ārakūṭa shares properties of both Tā*bā (Copper) and Rāṅgā (Tin). Since ārakūṭa contains other ingredients also, it has shares there properties also. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Lavaṇa (Salt). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Laxative. Therapeutics: Eye diseases and worm infestation. Note: It sets up slight emaciation. 7.13: Sindūra सिन्दूर सिंदूरं रक्तरेणुश्च नागगर्भश्च च सीसकम् । सीसोपधातुः सिंदुरं गुर्णैस्तत्सीसवन्मतम् ।। ७६ ।। संयोगजप्रभावेण तस्याप्यन्य गुणाः स्मृताः । सिंदुरमुष्णवीसर्पकुष्ठकण्डूविश्ज्ञापहम् । भग्नसन्धानजननं व्रणशोधानरोपणम् ।। ७७ ।। Synonyms: Nāgagarbha, Raktareṇu and Sīsaka. Description: Sindūra is Upadhātu of both sīsa (Lead). Hence Sindūra shares properties of Sīsa (Lead). Since ārakūṭa contains other ingredients also, it has shares there properties also. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Action: Styptic. Therapeutics: Erysipelas, skin diseases, fractures, poisoning and ulcers. 7.14.1: śilājīta (Asphlatum punjabianum) शिलाजतु निदाघे घर्मसंतप्ता धातुसारं धराधराः । निर्यासवत्प्रमुञ्चन्ति तच्छिलाजतु कीत्तितम् ।। ७८ ।। सौरवर्णं राजतं ताम्रमायसं तच्चतुर्विधम् । शिलाजत्वद्रिजतु च शैलनिर्यास इत्यपि ।। ७९ ।। गैरेयमश्मजं चापि गिरिजं शैलधातुजम् । शिलाजं कटु तिक्तोष्णं कटु तिक्तोष्णं कटुपाकं रसायनम् ।। ८० ।। छेदि योगवहं हन्ति कफमेदोश्मशर्कराः । मूत्रकृच्छ्रं क्षयं श्वासं वातार्शांसि च पाण्डुताम् ।। ८१ ।। अपस्मारं तथोन्मादं शोथकुष्टोदरक्रमीन् ।। ८२ ।। सौवर्णं तु जपापुष्पवर्मं भवति तद्रसात् । मधुरं कटु तिक्तं च शीतलं कटुपाकि च ।। ८४ ।। लौहं जटायुपक्षाभं स तिक्तं लवणं भवेत् । विपाके कटुकं शीतं सर्वश्रेष्ठमुदाहृतम् ।। ८५ ।। Synonyms: Adrijatu, Aśmaja, Gareya, Girija, śailidhatuja and śailaniryāsa. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṭu (Pungent). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Tonic and Laxative. Therapeutics: Polyuria, calculus, diabetes mellitus, dysuria, asthma, hemorrhoids, anemia, epilepsy, hysteria, edema, skin diseases and worm infestation. Note: śilājīta acts synergistically when given with other drugs. 7.14.2: Sauvarṇa variety of śilājīta Description: It is red in colour, similar to flower of Japā (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis). Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṭu (Pungent). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). 7.14.3: Rajata variety of śilājīta Description: It is pale yellow in colour. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). 7.14.4: Tāmara variety of śilājīta Description: It is dirty brown in colour, similar to neck of peacock. Guṇa (Physical property): Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). 7.14.5: Lauha variety of śilājīta Description: It is dirty black in colour, similar to feathers of vultures. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Lavaṇa (Salt). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). रस रसायनार्थिभिर्लोके पारदो रस्यते यतः । ततो रस इति प्रोक्तः स च धातुरपि स्मृतः ।। ८६ ।। शवांगात्प्रच्युतं रेतः पतितं धरणीतलं । तद्देहसारजातत्वाच्छुवलमचछमभूच्च तत् ।। ८७ ।। क्षेत्रभेदेन विज्ञेयं शिववीर्य्यं चतुर्विधम् । श्वेंतं रक्तं तथा पीतं कृष्णं तत्तु भवेत् क्रमात् ब्राह्मणः क्षत्रियो वैश्यः शूद्रश्च खलु जातितः ।। ८८ ।। श्वेतं शस्तं रुजां नाशे रक्तं किल रसायने । धातुवादं तु तत्पीतं खे गतौ कृष्णमेव च ।। ८९ ।। पारदो रसधातुश्च रसेन्द्रश्च महारसः ।। ९० ।। चपलः शिववीर्य्यश्च रसः सूतः शिवाह् वयः षड्रसः स्निग्धस्त्रिदोषघ्नो रसायनः ।। ९१ ।। योगवाही महावृष्यः सदा दृष्टिबलप्रदः । सर्वामयहरः प्रोक्तो विशेष्ज्ञात्सर्वकुष्ठनुत् ।। ९२ ।। स्वस्थो रसो भवेद् ब्रह्माबद्धोज्ञेयो जनार्दनः । रञ्जितः क्रामितश्चापि साक्षाद्देवो महेश्वरः ।। ९३ ।। 7.15.1: Definition of Rasa It has two aspects: 1. Since it is used for Rasāyana (Tonic) action it is known as Rasa. 2. Rasa stands for Pārada (Mercury) and it is used or nutrition of the human body. 7.15.2: Origin of Pārada (Mercury) पारदप्रशंसा मूर्च्छितो हरति रुजं बन्धनमनुभूय खे गतिं कुरुतें । अजरीकतोति हि मृतः कोsन्यः करुणाकरः सूतात् ।। ९४ ।। असाध्यो यो भवेद्रोगो यस्य नास्ति चिकित्सितम् । रसेन्द्रो हन्ति तं रोगं नरकुञ्जरवाजिनाम् ।। ९५ ।। मलं विषं बह्निगिरित्वचापलं नैसर्गिकं दोषमुशन्ति पारदे । उपाधिजौ द्वौ त्रपुनागयोगजौ दोषौ रसेन्द्रे कथितौ मुनीश्वरैः ।। ९६ ।। मलेन मूर्च्छा मरणं विषेण दाहोsग्निना कष्टतरः शरीरे । देहस्य जाड्यं गिरिणा सदा स्याच्चांचयतो वीर्यहृतिश्च पुंसाम् । वंगेन कूष्ठं भुजगेन षण्ढो भवेत्ततोsसौ परिशोधनीयः ।। ९७ ।। वह्निविषं मलं चेति मुख्या दोस्त्रयो रसे । एते कुर्वन्ति सन्तापं मृतिं मूर्च्छां नृणां क्रमात् ।। ९८ ।। अन्येsपि कथिपा दोषा भिषग्भिः पारदे यदि । तथाप्येते त्रयो दोषा हरणीया विशेषतः ।। ९९ ।। संस्कारहीनं खलु सूतराजं यस्सेवते तस्य करोति बाधाम् । देहस्य नाशं विदधाति नूनं कष्टांश्च रोगञ्जनयेन्नराणाम् ।। १०० ।। Pārada originated form semen of Lord śiva. Since it was Produced form semen it acquired clearness and whiteness. 7.15.3: Types fo Pārada (Mercury) 1. Brāhamaṇa: It is of white colour. 2. Kṣatriya: It is of red colour. 3. Vaiśya: It is of yellow colour. 4. śūdra: It is black colour. 7.15.4: Properties of four types of Pārada (Mercury) 1. Brāhamaṇa: It is used for therapeutic use. 2. Kṣatriya: It is used for tonic action. 3. Vaiśya: It is used in Ayurvedic alchemy. 4. śūdra: It is used for meditation. 7.15.5: Properties of Pārada (Mercury) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Amla (Acidic), Lavaṇa (Salt), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṭu (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, and Pitta Kapha. Action: Tonic and aphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Beneficial for eye vision and skin diseases. 7.15.6: Names of Pārada (Mercury) of stages 1. Brahmā: It represunts pure mercury. 2. Badha: It represents impure mercury. 3. Rañjita: It represents coloured state of mercury. 4. Krāmita: It represents mercury used for aphrodisiac purpose. 7.15.7: Importance of Pārada (Mercury) 1. Pārada (Mercury) processed according to rules and regulations, is helpful for alleviating diseases. 2. Processed mercury ahs anti ageing effect. 3. Mercury is helpful is alleviating incurable diseases of humans, elephants and horses. 7.15.8: Natural impurities of Pārada (Mercury) 1. Mala 2. Viṣa. 3. Agni. 4. Giridoṣa. 5. Cāpalā. 6. Adulteration with Rāṅgā (Tin). 7. Adulteration with Sīs (Lead). 7.15.9: Impact of natural impurities of Pārada (Mercury) 1. Mala leads to coma. 2. Viṣa leads to death. 3. Agni leads to pain in the body. 4. Giridoṣa lead to lethargy. 5. Cāpala is harmful for semen. 6. Adulteration with Rāṅgā (Tin) leads to skin diseases. 7. Adulteration with Sīsa (Lead) leads to impotency. Keeping in mind above impurities of Pārada (Mercury), it should be properly purified. 7.15.10: Effect of use of Pārada (Mercury) not processed properly 1. Painful. 2. Produces diseases. 3. Lead to death. उपरसाः गन्धो हिङगुलमभ्रतालकशिलाः स्रोतोञ्जनं चकंणं राजावर्तकचुम्बकौस्फुटिकया शंखः खटीगैरिकम् । कासीसं रसकं कपर्दसिकताबोलाश्च कङकुष्ठकम् सौराष्ट्री च मता अमी उपरसाः सूतस्य किञ्चिद्गुणैः ।। १०१ ।। 7.16.1: Uprasa Gandhaka, Hiṅgula, Abhraka, Haratāla, Mainaśila, Surmā, Suhaga, Rājāvartaka, Cumbaka, Phitajarī, śa*kha, Khariyā, Gerū, Kāsīsa, Khapriya, Kauḍī, Bālū, Bola, Ka*kuṣṭha and ṣaurāṣṭri maṭṭī. 7.16.2: Hiṅgula हिंगुलस्य नामानि गुणाश्च हिंगुलं दरदं म्लेच्छमिंगुलं चूर्णपारदम् । मक्षिरंगं सुरंगं च नाम्ना कर्मारबन्धनम् ।। ११० ।। दरदस्त्रिविधः प्रोक्तश्चर्मारः शुकतुण्डकः । हंसपादस्तृतीयः स्याद् गुणवानुत्तरोत्तरम् ।। १११ ।।। चर्मारः शुक्लवर्णः स्यात्स पीतः शुकतुण्डकः । जपाकुसुमसंकाशो हंसपादो महोत्तमः ।। ११२ ।। तिक्तं कषायं कटु हिंगलं स्यान्नेत्रामयघ्नं कफपित्तहारि । हृल्लासकुष्ठज्वरकामलाश्च प्लीहामवातौ च गरं निहन्ति ।। ११३ ।। ऊर्द्ध्वतातनयुक्त्या तु डमरूयन्त्रपाचितम् । हिंगुलं तस्य तं सूतं शद्धमेव न शोधयेत् ।। ११४ ।। Synonyms: Cūraṇapārada, Darada, Iṅgula and Mleccha. Types: 1. Carmāra. 2. śuktuṇḍaka and 3. Ha*sapāda. Out of three types; Ha*sapāda is considered to be superior. 1. Carmāra is white coloured. 2. śuktuṇḍaka is yellow coloured. 3. Ha*sapāda is red coloured. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter), Kaṭu (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Nausea, eye diseases, skin diseases, fever, jaundice, spleen diseases, rheumatism and poisoning. 7.16.3: Pārada (Mercury) derived from Hiṅgula Pārada (Mercury) extracted from Hiṅgula by distillation in an instrument (Damarūyantra) is highly pure and does not require further process for purification. 7.16.4: Gandhaka (Sulphur) गंधक श्वेतद्वीपे पुरा देव्याः क्रीडन्त्या रजसाप्लुतम् । दुकूलं तेन वस्त्रेण स्नातायाः क्षीरनीरधौ ।। १०२ ।। प्रसुतं यद्रजस्तस्माद् गन्धकः समभूत्तदा । गंधिको गंधिकश्चापि गंधपाषाण ।। १०३ ।। सौगन्धिकश्च कथितो बलिर्बलरसोपि च ।। १०४ ।। चतुर्धागन्धकः प्रोक्तो रक्तः पीतः सितोsसितः ।। १०५ ।। रक्तो हेमक्रियासूक्तः पीतश्चैव रसायने । व्रणादिललेपने श्वेतः कृष्णः श्रेष्ठः सुदुर्लभः ।। १०६ ।। गन्धकः कटुकस्तिक्तो वीर्योष्णस्तुवरः सरः । पित्तलः कटुकः पाके कण्डुवीसर्पजन्तुजित् ।। १०७ ।। हन्ति कुष्ठक्षयप्लीहकफवातान् रसायनः ।। १०८ ।। अशाधितो गन्धक एष कुष्ठं करोति तापं विषमं शरीरे । सौख्यं च रूपं च बलं तथौजः शुक्रं निहन्त्तयेव करोति चास्रम् ।। १०९ ।। Origin: Once upon a time Pārvatī's cloth was stained with menstrual fluid in śvetadvīpa. When she took bath in Kṣīra Ocean, the menstrual fluid which got distributed in water gave orgin to sulphur. Synonyms: Bali, Balarasa, Gandhapāṣāṇa, Gandhika and Saugandhika. 7.16.4.1: Uses of four types of Gandhaka (Sulphur) 1. Red is used in the preparation of gold 2. Yellow is sued as tonic. 3. White is sued as paste in external ulcers. 4. Black is used is sued for variety of purpose and is rarely distributed. 7.16.4.2: Properties of Gandhaka (Sulphur) Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter), Kaṭu (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Laxative and tonic. Therapeutics: Worm infestation, pruritis, erysipelas, skin diseases, phthisis and spleen diseases. 7.16.4.3: Faults of impure Gandhaka (Sulphur) Gandhaka if not properly purified can lead to 1. Skin diseases, 2. Irregular fever. 3. Blood diseases. 4. It is harmful for complexion, strength, immunity and semen. 7.17.1: Origin of Abhraka अभ्रक पुरा वधाय वृत्रस्य वज्रिणा वज्रमुद्धृतम् । विस्फुलिङ्गास्ततस्तस्माद् गगने परिसर्पिताः ।। ११५ ।। ते निपेतुर्धनध्वानाः शिखरेषु महीभृताम् । तेभ्त एव समुत्पन्नं तत्तद्गिरिषु चाभ्रकम् ।। ११६ ।। तद्वज्रं व वज्रपातत्वादभ्रमभ्ररवोद्भवात् । गगनात्स्खतितं यस्माद् गगनं च ततो मतम् ।। ११७ ।। विप्रक्षत्रियविट्शूद्रभेदात्तस्माच्चतुर्विधः । क्रमेणैव सितं रक्तं पीतं कृष्णं च वर्णतः ।। ११८ ।। प्रशस्यते सितं तारे रक्तं तत्तु रसायने । पीतं हेमनि कृष्णं तु गदेषु द्रुतयेsपि च ।। ११९ ।। पिनाकं दर्दुरं नागं वज्रं चेति चतुर्विधम् । मुञ्चत्यग्नौ विनिक्षिप्तं पिनाकं दलसंचयम् ।। १२० ।। अज्ञानाद् भक्षणं तस्य महाकुष्ठप्रदायकम् । दर्दुरं त्वग्निनिक्षिप्तं कुरुते दर्दुरध्वनिम् ।। १२१ ।। गोलकान् बहुशः कृत्वा स स्यान्मृत्युप्रदायकः । नागं तु नागवद्वह्नौ फूत्कारं परिमुंचति ।। १२२ ।। तद् भक्षितमवश्यं तु विदधाति भगन्दरम् ।। वज्रन्तु वज्रवत्तिवत्तिष्ठेत्तन्नाग्नौ विकृतिं व्रजेत् । सर्वाभ्रषु वरं व्याधिवार्द्धक्यमृत्युहृत् ।। १२३ ।। अभ्रंमुत्तरशैलौत्थं बहुसत्त्वं गुणाधिकम् । दक्षिणाद्रिभवं स्वलपसत्त्वमल्पगुणप्रदम् ।। १२४ ।। अभ्रं कषायं मधुरं सुशीतमायुष्कारं धातुविवर्द्धनं च । हन्यात्त्रिदोषं व्रणमेहकुष्ठं प्लीहोदरं ग्रंथिविषक्रिमींश्च ।। १२५ ।। रोगान् हंति द्रढयति वपुर्वीर्य्यवृद्धिं विधत्तं तारुण्याढ्यं रमयति शतं योषितां नित्यमेव । दीर्घायुष्काञ्जनयनि सुतान् विक्रमैः सिंहतुल्यान्मृत्योर्भीतिं हरति सततं सेव्यमानं मृताभ्रम् ।। १२६ ।। पीडां विधत्ते विविधां नराणां कुष्ठं क्षयं पांडुगदं च शोथम् । हृत्पार्श्वपीडां च करोत्यशुद्धमभ्रंत्वसिद्धं गुरुतापदं स्यात् ।। १२७ ।। When Lord Indra used vajra (a weapon) to kill Vṛtrāsura, lightening from the vajra struck the space. This resulted in cloud bursting that further struck mountains. The mountains which came in contact with lightening resulted in origin of Abhraka. 7.17.2: Synonyms: of Abhraka Gagana and Vajra. 7.17.3: Types of Abhraka 1. Brāhamaṇa: It is of white coloured. 2. Kṣatriya: It is of red colour. 3. Vaiśya: It is of yellow colour. 4. śūdra: It is black colour. 1. Brāhamaṇa: It is used for preparation of Cāndī (Silver). 2. Kṣatriya: It is for tonic action. 3. Vaiśya: It is used for preparation of Suvarṇa (Gold). 4. śūdra: It is used for therapeutic purpose. 7.17.3: Other types of Abhraka 1. Pināka: This type when put in fire, beaks into pieces. If consumed it can lead to skin diseases. 2. Dardura: It produces noise (like forg) when put in fire. If consumed it can lead to nodules. 3. Nāga: It produces hissing sound (like snake) when put in fire. If consumed it can definitely lead to fistula formation. 4. Vajra: This variety remains unchanged when put in fire. It is considered to be best among all types as it used for alleviating diseases, preventing ageing and death. 7.17.4: Properties of Abhraka according to origin: 1. Abhraka originating from northern mountains is more potent and has more properties. 2. Abhraka originating from rastern mountains is less potent and has less property. 7.17.5: Bhasma of Abhraka (Ash of mica): Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Anabolic and anti ageing. Therapeutics: Polyuria, ulcer, ski diseases, spleen diseases, abdominal diseases, adenitis, poisoning and worm infestation. If Abhraka is taken regularly it imparts strengthens the body and increases vitality. The person consuming Abhraka can do intercourse with hundred ladies. 7.17.7: Faults of impure Abhraka Impure Abhraka can lead to 1. Skin diseases. 2. Pthisis. 3. Anaemia. 4. Oedema. 5. Hear ailments. 6. Pain in the ribs. 7.17.8: Faults of Abhraka processed not according to proper method If unprocessed Abhraka is consumed, it produces lot of distress. 7.18.1: Haritāla हरिताल हरितालं तु तालं स्वादालं तालकमित्यपि । हरितालं द्विधा प्रोक्तं पत्राख्यं पिण्डसंज्ञकम् ।। १२८ ।। तयोराद्यं गुणैः श्रेष्ठं ततो हीनगुणं परम् । स्वर्णवर्णं गुरु स्निग्धं सपत्रं चाभ्रपत्रवत् ।। १२९ ।। पत्राख्यं तालकं विद्याद् गुणाढ्यं तद्रसायनम् निष्पत्रं पिण्डसदृशं स्वल्पसत्तवं तथा गुण ।। १३० ।। स्त्रीपुष्पहारकं स्वल्पगुणं तत्पिडतालकम् । हरितालं कटु स्निग्धं कटु स्निग्धं कषायांष्णं हरेद्विषम् । कण्डुकुष्ठास्यरोगास्रकफपित्तकचव्रणान् ।। १३१ ।। हरति च हरितालं चारुतां देहजातां सृजति च बहुतापानङ्गसंकोचपीडाम् । वितरति कफवातौ कुष्ठरोगं विदध्यादिदमशितमशुद्धं मारितं चाप्यसम्यक् ।। १३२ ।। Synonyms: āla, Tāla and Tālaka. 7.18.2: Types of Haritāla 1. Patrākhya: It is considered to be the best type. It has following properties: Description: It ocurs in sheets (like Abhraka). Colour: Red. Guṇa (Porperty): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Action: Tonic. 2. Piṇḍasa*jñayaka: It is considered to be the less potent as compared to Patrākhya. It has following properties: Description: It does not occur in sheets Note: It is said to be harmful for semen and menstrual fluid. 7.18.3: Properties of Haritāla Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Porperty): Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot) and Snigdha. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Laxative and tonic. Therapeutics: Poisoning, pruritis, skin diseases, diseases of the mouth, blood diseases, hair diseases and ulcer. 7.17.4: Faults of Haritāla not processed according to proper method If unprocessed Abhraka is consumed, it produces lot of distress and pain in the body. 7.18.1: Manaḥśilā मनःशिला मनःशिला मनोगुप्ता मनोह्वा नागजिह्विका । नैपाली कुनटी गोला शिला दिव्यौषधिः स्मृता ।। १३३ ।। मनःशिला गुरुर्वर्ण्या सरोषणा लेखनी कटुः । तिक्ता स्निग्धा विषश्वासकासभूतकफास्रनुत् ।। १३४ ।। मनः शिला मंदबलं करोति जन्तुं ध्रुवं शोधनमन्तरेण । मलानुबन्धं किल मूत्ररोधं सशर्करं कृच्छ्रगदं च कुर्यात् ।। १३५ ।। Synonyms: Divya-uṣadhi, Golā, Kunaṭī, Manoguptā, Manohvā, Nāgajihivikā, Nepālī and śilā. 7.18.2: Properties of Manaḥśilā Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Porperty): Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Alterative and laxative. Therapeutics: Poisoning, cough, asthma, microbial infections and blood diseases. 7.18.3: Faults of Manaḥśilā not processed according to proper method If unprocessed Manaḥśilā is consumed, it produces prostration, constipation, dysuria and glycosuria. 7.19.1: Añjana अंजन, स्रोतोsञ्जन और सौवीर अञ्जनं यामुनं चापि कापोताञ्जनमित्यपि । तत्तु स्रोतोञ्जनं कृष्णं सौवीरं श्वेतमीरितम् ।। १३६ ।। वल्मीकशिखराकारं भिन्नमंजनसन्निभम् । घृष्टं तु गैरिकाकारमेतत्स्रोतोञ्जनं स्मृतम ।। १३७ ।। स्रोतोञ्जनसमं ज्ञेयं सौवीरं तत्तु पाम्डुरम् । स्रोतोञ्जनं स्मृतं स्वादु चक्षुष्यं कफपित्तनुत् ।। १३८ ।। कषायं लेखनं स्निग्धं ग्राहि च्छर्दिविषापहम् । सिध्मक्षयास्रहृच्छीतं सेवनीयं सदा बुधैः ।। १३९ ।। स्रोतोञ्जनगुणाः सर्वे सौवीरेsपि मता बुधैः । किंतु द्वयोरंजनयोः श्रेष्ठ स्रोतोंजनं स्मृतम् ।। १४० ।। Synonyms: Kāpotāñjana and Yāmuna. 7.19.2: Srotoñjana Introduction: It is of black colour. It is pyramidal in shape and on breaking, it looks like pieces of Añjana and on rubbing it looks like Gerū (Ochre). Among two varieties, Srotoñjana is considered to be superior. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Porperty): Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Obesity, Vomiting, poisoning, skin diseases, phthisis and blood diseases. 7.19.3: Sauvīrāñjana Introduction: It is of pale yellow colour. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Porperty): Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Obesity, Vomiting, poisoning, skin diseases, phthisis and blood diseases. 7.20: Taṅkaṇa (Borax) टंकण टंकणोsग्निकारो रूक्षः कफघ्नो वातपित्तकृत् । Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta and Pitta but pacifies Kapha. Action: Appetizer. 7.21: Sphaṭikā स्फटिका स्फटि च स्फकि प्रोक्ता श्वेता चशुभरंगदा । दृढरंगा रंगदृढा दृढा रंगापि कथ्यते ।। १४१ ।। स्फटिका तु कषायोष्णा वातपित्तकफव्रणान् । निहन्ति श्वित्रवीसर्पान् योनिसंकोचकारिणी ।। १४२ ।। Synonyms: Dṛḍhraṅgā, Raṅgā, Raṅgāṅgā, Raṅgadṛdhā, Sphaṭī kā Sphaṭī śubhrā and śvetā. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Ulcer, leucoderma and erysipelas. 7.22: Rājāvarta राजावर्त राजावर्त्तो नृपावर्त्तो राजन्यावर्त्तकस्तथा । आवर्त्तमणिसंज्ञश्च ह्यावर्तोsपि तथैव च ।। १४३ ।। राजावर्तः कटुस्तिक्तः शिशिरः पित्तनाशनः । राजावर्तः प्रमेहघ्नश्छर्दिहिक्कानिवारणः ।। १४४ ।। Synonyms: āvarta, āvartamaṇisaṅjñaka, Nṛpavarta and Rājanyāvarta. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Therapeutics: Polyuria, Vomiting and hiccough. 7.23: Cumbaka चुम्बक चुम्बकः कांतपाषाणोsयस्कांतो लोहकर्षकः । चुम्बको लेखनः शीतो मेदोविषगदापहः ।। १४५ ।। Synonyms: Ayaskānta, Kāntapāṣāṇa and Lauhakarṣaka. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Therapeutics: Obesity and poisoning. 7.24.1: Gairika गैरिक गैरिकं रक्तधातुश्च गैरेयं गिरिजं तथा । स्वर्णगेरिकमन्यत्तु ततो रक्ततरं हि तत् ।। १४६ ।। गेरिकद्वितयं स्निग्ध मधुरं तुवरं हिमम् । चक्षुष्यं दाहपित्तास्रकफहिक्काविषापहम् ।। १४७ ।। Synonyms: Gaireya, Girija and Raktadhātu. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Porperty): Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Blood diseases, eye diseases, burning sensation, hiccough and poisoning. 7.24.2: Suvarṇagarika Introduction: It is of red colour. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Porperty): Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Blood diseases, eye diseases, burning sensation, hiccough and poisoning. 7.25.1: Khaṭikā खटिका (खड़िया) खटिका कठिनी चापि लेखनी च निग्द्यते । खटिका दाहास्रजिच्छिता मधुरा विषशोथजित् ।। १४८ ।। लेपादेते गुणाः प्रोक्ता भक्षिता मृत्तिकासमाः । खटी गौरखटी द्वे च गुणैस्तुल्ये प्रकीर्तिते ।। १४९ ।। Synonyms: Kaṭhinī and Lekhanī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Therapeutics: Blood diseases, burning sensation, oedema and poisoning. Note: The drug is applied externally for above indications. 7.25.1: Gaura Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Therapeutics: Blood diseases, burning sensation, oedema and poisoning. 7.26: Bālukā बालुका बालुका सिकता प्रोक्ता शर्करा रेतजापि च । बालुका लेखनी शीता व्रणोरःक्षतनाशिनी ।। १५० ।। खर्पर खर्परी तुत्थकं तुत्थादन्यत्तद्रसकं स्मृतम् । ये गुणास्तुत्थके प्रोक्तास्ते गुणा रसके स्मृताः ।। १५१ ।। Synonyms: Retajā, śarjarā and Siktā Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Obesity, ulcer and diseases of the thorax. 7.27: Tuthabheda खर्पर(Kharpara) खर्परी तुत्थकं तुत्थादन्यत्तद्रसकं स्मृतम् । ये गुणास्तुत्थके प्रोक्तास्ते गुणा रसके स्मृताः ।। १५१ ।। Synonyms: Kharparī, Rasaka and Tuthaka. Therapeutics: It is similar to Tūtiyā (Copper sulphate). 7.28.1: Kāśīśa काशीश कशीशं धातुकाशीशं पांशुकाशीशमित्यपि । तदेव किंचित्पीतं तु पुष्पकाशीशमुच्यते ।। १५२ ।। काशीशमम्लमुष्णं च तिक्तं च तुवरं तथा । वातश्लेष्महरं केश्यं नेत्रकण्डूविषप्रणुत् । मूत्रकृच्छ्राश्मरी श्वित्रनाशनं परिकीर्त्तितम् ।। १५३ ।। सौराष्ट्री तुवरी तुवरी काली मृत्तालकसुराष्ट्रजे ।। १५४ ।। आढकी चापि सा ख्याता मृत्स्ना च सुरमृत्तिका । स्फुटिकाया गुणाः सर्वे सौराष्ट्र्या अपि कीर्त्तिताः ।। १५५ ।। Synonyms: Dhātukāīṣṇḍṭā and Pā*śukāśīśa. Rasa (Taste): Amla (Acidic), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Porperty): Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Itching in the eyes, poisoning, dysuria, calculus and leucoderma. 7.28.2: Puṣpakāśīśa It is Kāśīśa with slight yellow colour. 7.29: Saurāṣṭrī Mṛīttikā Synonyms: āḍhakī, Kālī, Mṛttālaka, Mṛtsanā, Suraṣaṭrī, Suramṛitikā and Tubrī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Ulcer, leucoderma and erysipelas. 7.30: Kṛṣṇa Mṛtikā कृष्णमृत्तिका- मृन्मृदा मृत्तिका मृत्स्ना क्षेत्रजा कृष्णमृत्तिका । कृष्णमृत्क्षतदाहास्रप्रदरश्लेष्मपित्तनुत् ।। १५६ ।। Synonyms: Kṛṣṇamṛta, Kṣetrajā, Mṛnmṛdā, Mṛttikā and Mṛtsanā. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Pthisis, burning sensation, diseases of the blood and menorrhagia. 7.31: Kardama कर्द्दम पङ्कस्तु जलकल्कश्च चुलुकः कर्दमो मलः । चिकिलः पलितो द्रापः पललश्च निषद्वरः । कर्दमो दाहपित्तास्रशोथघ्नः शीतलः सरः ।। १५७ ।। Synonyms: Cikila, Culuka, Drāpa, Jalakalka, Niṣdvara, Palala, Palita and Paṅka. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Action: Laxative Therapeutics: Burning sensation, blood diseases and oedema. 7.31: Kapardaka कपर्दक (कोवरीज) कपर्दको वराटश्च कपर्द्दी च वराटिका । कपर्दिका हिमा नेत्रहिता स्फोटक्षयापहा । कर्णस्रावाग्निमांद्यघ्नी पित्तास्रकफनाशिनी ।। १५८ ।। Synonyms: Kapardī, Kapardaka, Varāṭa and Varāṭikā. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Action: Laxative Therapeutics: Burning sensation, blood diseases and oedema. 7.32: śa*kha शंख (कोंच) शंखः समुद्रजः कम्बः सुनादः पावनध्वनीः शंखो नेत्र्यो हिमः शीतो लघुः पित्तकफास्रजित् ।। १५९ ।। Synonyms: Kambu, Pavanadhavani, Samudraja and Sunada. Guṇa (Porperty): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Eye diseases and blood diseases. 7.33: Bola (Commiphora myrrha) बोल बोलं गन्धरसं प्राणपिण्डगोपरसाः स्मृताः । बोलं रक्तहरं शीतं मेध्यं दीपनपाचनम् ।। १६० ।। मधुरं समुद्रजः कम्बुः सुनादः पावनध्वनिः । शंखो नेत्र्यो हिमः शीतो लघुः पित्तकफास्रजित् ।। १६१ ।। Synonyms: Gandharasa, Goparasā, Piṇḍa and Prāṇa. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Porperty): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Blood diseases, burning sensation, hyperhidrosis, fever, epilepsy and skin diseases. 7.33.1: Kaṅkuṣtha (Rheum emodi) कंकुष्ठ हिमवद्पाद्शिखरे कंकुष्ठमुपजायते । तत्रैकं रक्तकालं स्यात्तदन्यदण्डकं स्मृतम् ।। १६२ ।। पीतमप्रभं गुरु स्निग्धं श्रेष्ठं कंकुष्ठमादिम्म । श्यामं पीतं लघु त्यक्तसत्त्वं नेष्टं तथाsण्डकम् ।। १६३ ।। कंकुष्ठं काककुष्ठं च विरङ्गं कोलकाकुलम् । कंकुष्ठं रेचनं तिक्तं कटूष्णं वर्णकारकम् । कृमिशोथोदराध्मानगुल्मानाहकफापहम् ।। १६४ ।। Origin: It originates from mountains near Himalayas. Types: 1. Raktakāla and 2. Aṇḍaka. 7.33.2: Raktakāla Colour: Yellow. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Singdha. Note: It is considered to be the best type of Kaṅkuṣtha. 7.33.3: Aṇḍaka Colour: Pale yellow. Guṇa (Porperty): Laghu (Light). Note: It is considered to be the less potent. 7.33.4: Synonyms and properties of Kaṅkuṣṭha Synonyms: Kaṅkuṣṭha, Kolakākūla and viraṅga. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṭu (Pungent). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Laxative and alterative. Therapeutics: Worm infestation, oedema, abdominal diseases, flatulence, and abdominal tumor. 7.34.1: Ratna रत्नानि रत्नस्य निरुक्तिः धनार्थिनो जनाः सर्वे रमन्तेsमिमन्नतीव यत् । ततो रत्नमिति प्रोक्तं शब्दशास्त्रविशारदैः ।। १६५ ।। The term Ratna signifies euphoria which the people having Ratna possess. रत्ननामानि रत्नं क्लीबे मणिः पुंसि स्त्रियामपि नगद्यते । तत्तु पाषाणभेदोsस्ति मुक्तादि च तदुच्यते । रत्नं मणिर्द्वयोरश्मजातौ मुक्तादिकेsपि च ।। १६६ ।। Mani. 7.34.2: Synonyms of Ratana रत्नानां निरूपणम् रत्नं गारुत्मतं पुष्परागो मणिक्यमेव च । इन्द्रनीलश्च गोमेदस्तथा वैदुर्य्यमित्यपि । नौक्तिकं विद्रुमश्चेति रत्नान्युक्तानि वै नव ।। १६७ ।। Ratna, Gārutamata, Puṣparāga, Māṇikya, Indranīla, Gomeda, Vaidūryā, Mauktika and Vidruma. 7.34.3: Number of Ratana मक्ताफलं हीरकश्च वैदूर्य्यं पद्मरागकम् ।। १६८ ।। पुष्पराजं च गोमेदं नीलं गारुत्मतं तथा । प्रवालयुक्तान्येतानि महारत्नानि वै नव ।। १६९ ।। Ratna, Gārutamata, Puṣparāga, Māṇikya, Indranīla, Gomeda, Vaidūryā, Mauktika and Vidruma. 7.34.4: Number of Ratana according to Viṣṇudharmottara Muktā, Hīra, Vaidūrya, Padamarāga, Puṣparāga, Gomeda, Nīlama, Garutmata and Pravāla. 7.34.5.1: Synonyms of Hiraka हीरकस्य नामानि लक्ष्णं गुणाश्च हीरकः पुंसि वज्रोsस्त्रि चन्द्रो मणिवरश्च सः । सतु श्वेतः स्मृतो विप्रो लोहितः क्षत्रियः । पीतो वैश्योsसितः शूद्रश्चतुवर्णत्मकश्च सः ।। १७० ।। रसायने मतो विपः सर्वसिद्धिप्रदायकः । क्षत्रियां व्याधिविध्वंसी जरामृत्युहरः स्मृतः ।। १७१ ।। वैश्यो धनप्रदः प्रोक्तस्तथा देहस्य दार्ढ्यकृत् । शूद्रो नाशयति व्याधीन् वयः स्तम्भं करोति च ।। १७२ ।। पुंस्त्रिनपुंसकानीह लक्षणीयानि लक्षणैः । सुवृत्ताः फलसंपूर्णास्तेजोयुक्ता बृहत्तराः ।। १७३ ।। पुरुषास्ते समाख्याता रेखाबिन्दुविवर्जिताः रेखाबिन्दुसमायुक्ताः षडस्रास्ते स्त्रयः स्मृताः ।। १७४ ।। त्रिकोणाश्च सुदीर्घास्ते विज्ञेयाश्च नपुंसकाः । तेषु स्युः पुरुषाःप श्रेष्ठा रसबन्धनकारिणः ।। १७५ ।। स्त्रियः कुर्वन्ति कायस्य कान्तिं स्त्रिणां सुखप्रदाः नपुंसकास्त्ववीर्य्याः स्युरकामाः सत्त्ववर्जिताः ।। १७६ ।। स्त्रिः स्त्रीभ्यः प्रदातव्याः क्लीबं क्लीबे प्रयोजयेत् । सर्वेभ्यः सवैदा देयाः पुरुषा वीर्यवर्धनाः ।। १७७ ।। अशुद्ध कुरुते वज्रं कुष्ठं पार्श्वव्यथां तथा । पाण्डुतां पंगुलत्वं च तस्मात्संशाध्य मरयेत् ।। १७८ ।। आयुः पुष्टिं बलं वीर्य्यं वर्णं सैख्यं करोति च । सेवितं सर्वरोगघ्नं मृतं वज्रं न संशयः ।। १७९ ।। 7.34.5.2: Types of Hīraka Candra, Maṇivara and Vajra. 1. Brāhamaṇa: It is white coloured. 2. Kṣatriya: It is of red colour. 3. Vaiśya: It is of yellow colour. 4. śūdra: It is of black colour. 7.34.5.3: Properties of types of Hīraka 1. Brahmaṇa is used for tonic action. 2. Kṣratriya is used for preventing age and death. 3. Vaiśya is used for improving body strength. 4. śūdra helps in alleviating disease and marinating optimal heath. 7.34.5.4: Other types of Hīraka 1. Puruṣa: It is round, glittering, massive and devoid of lines and spots. 2. Strī: It is round, glittering, massive and contains lines and spots. 3. Napu*saka: These are triangular and have more length. 7.34.5.4: Faults of impure Hīraka If Hīraka is not purified according to proper method it can lead to 1. Skin diseases. 2. Pain in the ribs. 3. Anemia. 4. Paralysis. 7.34.5.5: Properties of Ash of Hīraka Tonic, aphrodisiac, alterative and cures all diseases. 7.35: Gārutmata गारुत्मतनामानि गारुत्मतं मरकतमश्मगर्भो हरिन्मणिः ।। १८० ।। Synonyms: Aśmagarbha, Harinmaṇi and Marakata. 7.36: Māṇikya माणिक्य माणिक्यं पद्मरागः स्यात् शोणरत्नं च लोहितम् ।। १८१ ।। Synonyms: Lohita, Padmarāga and śoṇaratna. 7.37: Puṣparāga पुष्पराग पुष्परागो मञ्जुमणिः स्याद्वाचस्पतिवल्लभः ।। १८२ ।। Synonyms: Mañjumaṇi and Vācaspativallabha. 7.38: Gomeda इन्द्रनीलं, गोमेदः नीलं तथेन्द्रनीलं च गोमेदः पीतरत्नकम् ।। १८३ ।। Synonyms: Indranīla. 7.39: Vaidūrya वैदूर्य वैदूर्यं दूरजं रत्नं स्यात्केतुग्रहवल्लभम् ।। १८४ ।। Synonyms: Duraja, ratna and Ketugrahavallabha. 7.41: Mauktika मौक्तिकस्य नामानि मौक्तिकं शौक्तिकं मुक्ता तथा मुक्ताफलं च तत । शुक्तिः शंखो गजः क्रोडः फणी मत्स्यश्च दर्दुरः ।। १८५ ।। वेणुरेते समाख्यातास्तज्ज्ञैर्मौक्तिकयोनयः । मौक्तिकं शीतलं वृष्यं चक्षुष्यं बलपुष्टिदम् ।। १८६ ।। Synonyms: Muktā, Muktāphala and śauktika. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Action: Tonic. aphrodisiac and nutritive. Therapeutics: Eye diseases. 7.42: Pravāla प्रवाल पुंसि क्लीबे प्रवालः स्यात्युमानेव तु विद्रुमः ।। १८७ ।। Synonyms: Vidruma. 7.43: Properties of Ratna रत्नानां गुणाः रत्नानि भक्षितानि स्युर्मधुराणि च । चक्षुष्याणि च शीतानि विषघ्नानि धृतानिं च । मङ्गल्यानि मनोज्ञानि ग्रहदोषहराणि च ।। १८८ ।। किं रत्नं कस्य ग्रहस्य प्रितिकरमित्युक्तं रत्नमालायाम्- माणिक्यं तरणेः सुजातममलं मुक्ताफलं शीतगोर्माहियस्य तु विद्रुमो निगदितः सौम्यस्य गारुत्मतम् देवेज्यस्य च पुष्परागमसुराजार्य्यस्य व्रज्रं शनेर्नीलं निर्मलमन्ययोर्निगदिते गोमेदवैदूर्यके ।। १८९ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Action: Laxative. Therapeutics: Eye diseases, poisoning and microbial infections. 7.44: Relation of Ratna with universe उपरत्नानि उपरत्नानि काचश्च कर्पूराश्मा तथैव च । मुक्ता शुक्तिस्तथा शंख इत्यादीनि बहुन्यपि ।। १९० ।। गुणा यथैव रत्नानामुपरत्नेषु ते तथा । किंतु तिंचित्ततो हीना विशेषोsयमुदाहृतः ।। १९१ ।। 7.45.1: Upratna Kāca, Karpūrāśmā, Sīpa and śa*kha. 7.45.2: Porperties of Uparatna The proprties of Uparatna are similar to Ratna. अथ विषं विषस्य नाम लक्षणगुणाः विषं तु गरलः क्ष्वेडस्तस्य भेदानुदाहरे । वत्सनाभः सहारिद्रः सक्तुकश्च प्रदीपनः ।।१९२ ।। सौराष्ट्रिकः शृङ्गकश्च कालकूटस्तर्थव च । हालाहलो ब्रह्मपुत्रो विषभेदा अमीनव ।। १९३ ।। 7.46.1: Synonyms of Viṣa (Poison) Garala and Kṣveḍa. 7.46.2: Number of Viṣa (Poison) 1. Vatsanābha. 2. Hāridra. 3. Saktuka. 4. Pradīpana. 5. Saurāṣṭrika. 6. śriṅgika. 7. Kālakūṭa. 8. Hālāhala and 9. Brahmaputra. 7.46.3: Vatsanābha वत्सनाभ (Aconitim ferox) सिन्धुवारसदृक्पत्रो वत्सनाभ्याकृतिस्तथा । यत्पार्श्वे न तरोर्वृ द्धिर्वत्सनाभः सभाषितः ।। १९४ ।। Description: The leaves of the plant resemble with leaves of Sindhuvāra (Vitex trifolia) and in shape the leaves resembles with calf's umbilicus. Other platns growing in vicinity to Vatsanābha do not flourish. 7.46.4: Hāridra हारिद्रविष हरिद्रातुल्यमूलो यो हारिद्रः स उदाहृतः । Description: The root of this pant resembles with roots of Hāridra (Curcuma longa). 7.46.5: Saktuka सक्तुक यद्ग्रन्थिः सक्तुकेनेव पूर्णमध्यः स सक्तुकः ।। १९५ ।। Description: the nodules of this plant are full of powder (similar to saktu). 7.46.6: Pradīpana प्रदीपन वर्णतो लोहितो यः स्याद्दीप्तिमान् दहनप्रभः महादाहकरः पूर्वैः कथितः सप्रदीपनः ।। १९६ ।। Description: This plat is red in colour, having glistering appearance and produces irritation. 7.46.7: Saugāṣṭrika सौराष्ट्रिकविष सुराष्ट्रिविषये यः स्यात्स सौराष्ट्रिक उच्यते । Description: It grows in Saurāṣṭra. 7.46.8: śriṅgika (Aconitum chasmanthum) शृङ्गिक यस्मिन् गोगृङ्गके बद्धे गुग्धं भवति लेहितम् । स शृङ्गिक इति प्राक्तो द्रव्यतत्त्वविशारदैः ।। १९७ ।। Description: The plant when tied to cow' horn results in red colour of the milk. 7.46.9: Kālakūṭa कालकूट देवासुररणे देवैर्हतस्य पृथुमालिनः । दैत्यस्य रुधिराज्जातस्तरुरश्वत्थसन्निभः ।। १९८ ।। निर्यासः कालकूटोsस्य मुनिभिः परिकीर्तितः । सोsहिक्षेत्रे शृङ्गवेरे कोंकणे मलये भवेत् ।। १९९ ।। Description: During the war between the lords and demons, when pṛthumāli demon was killed by lords. The blood of the demon resulted in a Pīpala like tree. The gum obtained form this plant is known as Kālakūṭa. It is distributed in Ahikṣetra, Koṅkaṇa and Malaya. 7.46.10: Hālāhala हालाहलविष गोस्तनाभफलो गुच्छस्तालपत्रच्छदस्तथा । तेजसा यस्य दह्यन्ते समीपस्था द्रुमादयः ।। २०० ।। असौ हालाहलो ज्ञेयः किष्किन्धायां हिमालये । दक्षिणाब्धितटे देशे कोंकणेsपि च जायते ।। २०१ ।। Description: The bunch of fruits of this plant resembles with bunch of ruits of Drākṣā (Vitis vinifera). The leaves are similar to leaves of Tāla. It is distributed in Kiṣkindhā, Himalayas, eastern sea shores and koṅkaṇa. 7.46.11: Brahmaputra ब्रह्मपुत्र विष वर्णतः कपिलो यः स्यात्तथा भवति सारतः । ब्रह्मपुत्रः स विज्ञेयो जायते मलयाचले ।। २०२ ।। ब्राह्मणः पाण्डुरस्तेषु क्षत्रियो लोहितप्रभः । वैश्यः पीतोsसितः शूद्रो विष उक्तश्चतुर्विधः ।। २०३ ।। रसायने विषं विप्रं क्षत्रियं देहपुष्टये । वैश्यं कुष्ठविनाशाय शूद्रं दद्याद्वधाय हि ।। २०४ ।। विषं प्राणहरं प्रोक्तं व्यवायि च विकाशि च । आग्नेयं वातकफहृद्योगवाहि मदावहम् ।। २०५ ।। तदेव युक्तियुक्तं तु प्राणदायि रसायनम् । योगवाहि त्रिदोषघ्नं बृंहणं वीर्यवर्द्धनम् ।। २०६ ।। 7.46.12: Types of Viṣa (Poison) Description: It is of black colour. It is distributed in Malaya. 1. Brāhamaṇa: It is white coloured. 2. Kṣatriya: It is of red colour. 3. Vaiśya: It is of yellow colour. 4. śūdra: It is of black colour. 7.46.13: Types of Viṣa (Poison) 1. Brahmaṇa: It is used for tonic action. 2. Kṣratriya: It is used nutritive purpose colour. 3. Vaiśa: It is used as antidote to poisoning. 4. śūdra: It is used for killing. 7.46.14: Properties of Viṣa (Poison) Prāṇanāśaka (Kills a person). Vyavāyī (gets distributed in body quickly), Vikāsī (destroys immunity) āgneya (has fire content), alleviates Vāta and Kapha, Yogavāhī (enhances activity of others) and Madāvaha (narcotic). 7.46.15: Properties of purified viṣa (Poison) Poison if purified properly acts as tonic, Yogavāhī (enhances activity of others), pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha, spermopiotic and nutritive. शोधनप्रयोजन ये दुर्गुणा विषेsशुद्धे ते स्युर्हीना विशोधनात् । तस्माद्विषं प्रयोगेषु शोधायित्वा प्रयोजयेत् ।। २०७ ।। 7.46.16: Requirement of purification of Viṣa (Poison) Poison it purified properly then the poisonous effect is decreased to some extent. Hence they should be purified properly. Upaviṣa (Sub poisons) उपविषाणि अर्कक्षीरं स्नुहीक्षीरं लाङ्गलीकरवीरकौ गुञ्जाहिफेनो धत्तूरः सप्तोपविषजातयः ।। २०८ ।। 1.Latex of arka (Calotropis procera). 2. Latex of Snuhī (Euphorbia antiquorum). 3. Lāṅgalī (Gloriosa superba). 4. Karīra (Nerium odorum). 5. Guṅjā (Abrus precatorius). 6. Ahiphena (Ppaver somniferum). 7. Dhattūra (Datura alba). CAPTER 8 Dhānyavarga धान्यवर्गः 8.1: Varieties of Dhānya धान्यानां भेदाः शालिधान्यं व्रीहिधान्यं शुकधान्यं तृतीयकम् । शिम्बीधान्यं क्षुद्रधान्यमित्युक्तं धन्यपंचकम् ।। १ ।। शालयो रक्तशाल्याद्या व्रीहयः षष्टिकादयः । यवादिकं शूकधान्यं मुद्गाद्यं शिम्बिधान्यकम् ।। २ ।। कङ्ग्वादिकं क्षुद्रधान्यं तृणधान्यं च तत्स्मृंतम् ।। 1. śālidhānya. 2. Vrīhīdhānya. 3. śūkadhānya. 4. śimbīdhānya. 5. Kṣudradhānya. 8.2: Varieties of śālidhānya, Vrīhīdhānya, śūkadhānya śimbīdhānya and Kṣudradhānya. शालिधान्यस्य लक्षणं नामानि च कण्डनेन विना शुक्ला हैमन्ताः शालयः स्मृताः ।। ३ ।। रक्तशालिः सकलमः पाण्डुकः शकुनाहृतः । सुगन्धकः कर्दमको महाशालिश्च दूषकः ।। ४ ।। पुष्पांडकः पुण्डरीकस्तथा महिषमस्तकः । दीर्घशूकः काञ्चनको हायनो लोध्रपुष्पकः ।। ५ ।। इत्याद्याः शालयः सन्ति बहवो बहुदेशजाः । ग्रन्थविस्तारभीतेस्ते समस्ता नात्र भाषिताः ।। ६ ।। 1. śālidhānya (Raktaśāli). 2. Vrīhīdhānya (ṣaṣṭika). 3. śūkadhānya (Yava). 4. śimbīdhānya (Mudaga) 5. Kṣudradhānya (Kaṅguṇī). 8.3.1: śālidhānya शालीनां गुणाः शालयो मधुराः स्निग्धा बल्या बद्धाल्पवर्चसः । कषाया लघवो रुच्याः स्वर्य्या वृष्याश्च बृंहणाः । अल्पानिलकफाः शीताः पित्तघ्ना मूत्रलास्तथा ।। ७ ।। शलवी दग्धामृज्जाताः कषाया मघुपाकिनः । सृष्टमूत्रपुरीषाश्च रूक्षाः श्लेष्मापकर्षणाः ।। ८ ।। कैदारा वातपित्तङ्ना गुरवः कफशुक्रलाः । कषायाश्चाल्पवर्चस्का मघ्यास्चैव बलावहाः ।। ९ ।। स्थलजाः स्वादवः पित्तकफघ्ना वातवह्निदाः । किंचित्त्विताः कषायाश्च विपाके कटुका अपि ।। १० ।। वापिता मधुरा वृष्या ब्लयाः पित्तप्रमाशनाः । श्लेष्मलाश्चाल्पवचस्तकाः कषाया गुरुवो हिमाः ।। ११ ।। वापितेभ्यो गुणैः किंचिद्धीनाः प्रोक्ता अवापिताः ।। १२ ।। रापितास्तु नवाव वृष्आः पुराणा लघवः स्मृताः । तेभ्यस्तु रोपिता भूयः शीघ्रपाका गुणाधिकाः ।। १३ ।। छिन्नरूढा हिमा रूक्षा बल्याः पित्तकफापहाः । बद्धविट्काः कषायाश्च लघवश्चाल्पतिक्तकाः ।। १४ ।। Without smashing thee are white and grow in Hemanta. 8.3.2: Names of varoius species of śālidhānya Raktaśāli, Kalama, Pāṇḍuka, śakunāhrta, Sugaṅdhaka, Kardamaka, Mahāśāli, Dūṣhaka, Puspāṇdaka, Puṇḍarīka, Mahiṣmastaka, Dīrghaśūka, Kāncanaka, Hāyanaka and Lodhrapuṣpaka. There are several varieties of śāli, which are found in various countries. These are not being discussed in detail keeping in mind the length of the book. 8.3.3: Properties of śālidhānya Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha and Vāta but pacifies Pitta. Action (s): Tonic, appetizer, nutritive, aphrodisiac and diuretic. Therapeutics: Hoarseness of voice. 8.3.4: śāli obtained from land having burnt soil Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action (s): Diuretic. Therapeutics: Hoarseness of voice and diarrhea. 8.3.5: śāli obtained from plough field Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Action (s): Tonic, spermopiotic and nootrpoic. 8.3.6: śāli obtained from non plough field Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action (s): Appetizer. 8.3.7: śāli grown from seeds Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Action (s): Spermopiotic and tonic. 8.3.8: śāli obtained from wild source These are inferior as compared to śāli grown from seeds. 8.3.9: Properties of new and old śāli New are spermopiotic and old are Laghu (Light). 8.3.10: Properties of śāli growing after harvesting Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent) Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Mild laxative and diuretic. Therapeutics: Diarrhea. 8.3.11: Properties of Raktaśālī रक्तशालेर्गुणाः रक्ताशालिर्वरसतेषु ब्लयो बर्ण्यस्त्रिदोषजित् । चक्षुष्यो मूत्रलः स्वर्य्यः शुक्रलस्तृड्ज्वरापहः ।। १५ ।। विषव्रणश्वासकासदाहनुद्वह्निपुष्टिदः । तस्मादल्पान्तरगुणाः शाल्ये महदादयः ।। १६ ।। Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent) Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Alterative, tonic, diuretic, appetizer, ulcer, asthma, cough and burning sensation. Note: It is considered to be the best among all varieties of Shali. 8.3.12.1: Vrīhīdhānya व्रीहिधान्य वार्षिकाः काण्डिताः शुक्ला व्रीहयश्चिरपाकिनः । कृष्णव्रीहिः पाटलश्च कुक्कुटाण्डक इत्यापि ।। १७ ।। शालामुखो जन्तुमुख इत्याद्या व्रीहयः स्मृताः । कृष्णव्रीहिः स विज्ञेयो यः कृष्णतुषतण्डुलः ।। १८ ।। पाटलः पाटलापुष्पवर्णको व्रीहरुच्यते । कुक्कुटाण्डाकृतिर्व्रीहिः कुक्कुटाण्डक उच्यते ।। १९ ।। शालामुखः कृष्णशूकः कृष्णतण्डुल उच्यते । लाक्षावर्णमुखं यस्य ज्ञेयो जतुमुखस्तु सः ।। २० ।। व्रीहयः कथिताः पाके मधुरा वीर्य्यतो हिमाः । अल्पाभिष्यन्दिनो बद्धवर्चस्काः षष्टिकैः समाः । कृष्णव्रीहिर्वरस्तेषां तस्मादल्पगुणाः परे ।। २१ ।। It is harvested in rainy season. When subjected to sifting in a mortar, they become white and ripe after some time. 8.3.12.2: Types of Vrīhīdhānya 1.Kṛṣṇabrīhī: The brīhī and well as husk are of black colour. 2. Pāṭala: Colour of this variety is similar to colour of Pāṭala (Stereospermum suovlens). 3. Kukkuṭāṇḍaka: The size of this variety is similar to cock's egg. 4. śālāmukha: The vrīhī as well as husk are of black colour. 5. Jatumukha: This variety is of red colour similar to Lākṣa (Coculus lacifera). 8.3.12.3: Properties of Vrīhīdhānya Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Abhiṣyandi. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Similar to ṣaṣṭhika. Note: Among all varieties, Kṛṣnabrīhī is considered to be the best. षष्टकाः गर्भस्था एव ये पाकें यांति ते षष्टका मताः ।। २२ ।। षटिकः शतपुष्पश्च प्रमोदकमुमुन्दकौ । महाषष्टिक इत्याद्याः षष्टिकाः समुदाहृताः । एतेsपि व्रीहयः प्रोक्ता व्रीहिलक्ष्णदर्शनात् ।। २३ ।। षष्टिका मधुराः शीता लघवो बद्धवर्चसः । वातपित्तपशमनाः शालिभिः सदृशागुणैः ।। २४ ।। षष्टिका प्रवरा तेषां लघ्वी स्निग्धा त्रिदोषजित् ।। २५ ।। स्वाद्वी मृद्वी ग्रहिणी च बलदा ज्वराहरिणी । रक्तशालिगुणैस्तुल्यास्ततः स्वलपगुणाः परे ।। २६ ।। 8.3.12.4: ṣaṣṭhika Germination of this variety takes place within the ovule. 8.3.12.5: Types of ṣaṣṭhika 1. ṣaṣṭhika. 2. śatapuṣpa. 3. Pramodaka. 4. Mukundaka. 5. Mahāaṣṭhika. 8.3.12.6: Properties of ṣaṣṭhika Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action (s): Tonic, appetizer, nutritive, aphrodisiac and diuretic. Therapeutics: Hoarseness of voice. 8.3.12.7: Properties of ṣaṣṭhika variety of ṣaṣṭhika Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) Mṛdu and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action (s): Alterative, tonic, diuretic, appetizer and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Excessive thrist, fever, poisoning , ulcer, asthma, cough and burning sensation. शूकधान्यानि (अतियवो निःशूकः स्यात्कृष्णारुणवर्णको यवः । निःशूकोsपि यवः प्रोक्तो धवलाकृतिको महान् ।।) यवस्तु सितशूकः स्यान्निःशूकोsतियवः स्मृतः । तोक्यस्तद्वत्सहरितस्ततः स्वलपश्च कीर्त्तितः ।। २७ ।। यवः कषायो मधुरः शीतलो लेखनो मृदुः । व्रणेषु तिलववत्पथ्यो रूक्षो मेधाग्निवर्द्धनः ।। २८ ।। कटुपाकोsनभिष्यन्दी स्वर्य्यो बलकरो गुरुः । बहुवातमलो वर्णस्थैर्य्यकारी च पिच्छिलः ।। २९ ।। कण्ठत्वगामयश्लेष्मपित्तमेदः प्रणाशनः । पीनसश्वासकासोरुस्तम्भलोहिततृट्प्रणुत् । अस्मादनुयवो न्यूनस्तोक्यो न्यूनतरस्ततः ।। ३० ।। 8.4.1: śūkadhānya including Yava (Hordeum vulgare) Yava: Ig has white śūka. Atiyava: It does not contain śūka. Tokya: Like atiyava it does not contain śūka and is of green colour. 8.4.2: Properties of Yava, Atiyava and Tokya. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light), Abhiṣyanḍi, Picchila and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta but aggravates Vāta. Action (s): Nootropic, tonic, appetizer and alterative. Therapeutics: Diseases of the throat, ulcer, skin diseases, obesity, rhinitis,asthma, cough, blood diseases and excessive thirst. Note: Atiyava and Tokya have fewer properties as compared to Yava. Sumana. 8.5.1: Properties of Godhūma गोधूम(Godhūma) गोधूम सुमलोsपि स्यात्त्रिविधः स च कीर्त्तितः । महागोधूम इत्याख्यः पश्चाद्देशात्समागतः ।। ३१ ।। मधूली तु ततः किंचिदल्पा सा मध्यदेशजा । निःशूको दीर्घगोधूमः क्वचिन्नन्दीमुखाभिधः ।। ३२ ।। गोधूमो मधुरः शीतो वातपित्तहरो गुरुः । कफशुक्रप्रदो बल्यः स्निग्धः सन्धानकृत्सरः ।। ३३ ।। जीवनो बृंहणो वर्ण्या व्रण्यो रुच्यः स्थिरत्वकृत् ।। ३४ ।। कफप्रदो नवीनो न तु पुराणः । "पुराणो यवगोधूम क्षौद्रजांगलशूलभुगिति" वाग्भटेन वसन्ते गृहीतत्वात् । मधुली शीतला स्निग्धा पित्तघ्नी मधुरा लघुः । शुक्रला बृंहणी पथ्या तद्वन्नन्दीमुखः स्मृतः ।। ३५ ।। 8.5.2: Types of Godhūma 1. Mahāgodhūma: It is found in West part of India. 2. Madhulī: It is small as compared to Mahagodhuma and found in central India. 3. Dīrgagodhūma: It is without Shuka and also known as Nandimukha. 8.5.3: Synonyms of Godhūma (Trictium vulgare) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light), Abhiṣyanḍi, Picchila and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Action (s): Spermopiotic, tonic, appetizer, alterative and laxative. Therapeutics: Fractures and ulcer. 8.5.4: Properties of Madhulī Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Action (s): Spermopiotic, tonic. 8.5.5: Properties of Nandīmukha Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Action (s): Spermopiotic, tonic. शिम्बीधान्य शमीजाः शिम्बिजाः शिम्बिभवाः सूप्याश्च वैदलाः ।। ३६ ।। वैदला मधुरा रूक्षाः कषायाः कटुपाकिनः । वातलाः कफपित्तघ्ना बद्धमूत्रमला हिमाः । ऋते मुद्गमसूराभ्यामन्ये त्वाघ्मानकारिणः ।। ३७ ।। 8.6.1: Synonyms of śimbīdhānya śamījā, śimbījā, śimbībhavā, Sūpyā and Vaidalā. 8.6.2: Properties of śimbīdhānya Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Action (s): Antidiuretic. मुद्ग मुद्गो रूक्षो कफपित्तहरो हिमः । स्वादुरल्पानिलो नेत्र्यो ज्वरघ्नो वनजस्तथा ।। ३८ ।। मुद्गो बहुविधः श्यामो हरितः पितकस्तथा । श्वेतो रक्तश्च तेषां तु पूर्वः पूर्वो लघुः स्मृतः ।। ३९ ।। सुश्रुतेन पुनः प्रोक्तो हरितः प्रवरो गुणैः । चरकादिभिरप्युक्त एष एव गुणाधिकः ।। ४० ।। 8.6.3: Properties of Mudga (Phaseolus aureus) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta but aggravates Vāta. Action (s): Astringent. Therapeutics: Eye diseases and fever. Types: 1. Black. 2. Green. 3. Yellow. 4. White and 5. Red. These are laghu (Light) in increasing order. śuśruta and Caraka consider green type as best among all. 8.6.4: Properties of Mudga (Phaseolus aureus) माष (उड़द) माषो गुरुः स्वादुपाकः स्निग्धो रुच्योsनिलापहः । स्रंसनस्तर्पणो बल्यः शुक्रलो बृहंणः परः ।। ४१ ।। भिन्नमूत्रमलः स्तन्यो मेदः पित्तकफप्रदः । गुदकीलार्दितश्वासपक्तिशूलानि नाशयेत् ।। ४२ ।। कफपित्तकरा माषाः कफपित्तकरं दधि । कफपित्तकरा मत्स्या वृन्ताकं कफपित्तकृत् ।। ४३ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta but aggravates Vāta. Action: Tonic, Spermopiotic, diuretic, galactagouge and laxative. Therapeutics: Rectal diseases, facial palsy, asthma and pleurisy.. 8.6.5: Rājamāṣa (Vinga cylindrica) राजमाष (Chinese Dolicus) राजमाषो महामाषश्चपलश्च बलः स्मृतः । राजमाषो गुरुः स्वादुस्तुवरस्तर्पणः सरः ।। ४४ ।। रूक्षोवातकरो रुच्यः स्तन्यो भूरिबलप्रदः । श्वेतो रक्तस्तथा कृष्णास्त्रिविधाः स प्रकीर्त्तितः । यो महांस्तेष भवति स एवोक्तो गुणाधिकः ।। ४५ ।। Synonyms: Bala, Capala and Mahāmāṣa. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: aggravates Vāta. Action: Laxative, appetizer, tonic and galactagouge. Types: 1. Black. 2. White and 3. Red. Out of three, the large one is consider being the best. 8.6.6: Niṣpāva (Dolichos lablab) निष्पाव निष्पावो राजशिम्बिः स्याद्वल्लकः श्वेतशिम्बिकः । निष्पावो मधुरो रूक्षो विपाकेsम्लो गुरुः सरः कषायः स्तन्यपित्तास्रमूत्रपातविबन्धकृत् । विदाह्युष्णो विषश्लेष्मशोथहृच्छुक्रनाशनः ।। ४७ ।। Synonyms: Rajaśimbi, śvetaśimbika and Vallaka. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Amla (Acidic). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action: Hemopiotic, laxative, galactagouge, constipative and antidiuretic. Therapeutics: Oedema. 8.6.7: Makuṣṭha (Phaseolus aconitefolius) मकुष्ठ (मोठ) मकुष्ठो वनमुद्गः स्यान्मकुष्ठमुकुष्ठकौ ।। ४८ ।। मकुष्ठो वातलो ग्राही कफपित्तहरो लघुः । वह्निजन्मधुरः पाके कृमिकृज्ज्वरनाशनः ।। ४९ ।। Synonyms: Makuṣṭhaka, Makuṣṭha, Makuṣṭhaka and Vanamudga. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta. Action: Anthelmungic and febrifuge. 8.6.8: Masūra (Lens culinaris) मसूर मङ्गल्यको मसूरः स्यान्मङ्गल्या च मसूरीका । मसूरो मधूरः पाके संग्राही शितलो लघुः । कफपित्तास्रजिद्रूक्षो वातलो ज्वरनाशनः ।। ५० ।। Synonyms: Maṅgalyā, Maṅgalyaka and Masūrikā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: Blood diseases fever. 8.6.9: āḍhakī (Cajanus indicus) अथाढ़की (अरहर) आढकी तुवरी चापि सा प्रोक्ता शण्पुष्मिका ।। ५१ ।। आढकी तुवरा रूक्षा मधुरा शीतला लघुः ग्राहिणी वातरजननी वर्ण्या वित्तकफस्रजित् ।। ५२ ।। Synonyms: śaṇapuṣpikā and Tuvarī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action: Astringent and alterative. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. 8.6.10.1: Caṇaka (Cicer arietinum) चणक चणको हरिमन्थः स्यात्सकलप्रिय इत्यपि । चणकः शीतलो रूक्षः पित्तरक्तकफपहः । लघुः कषायो विष्टुम्भी वातलो ज्वरनाशनः ।। ५३ ।। स चांगरेण संभृष्टस्तैलभृष्टश्च तद्गुणः । आर्द्रभृष्टो बलकरो रोचनश्च प्रकीर्त्तितः ।। ५४ ।। शुष्कभृष्टोsतिरूक्षश्च वातकुष्ठप्रकोपनः । स्विन्नः पित्तकफं हन्यात्सूपः क्षोभकरो मतः ।। ५५ ।। आंर्द्रोsतिकोमलो रुच्यः पित्तशुक्रहरो हिमः । कषायो वातलो ग्राही कफपित्तहरो लघुः ।। ५६ ।। Synonyms: Harimantha and Sakalapriya. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta but aggravates Vāta. Therapeutics: Fever and blood diseases. Note: It disturbs digestion. 8.6.10.2: Caṇaka fried in fire Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta but aggravates Vāta. Therapeutics: Fever and blood diseases. 8.6.10.3: Caṇaka fried in oil Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta but aggravates Vāta. Therapeutics: Fever and blood diseases. 8.6.10.4: Fried wet Caṇaka Action: Tonic and appetizer. 8.6.10.5: Fried dry Caṇaka Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: aggravates Vāta. Note: It aggravates skin diseases. 8.6.10.6: Boiled Caṇaka Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta. 8.6.10.7: Pulse prepared form Caṇaka It has irritating effect. 8.6.10.8: Caṇaka kept in water Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta but aggravates Vāta. Action: Astringent and appetizer. Note: It is harmful for semen. 8.7: Kalāya (Lathyrus apaca) कलायः कलायो वर्तुलः प्रोक्तः सतीनश्च हरेणुकः । कलायो मधुरः स्वादुः पाके रूक्षश्च शीतलः ।। ५७ ।। Synonyms: Hareṇuka, Satīna and Vartula. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). 8.8: Tripuṭa (Lathyrus sativus) त्रिपुट त्रिपुटः खण्डिकोsपि स्यात्कथ्यन्ते तद्गुणा अथ । त्रिपुटो मधुरस्क्तितस्तुवरो रूक्षणो भृशम् ।। ५८ ।। कफपित्तहरो रुच्यो ग्राहकः शीतलस्तथा । किन्तु खञ्जत्वपंगुत्वकारी वातातिकोपनः ।। ५९ ।। Synonyms: Kaṇḍika. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta but aggravates Vāta. Note: Whenever consumed, it leads to paralysis. 8.9: Kulattha (Dolichos biflorus) कुलत्थ कुलत्थिका कुलत्तथश्च कथ्यन्ते तद्गुणा अथ ।। ६० ।। कुलत्थः कटुकः पाके कषायः पित्तरक्तकृत् । लघुर्विदाही वीर्योष्णः श्वासकासकफानिलान् ।। ६१ ।। हन्ति हिक्काश्मरीशुक्रदाहानाहान्सपीनसान् । स्वेदसंग्राहको मेदोज्वरक्रिमिहरः सरः ।। ६२ ।। Synonyms: Kulatthikā. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Vidāhī. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Vāta but aggravates Pitta. Action: Laxative. Therapeutics: Asthma, cough, hiccough, calculus, seminal debility, burning sensation, flatulence, Rhinitis, obesity, fever and worm infestation. Note: It aggravates diseases of blood. 8.10.1: Tila (Sesamum indicium) तिल तिलः कृष्णः सितो रक्तः स वन्योsल्पतिलः स्मृतः । तिलो रसे कटुस्तिक्तो मधुरस्तुवरो गुरुः ।। ६३ ।। विपाके कटुकः स्वादुः स्निग्धोष्णुः कफपित्तनुत् । बल्यः केश्यो हिमस्पर्शस्त्वच्यः स्तन्यो व्रणे हितः ।। ६४ ।। दन्त्योsल्पमूत्रकद् ग्राही वातघ्नोsग्निमतिप्रदः । कृष्णः श्रेष्ठतमस्तेषु शुक्रलो मध्यमः सितः । अन्ये हीनतराः प्रोक्तास्तज्ज्ञै रक्तादयस्तिलाः ।। ६५ ।। Types: 1. Black, 2. White and 3. Red. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Tonic, galactagouge, diuretic, astringent, nootropic and appetizer. Black variety is spermopiotic and best among three varieties. Therapeutics: Beneficial for hairs and skin and diseases of the teeth. Note: Black variety is best among three varieties. White has medium properties and red is considered to be inferior. 8.10.2: Vanyatila Synonyms: Alpatila. It grows in forests. 8.11: Atsī (Linu usitatissimum) अतसी अतसी नीलपुष्पी च पार्वती स्यादुमा क्षुमा ।। ६६ ।। अतसी मधुरा तिक्ता स्निग्धा पाके कटुर्गुरुः । उष्णा दृक्छुक्रवातघ्नी कफपित्तविनाशिनी ।। ६७ ।। Synonyms: Kṣumā, Nīlapuṣpī, Pārvatī and Umā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Kapha and Pitta. Therapeutics: Beneficial for eyes and seminal diseases. 8.11: Tuvarī (Eruca sativa) तुवरी (तोरी) तुवरी ग्राहिणी प्रोक्ता लघ्नी कफविषास्रजित् । तीक्ष्णोष्णा वह्निदा कंडूकुष्ठक्रिमिप्रणुत् ।। ६८ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Appetizer and astringent. Therapeutics: Poisoning, blood dieses, pruritis, skin diseases and worm infestation. 8.12.1: Yellow variety of Sarṣapa (Brassica campestris) सर्षप सर्षपः कटुकः स्नेहस्तन्तुभश्च कदम्बकः । गौरस्तु सर्षपः प्राज्ञैः सिद्धार्थ इति कथ्यते ।। ६९ ।। सर्षपस्तु रसे पाके कटुः स्निग्धः सतिक्तकः । तीक्ष्णोष्णः कफवातघ्नो रक्तपित्ताग्निवर्द्धनः ।। रक्षोहरो जयेत्कंडूकुष्ठकोष्ठक्रिमिग्रहान् । यथा रक्तस्तथा गौरः किंतु गौरो वरो मतः ।। ७१ ।। Synonyms: Gaur Sarṣapa and Sidhārthaka. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy), Singdha and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Vāta. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Epistaxis and microbial infections. 8.12.2: Red vareity of sarṣapa Synonyms: Kadambaka, kaṭuka, Sneha and Tantubha. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy), Singdha and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Vāta. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Epistaxis and microbial infections. 8.13.1: Rājikā (Brassica juncea) राजिका राजी तु राजिका तीक्ष्णगन्धा क्षुज्जनिकासुरी । क्षवः क्षुताभिजनकः कृमिकृत् कृष्णसर्षपः ।। ७२ ।। राजिका कफपित्तघ्नी तीक्ष्णोष्णा रक्तपित्तकृत् । किञ्चिद्रूक्षाग्निदा कण्डूकुष्ठकोष्ठाक्रिमीन् हरेत् ।। ७३ ।। अतितीक्ष्णा विशेषेण तद्वत्कृष्णापि राजिका । (सराहिमा गुरुर्ग्राही तत्पुष्पं प्रदरास्रजित्) Synonyms: āsurī, Kṣujjanikā, Rājī and Tīkṣṇaagandhā. Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Prutitis, skin diseases and worm infestation. 8.13.2: Kṛṣṇarājikā Synonyms: Kṛṣṇasarṣapa, Kṛṣṇikā, Kṣava and Kṣutābhijanaka. Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Prutitis, skin diseases and worm infestation. Note: Kṛṣṇarājikā is inferior as compared to Rājikā (Brassica juncea). 8.14: Kṣudradhānya क्षुद्रधान्य क्षुद्रधान्यं कुधान्यं च तृधाधान्यमिति स्मृतम् । क्षुद्रधान्यमनुष्णं स्यात्कषायं लघु लेखनम् ।। ७४ ।। मधुरं कटुकं पाके रुक्षं च क्लेदशोषकम् । बातकृद्बद्धविट्कं च पित्तरक्तकफाहम् ।। ७५ ।। Synonyms: Kudhānya an Tṛṇadhānya. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Therapeutics: Diarrhoea and blood diseases. 8.15: Kaṅgū (Setaria italica) कंगू स्त्रियां कङगुप्रियंगू द्वे कृष्णा रक्ता सिता तथा । पीता चतुर्विधा कङगुस्तासां पीता वरा स्मृता ।। ७६ ।। कंगुस्तु भग्नसन्धानवातकृद् बृंहणी गुरुः । रूक्षा श्लेश्महराsतीव वाजिनां गुणकद् भृशम् ।। ७७ ।। Synonyms: Priyaṅgu. Varieties: 1. Black, 2. Red, 3. White and 4. Yellow. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Tonic. Therapeutics: Fractures and diseases of horses. 8.16: Cīnāka (Panicum miliaceum) चीनाकः (Millet) चीनाकः काककङगुश्च सुश्लक्ष्णः श्लक्ष्णकः स्मृतः । चीनाकः कंगुभेदोsस्ति स ज्ञेयः कंगुवद् गुणैः ।। ७८ ।। Synonyms: Kākakaṅgu, Kaṅgubheda, ślakṣṇa and ślakṣṇaka. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Tonic. Therapeutics: Fractures and diseases of horses. 8.17: śyāmāka श्यामाक श्यामाकः श्यामकः श्यामस्त्रिबीजः स्यादविप्रियः । सुकुमारो राजधान्यं तृधाबीजोत्तमश्च सः । श्यामाकः शोषणौ रूक्षो वातलः कफपित्तहृत् ।। ७९ ।। Synonyms: Avipriya, Rājadhānya, śyāma, śyāmāka, Sukumāra, Tribīja and Tṛṇabījottama. Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. 8.18.1: Kodrava (Paspalum scrobiculatum) कोद्रव कोद्रवः कोरदूषः स्यादुद्दालो वनकोद्रवः । कोद्रवो वातलो गोही हिमः पित्तकफापहः । उद्दालस्तु भवेदुष्णो ग्राही वातकरो भुशम् ।। ८० ।। Synonyms: Koradūṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action: Astringent. 8.18.2: Vanakodrava Synonyms: Uddāla. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta. Action: Astringent. 8.19: śarabīja शरबीज चारकः शरबीज स्यात्कथ्यन्ते तद्गुणा अथ । चारुको मधुरो रूक्षो रक्तपित्तकफापहः । शीतलो लघुवृष्यश्च कषायो वातकोपनः ।। ८१ ।। Synonyms: śarabīja. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha but Aggravates Pitta and Vāta. 8.20: Va*śabīja वंशबीज यवा वंशभवा रूक्षाः कषायाः कटुपाकिनः । बद्धमूत्राः कफघ्नाश्च वातपित्तकराः सराः ।। ८२ ।। Synonyms: Va*śayava. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Vāta. Note: It obstructs urinary flow. 8.21: Kusu*bhabīja कुसुंभबीज कुसुम्भबीजं वरटा र्सव प्रोक्ता वरट्टिका ।। ८३ ।। वरटा मधुरा स्निग्धा रक्तपित्तकफापहा । कषाया शीतला गुर्वी स्यादवृष्यानिलापहा ।। ८४ ।। Synonyms: varaṭā and Varaṭṭikā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Spermopiotic. 8.22: Gavedhukā (Coix lachryma-jobi) गवेधु गवेधुका तु विद्वद्भिर्गवेधुः कथिता स्त्रियाम् । गवेधुःकटुका स्वाद्वी कार्श्यकृत्कफनाशिनी ।। ८५ ।। Synonyms: Gavedhu. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Obesity. 8.23: Nīvāra (Hygroyza aristata) नीवार प्रसाधिका तु नीवारस्तृणन्नमिति च स्मृतम् । नीवारः शीतलो ग्राही पित्तघ्नः कफवातकृत् ।। ८६ ।। Synonyms: Prasādhikā and Tṛṇānna. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action: Astringent. 8.24: Yāvanāla (Sorghum vulgare) यावनाल यावनालो हिमः स्वादुर्लोहितः श्लेष्मपित्तजित् । अवृष्यस्तुवरो रूक्षः क्लेदकृत्कथितो लघुः ।। ८७ ।। शणः प्रोक्तो मातुलानी जन्तुतन्तुर्महाशना । शणो हिमो लघुर्ग्राही तत्पुष्पं प्रदरास्रजित् ।। ८८ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. 8.24: Some definitions नव धान्यादि परिभाषा धान्यं सर्वं नवं स्वादु गुरु श्लेष्मकरं स्मृतम् । तत्तु वर्षोषितं पथ्यं यतो लघुतरं हि तत् ।। ८९ ।। विर्षोषितं सर्वधान्यं गौरवं परिमुञ्चति । न तु त्यजति वीर्यं स्वं क्रमान्मुञ्चत्यतः परम् ।। ९० ।। एतेषु यवगोधूमतिलमाषा नवा हिताः । पुराणा विरसा रूक्षा न तथा गुणकारिणः ।। ९१ ।। 1. Dhanaya if fresh, are Madhura (Sweet), Guru (Heavy) and aggravates Kapha. 2. When they become one year old, they are easy to digest and become Laghu (Light). 3. When kept for one year, they leave behind Guru (Heavy) property but do not quit Vīrya (Potency). 4. As they bone old after one year, they start leaving Vīrya (Potency). 5. Godhūma, Tila and Māṣa are more useful in fresh form. 6. Godhūma, Tila and Māṣa when become old lose potency and acquire Rūkṣa property. CHAPTER 9 śākavarga 9.1: Varieties of śāka शाकवर्ग पत्रं पुष्पं फलं नालं कन्दं संस्वेदजं तथा । शाकं षड्विधमुद्दिष्टं गुरु विद्याद्यथोत्तरम् ।। १ ।। प्रायः शाकानि सर्वाणि विष्टम्भीनि गुरूणि च । रूक्षाणि बहुवर्चांसि सृष्टविण्मारुतानि च ।। २ ।। शाकं भिनत्ति वपुरस्थि निहन्ति नेत्रं, वर्णं विनाशयति रक्तमथापि शुक्रम् । प्रज्ञाक्षयं च कुरुते पलितं च नूनं, हन्ति स्मृतिं गातिमिति प्रवदन्ति तज्ज्ञाः ।। ३ ।। शाकेषु सर्वेषु वसन्ति रोगास्ते हेतवो देहविनाशनाय । तस्माद् बुधः शाकविवर्जनं तु कुर्यात्तथाम्लेषु स एव दोषः ।। ४ ।। एतानि शाकनिन्दकवचनानि सामान्यानि । 1. Patra. 2. Puṣpa. 3.Phala. 4. Nāla. 5. Kanda and 6. Sa*svedaja. 9.2: General properties of śāka Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Light) and Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha and Vāta but pacifies Pitta. Action (s): Laxative. Note: They are harmful for bones, eye-sight, blood, seminal fluid, memory an walking. They also lead to untimely white hairs. Amla (Acidic) foods also resembles with śāka in above properties, hence a wise man should not consume both. 9.3.1: Description of Patra śāka First Patra śāka will be described. First there is description about two types of Vāstūka. 9.3.2: Vāstūka (Chenopodium album) पत्रशाक वास्तूकम् वास्तूकं वास्तुकं स्यात्क्षारपत्रं च शाकराट् । तदेव तु बृहत्पत्रं रक्तं स्यादृ गौडवास्तुकम् ।। ५ ।। प्रायशो यवमघ्ये स्याद्यवशाकंमतः स्मृतम् । वास्तूकद्वितयं स्वादु क्षारं पाके कटूदितम् ।। ६ ।। दीपन पाचनं रुच्यं लघु शुक्रबलप्रदम् । सरं प्लीहास्रपित्तार्शःकृमिदोषत्रयापहम् ।। ७ ।। Synonyms: Kṣārapatra, śākarāṭa and Vāstūka. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent) Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Alkaline, appetizer, digestive, spermopiotic, laxative and tonic. Therapeutics: Diseases of the spleen, epistaxis, hemorrhoids and worm infestation. Note: The plant of Vāstūka having large size and red colour is known as Gaura vāstūka. 2. The plant which is cultivated is known as Yavśāka. 9.3.3: Second type of Vāstūka. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent) Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Alkaline, appetizer, digestive, spermopiotic, laxative and tonic. Therapeutics: Diseases of the spleen, epistaxis, haemorrhoids and worm infestation. 9.4: Potakī (Basella rubra) पोतकी पातक्युपोदिका सा तु मालवाsमृतवल्लरी । पोतकी शीतला स्निग्धा श्लेष्मला वातपित्तनुत् ।। ८ ।। अकण्ठ्या पिच्छिला निद्राशुक्रदा रक्तपित्तजित् बलदा रुचिकृत्पथ्या बृंहणी तृप्तिकारिणी ।। ९ ।। Synonyms: Amṛtavallarī, Mālavā and Upodikā. Guṇa (Physical property): Snigdha and Picchila. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action (s): Hypnotic, spermopiotic, laxative, nutritive an appetizer. Therapeutics: Epistaxis and diseases of the throat. 9.5.1: Synonyms of Māriṣa श्वेत रक्त मारिष मारिषो वाष्पिको मार्षः श्वेतो रक्तश्च स स्मृतः । मारिषो मधुरः शीतो विष्टम्भी पित्तनुद्गुरु ।। १० ।। वातश्लेष्मकरो रक्तपित्तनुद्विषमाग्निजित् । रक्तमार्षो गुरुर्नातिसक्षारो मधुरः सरः । श्लेष्मलः कटुकः पाके स्वल्पदोषः उदीरितः ।। ११ ।। Māriṣa and Vāṣpika. 9.5.2: White variety of Māriṣa (Amaranthus blitum) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Epistaxis and low digestive fire. Note: It disturbs digestion. 9.5.3: Red variety of Māriṣa (Amaranthus gangeticus) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) with alkaline. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Action: Laxative. 9.6: Taṇḍulīya (Amaranthus spinosus) तंडुलीय तण्डुलीयो मेघनादः काण्डेरस्तण्डुलेरकः । भण्डीरस्तण्डुलीबीजो विषघ्नश्चाल्पमारिषः ।। १२ ।। तण्डुलीयो लघुः रूक्षः पित्तकफास्रजित् । सृष्टमूत्रमलो रुच्यो दीपनो विषहारकः ।। १३ ।। पानीयतण्डुलीयन्तु कञ्चटं समुदाहृतम् । कञ्चटं तिक्तकं रक्तपित्तानिलाहरं लघु ।। १४ ।। Synonyms: Alpamāriṣa, Bhaṇdīra, Kāṇdera, Meghanāda, Taṇduleraka, Taṇdulībīja and Viṣaghna. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Mild laxative and diuretic and appetizer. Therapeutics: Blood diseases and poisoning. 9.7: Pānīyataṇḍulīya Synonyms: Jalataṇḍ and Kacaṭa, Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Therapeutics: Epistaxis. पलक्या पलक्या वास्तुकाकारा छुरिका चीरीतच्छदा ।। १५ ।। पलक्या वातला शीता श्लेष्मला भेदनी गुरुः । विष्टम्भिनी मदश्वासपित्तरक्तकफापहा ।। १६ ।। 9.8: Pālakyā (Chenopodium oleracea) Synonyms: Ciritacchadā, Churikā and Vastukākāra. Guṇa (Physical property): Abhiṣyanḍi. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta but pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Asthma and alcoholism. 9.9: Kākaśāka (Corchorus capsularis) कालशाक नाडीकं कालशाकं च श्राद्धशाकं च कालकम् । कालशाकं सरं रुच्यं वातकृत्कफशोथहृत् । बल्यं रुचिकरं मेध्यं रक्तपित्तहरं हिमम् ।। १७ ।। Synonyms: Kākaka, Nāḍīka and śrādhaśāka. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta but pacifies Kapha. Action (s): Appetizer, laxative, nootropic and anti-inflammatory. Therapeutics: Epistaxis. 9.10: Paṭṭaśāka (Corchorus olitorius) पट्टशाक पट्टशाकस्तु नाडीको नाडीशाकश्च स स्मृतः । नाडीको रक्तपित्तघ्नो विष्टम्भी वातकोपनः ।। १८ ।। Synonyms: Nādīka and Nādīśaka. Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Therapeutics: Epistaxis. Note: It disturbs digestion. 9.11: Kalambī (Ipomoea aquatica) कलम्बी शाक कलमम्बी शतपर्वी च कथ्यन्ते तद्गुणा अथ । कलम्बी स्तन्यदा प्रोक्ता मधुरा शुक्रकारिणी ।। १९ ।। Synonyms: śataparvī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). 9.12.1: Loṇī (Portulaca quadrifida) लोणी बृहल्लोणी के नाम तथा गुण लोणा लोणी च कथिता बृहल्लोणी तु घोटिका । लोणी रूक्षा स्मृता गुर्वी वातश्लेष्महरी पटुः ।। २० ।। अर्शोघ्नी दीपनी चाम्ला मन्दाग्निविषनाशिनी । घोटिकाम्ला सरा चोष्णा वातकृत्कफजित्तहृत् वाग्दोषव्रणगुल्मघ्नी श्वासकासप्रमेहनुत् । शोथए लोचनरोगे च हिता तज्ज्ञैरुदाहृता ।। २२ ।। Synonyms: Loṇā. Rasa (Taste): Lavaṇa (Salt) and Amla (Acidic). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Hemorrhoids, loss of appetite and poisoning. 9.12.2: Vṛhalloṇī (Portulaca oleracea) Synonyms: Ghotika. Rasa (Taste): Amla (Acidic). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action: Laxative. Therapeutics: Speech disorders, ulcer, abdominal tumor. asthma, cough, polyura, edema and eye diseases. 9.13: Cāṅgerī (Oxalis corniculata) चांगेरी के नाम गुम चांगेरी चुक्रिका दन्तशठाम्ललोणिका । अश्मन्तकस्तु शफरी कुशला चाम्लपत्रिका ।। २३ ।। चगङ्गेरी दीपनी रुच्या रूक्षोष्णा कफवातनुत् । पित्तलाम्लग्रहण्यर्शःकुष्ठातीसारनाशिनी ।। २४ ।। Synonyms: A*basṭhā, Amlaloṇikā, Amlpatraka, Aśmantaka, Cukrikā, Dantaṣaṭha, Kuśala and śāfarī. Rasa (Taste): Lavaṇa (Salt) and Amla (Acidic). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Malabsorption, hemorrhoids, skin diseases and diarroea. 9.14: Cukrikā (Rumex vesicarius) चुक्रिका के नाम तथा गुण चुक्रिका स्यात्तु पत्राम्ला रोचनी शतवेधनी ।। २५ ।। चुक्रा त्वम्लतरा स्वाद्वी वातघ्नी कफपित्तकृत् । रुच्य लघुतरा पाके वृन्ताकेनातिरोचनी ।। २६ ।। Synonyms: Patrāmalā, Rocanī and śatavedhinī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Amla (Acidic). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and aggravates Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Appetizer. 9.15: Ca*cukī (Corchorus fasiscularis) चंचुकी के नाम तथा गुण चिञ्चा चञ्चुश्चञ्चुकी च दीर्घपत्रा सतिक्तका । चिञ्चुः शीता सरा रुच्या स्वाद्वी दोषत्रयापहा । धातुपुष्टिकरी बल्या मेध्या पिच्छिलिका स्मृता ।। २७ ।। Synonyms: Ca*cu, Ci*cā, Dīrghapatrā and Satikta. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Picchila. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, and Kapha. Action (s): Appetizer, laxative, nutritive, tonic and nootropic. 9.16: Hilnocikā (Enhydra fluctuans) हिलमोचिका के नाम तथा गुण ब्राह्मी शंखधराचारी मत्स्याक्षी हिल्मोचिका शाथं कुष्ठं कफं पित्तं हरते हिलमोचिका ।। २८ ।। Synonyms: ācārī, Brāhamī, Matsyākīṣī and śa*khadharā. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Oedema and skin diseases. 9.17: śitivāra (Marselia minuta) शितिवार शितिवारः शितिवरः स्वस्तिकःसुनिषण्णकः । श्रीवारकः सूचिपत्रः पर्णकः कुक्कुटः शिखी ।। २९ ।। चाङ्गरीसदृशः पत्रैश्चतुर्दल इतीरितः । शाको जलान्विते देशे चतुष्पत्रीति चोच्यते ।। ३० ।। सुनिषण्णो हिमो ग्राही मोहदोषत्रयापहः ।। ३१ ।। अविदाही लघुः स्वादुः कषायो रूक्षदीपनः । वृष्यो रुच्यो ज्वरश्वासमेहकुष्ठभ्रमप्रणुत् ।। ३२ ।। Synonyms: Kukuṭa, Parṇaka, Savastika, śitivara, śrīvāraka, Sūkī, Sūcipatra and śuniṣaṇaka. Descfiption: Leaves of śtitvara are similar to Cāṅgerī (Oxalis corniculata) baring number of leaves. śitivara has four where as Cāṅgerī has three. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Appetizer and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Obesity, fever, asthma, polyuria, skin diseases and vertigo. 9.18: Mūlakpatra (Leaves of Raphanus sativus) मूलीपत्र शाक पाचनं लघु रुच्योष्णं पत्रं मूलकजं नवम् । स्नेहसिद्धं त्रिदोषघ्नमसिद्धं कफपित्तकृत् ।। ३३ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta but aggravates Vāta. Action: Appetizer and digestive. Note: 1. Mūlakapatra fried in oil pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. 2. Mūlakapatra which is not fried aggravates Pitta and Kapha. 9.19: Droṇapuṣpī patra (Leaves of Leucas cephalotus) द्रोणपुष्पी शाक द्रोणपुष्पीदलं स्वादु रूक्षं गुरु च पित्तकृत् । भेदनं कामलाशोथमेहज्वरहरं कटु ।। ३४ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta. Action: Laxative. Therapeutics: Jaundice, oedema, polyuria and fever. 9.20: Yavānī śāka (Leaves of Tachyspermum ammi) यवानीशाक यवानीशाकमाग्नेयं रुच्यं वातकफप्रणुत् । उष्णं कटु च तिक्तं च पित्तलं लघु शूलहृत् ।। ३५ ।। Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Colic. 9.20: Dadrughana patra śāka (Leaves of Cassia tora) दद्रुघ्नपत्रशाक दद्रध्नपत्रं दोषघ्नमम्लं वातकफापहम् । कण्डूकासकृमिश्वासदद्रुकुष्ठप्रणुल्लघु ।। ३६ ।। Rasa (Taste): Amla (Acidic). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Vāta. Therapeutics: Pruritis, cough, worm infestation, asthma, ringworm and skin diseases. 9.21: Sehuṇḍa patra (Leaves of Euphrobia neriifolia) सेहुण्ड शाक सेहुण्डस्य दलं तीक्ष्णं दीपनं रेचनं हरेत् । आध्मानाष्ठीलिकागुल्मशूलशोथोदराणि च ।। ३७ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Vāta. Actions: Laxative and appetizer. Therapeutics: Flatulence, enlarged prostate, abdominal tumor, colic, edema and abdominal diseases. 9.22: Parpaṭa śāka (Fumaria officinalis) पर्पट शाक पर्पटो हन्ति पित्तास्रज्वरतृष्णाकफभ्रमान् । संग्राही शीतलस्तिक्तो दाहनुद्वातलो लघुः ।। ३८ ।। Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta but aggravates Vāta. Therapeutics: Blood diseases, fever, excessive thirst, vertigo and burning sensation. 9.23: Gojihvā (Onosma bracteatum) गोजिह्वा शाक गोजिह्वा वा कुष्ठमेगास्रकृच्छज्वरहरी लघः ।। ३९ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Therapeutics: Blood diseases, dysuria and fever. 9.24: Paṭolapatra (Trichosanthes dioica) पटोलपत्र पटोलपत्रं पित्तघ्नं दीपनं पाचनं लघु । स्निग्धं तथोष्णं च ज्वरकासकृमिप्रणुत् ।। ४० ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Action: Appetetizer, digestive and spermpiotic. Therapeutics: Fever, cough and worm infestation. 9.25: Guḍūcī patra (Leaves of Tinospora cordifolia) गुडूचीपत्र गुडूचीपत्रमाग्नेयं सर्वज्वरहरं लघु । कषायं कटु तिक्तं च स्वादु पाके रसायनम् ।। ४१ ।। बल्यमुष्णं च संग्राहि हन्याद्दोषत्रयं तृषाम् । दाहप्रमेहवातासृक्कामलाकुष्ठपाण्डुताः ।। ४२ ।। Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter) Madhusa (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha, Pitta and Vāta. Action: Tonic and astringent. Therapeutics: Fevers, excessive thirst, burning sensation, polyuria, blood diseases, jaundice, skin diseases and anemia. 9.26: Kāsamarda (Cassia occidentalis) कासमर्द कासमर्दोsरिमर्दश्च कासारी कर्कशस्तथा । कासमर्ददलं रुच्यं वृष्यं कासविषास्रनुत् ।। ४३ ।। मधुरं कफवातघ्नं पाचनं कण्ठशोधनम् । विशेषतः कासहरंं पित्तघ्नं ग्राहनं लघु ।। ४४ ।। Synonyms: Arimarda, Karkaśa and Kāsāri. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha, Pitta and Vāta. Action: Appetetizer and spermpiotic. Therapeutics: Cough, poisoning and blood diseases. 9.27: Caṇaka śāka चणक शाक रुच्यं चणकशाकं स्याद् दुर्जरं कफवातकृत् । अम्लं बिष्टंभजनकं पित्तनुद्दन्तशोथहृत् ।। ४५ ।। Rasa (Taste): Amla (Acidic). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Swelling of gums. Note: It disturbs digestion. 9.28: Kalāya śāka कलाय शाक कलायशाकं भेदि स्याल्लघु तिक्तं त्रिदोषजित् ।। ४६ ।। Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Action: Laxative. 9.29: Sārṣapa śāka सार्षप शाक कटुकं सार्षपं शाकं बहुमूत्रमलं गुरु । अम्लपाकं विदाहि स्यादुष्णं रूक्षं त्रिदोषकृत् । सक्षारलवणं तीक्ष्णं स्वादु शाकेषु निन्दितम् ।। ४७ ।। Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) Madhura (Sweet) and Lavaṇa (Salt). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy), Rūkṣa, Vidhāhī and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Amla (Acidic). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta, Vāta and Kapha. Action: Diuretic and laxative. Note: It is considered to be inferior among all Shaka. 9.30: Agasta śāka अथ पुष्पशाकानि अगस्तिपुष्पशाक अगस्तिकुसुमं शीतं चातुर्थिकनिवारणम् । नक्तान्ध्यनाशनं तिक्तं कषायं कटुपाकि च । पीनसश्लेष्मपित्तघ्नं वातघ्नं मुनिभिमंतम् ।। ४८ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha, Pitta and Vāta. Therapeutics: Tertian fever, night-blindness and rhinitis. 9.31: Kadalīpuṣpa (Flowers of Musa paradisica) कदलीपुष्प कदल्याः कुसुमं स्निग्धं मधुरं तुवरं गुरु । वातपित्तहरं शीतं रक्तपित्तक्षयप्रणुत् ।। ४९ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Therapeutics: Epistaxis and phthisis. 9.32.1: śigru puṣpa (Flower of Moringa olifera) शोभाञ्जन पुष्प शिग्रोः पुष्पं तु कटुकं तीक्ष्णोष्णं स्नायुशोथनुत् । कृमिहृत्कफवातघ्नं विद्रधिप्लीहगुल्मजित् । मधुशिग्रोस्त्वक्षिहितं रक्तपित्तप्रसादनम् ।। ५० ।। Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Vāta. Therapeutics: Inflammation of ligaments, abscess, splen diseases and abdominal tumor. 9.32.2: Madhśigru puṣpa Therapeutics: Eye diseases and epistaxis. 9.33: śālmalī puṣpa (Flower of Bombax malabaricum) शाल्मलीशाक शाल्मलीपुष्पशाकं तु घृतसैन्धवसाधितम् । प्रदरं नाशयत्येव दुःसाध्यं च न संशयः ।। ५१ ।। रसे पाके च मधुरं कषायं शीतलं गुरु । कफपित्तास्रजिद् ग्राहि वातलं च प्रकीर्त्तितम् ।। ५२ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Vidhāhī. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta but aggravates Vāta. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: Diseases of the blood. The flower of śālmalī when given with ghee and saindhava namaka (Black salt) cures menorrhagia. 9.34.1: Kuṣmāṇḍa (Benincasa cerifera) अथ फलशाकानि । कूष्माण्ड कूष्माण्डं स्यात्पुष्पफलं पीतपुष्पं बृहत्फलम् ।। ५३ ।। कूष्माण्डं बृंहणं वृष्यं गुरु पित्तास्रवातनुत् । बालं पित्तापहं शीतं मध्यमं कफकारकम् ।। ५४ ।। वृद्धं नातिहिमं स्वादु सक्षारं दीपनं लघु । बस्तिशुद्धिकरं चेतोरोगहृत्सर्वदोषजित् ।। ५५ ।। Synonyms: Pitapuṣpa, Puṣphala and Vṛhatphala. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Tonic and aphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Diseases of the blood. 9.34.2: Unripe Kūṣmāṇḍa कूष्माण्डीशाक कूष्माण्डी तु भृशं लघ्वी कर्कारुरपि कीर्त्तिता । कर्कारुर्ग्राहिणी शीता रक्तपित्तहरा गुरुः । पक्वा तिक्ताग्निजननी सक्षारा कफवातनुत् ।। ५६ ।। Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. 9.34.3: Kuṣmāṇḍa in intermediate stage Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. 9.34.4: Ripe Kuṣmāṇḍa Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Mental disorders. Note: It purifies the urinary bladder. 9.35.1: Kuṣmāṇḍa (Cucurbita pepo) Synonyms: Karkāru. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: Epistaxis. 9.35.2: Ripe Kuṣmāṇḍa Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Action: Appetizer. अलाबू अलाबूः कथिता तुम्बी द्विधा दीर्घा च वर्तुला ।। ५७ ।। मिष्टतुम्बीफलं हृद्य पित्तश्लेष्मापहं गुरु । वृष्यं रुचिकरं प्रोक्तं धातुपुष्टि विवर्द्धनम् ।। ५८ ।। 9.36: Alābū (Lagenaria vulgaris) Synonyms: Tumbī. Type: 1. Dīrgha and 2. Vartula. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Action: Cardiac tonic, nutritive and spermopiotic. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta. Therapeutics: Beneficial for eyes and seminal diseases. 9.37: Kaṭutumbī (Lagenaria vulgaris) कटुतुम्बी इक्ष्वाकुः कटुतुम्बी स्यात्सा तुम्बी च महाफला । कटुतुम्बी हिमा दृद्या पित्तकासविषापहा । तिक्ता कटुर्विपके च वातपित्तज्वरान्तकृत् ।। ५९ ।। Synonyms: Ikṣvāku, Mahāphalā and Tumbī. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Action: Cardiac tonic. Therapeutics: Cough, poisoning and fevr caused by vitiation of Vāta and Pitta. 9.37.1: Karkaṭī (Cucumis ultilissimus) कर्कटी एर्वारुः कर्कटी प्रोक्ता कथ्यन्ते तद्गुणा अथ ।। ६० ।। कर्कटी शीतला रूक्षा ग्राहिणी मधुरा गुरुः । रुच्या पित्तहरा सामा पक्वा तृष्णाग्निपित्तकृत् ।। ६१ ।। Synonyms: Ervaru. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Action: Astringent and appetizer. 9.37. 2: Unripe Karkaṭī Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Excessive thirst. 9.38: Ciciṇḍa (Tricosanthes anguina) चिचिण्ड चिचिण्डः श्वेतराजिः स्यात्सुदीर्घो गृहकूलकः । चिचिण्डोवातापत्तघ्नो बल्यः पथ्यो रुचिप्रदः । शोषिणोsतिहितः किञ्चिद्गुणैर्न्यूनः पटोलतः ।। ६२ ।। Synonyms: Grhakūlaka, śvetarāji and Sudīrghā. Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa and Tīkṣṇa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Tonic and appetizer. Therapeutics: Consumption. 9.39.1: Kārvella (Momordica charantia) कारवेल्ल कारवेल्लं कठिल्लं स्यात्कारवेल्ली ततो लघुः कारवेल्लं हिमं भेदि लघु तिकक्तामवातलम् ।। ६३ ।। ज्वरपित्तकफास्रध्नं पाण्डुमेहक्रिमीन् हरेत् । तद्गुणा कारवेल्ली स्याद्विशेषाद्दीपनी लघुः ।। ६४ ।। Synonyms: Kaṭhilla. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta. Action: Laxative and anthelmintic. Therapeutics: Blood diseases, anemia and polyuria. 9.39.2: Karvelli Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta. Action: Appetizer, laxative and anthelmintic. Therapeutics: Blood diseases, anemia and polyuria. 9.40: Mahākośātakī (Luffa aegyptiaca) महाकोशातकी (घोष) महाकोशातकी प्रोक्ता हस्तिघोषा महाफला ।। ६५ ।। धामार्गवो घोषकश्च हस्तिपर्णश्च स स्मृतः । महाकोशातकी स्निग्धा रक्तपित्तानिलापहा ।। ६६ ।। Synonyms: Dhāmāgarva, Ghoṣaka, Hastighoṣa, Hastiparṇa and Mahāphalā. Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Therapeutics: Epistaxis. 9.41: Rajakośātakī (Luffa acutangula) राजकोशातकी- धामार्गव पितपुष्पो जालिनी कृतवेधना । राजकोशातकी चेति तथोक्ता राजिमत्फला ।। ६७ ।। राजकोशातकी शीता मधुरा कफवातकृत् । पित्तघ्नी दीपनी श्वासज्वरकासकृमिप्रणुत् ।। ६८ ।। Synonyms: Dhamāgarva, Jālinī, Kṛtavedhana, Pītapuṣpa and Rājimatphalā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Asthma, fever,coughs and worm infestation. 9.42.1: Paṭola (Trichosanthes dioica) पटोल पटोलः कूलकस्तिक्तः पाण्डुकः कर्कशच्छदः । राजीफलः पांडुफलो रारजेयश्चामृताफलः ।। ६९ ।। बीजगर्भः प्रतीकश्च कुष्ठहा कासभञ्जनः । पटोलं पाचनं हृद्यं वृष्यं लघ्वग्निदीपनम् । स्निग्धोष्णं हन्ति कासास्रज्वरदोषत्रयक्रिमीन् ।। ७० ।। पटोलस्य भवेन्मूलं विरेचनकरं सुखात् ।। ७१ ।। नालं श्लेष्महरं पत्रं पित्तहारि फलं पुनः । दोषत्रयहरं प्रोक्तं तद्वत्तिक्तपटोलिका ।। ७२ ।। Synonyms: Amṛitāphala, Bījagarbha, Karkaśacchada, Kāsabhañjana, Kūlaka, Kūṣṭhahā, Pāṇduka, Pāṇduphala, Pratīka, Rājeya, Rājīphala and Tikta. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Cardiac tonic, spermopiotic and appetizer. Therapeutics: Cough, fever and worm infestation. 9.42.2: Root of Paṭola (Trichosanthes dioica) Action: Laxative. 9.42.3: Stalk of Paṭola (Trichosanthes dioica) Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. 9.42.4: Root of Paṭola (Trichosanthes dioica) Action: Laxative. 9.42.5: Fruit of Paṭola (Trichosanthes dioica) Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. 9.42.6: Bitter variety of Paṭola Synonyms: Paṭolika. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Cardiac tonic, spermopiotic and appetizer. Therapeutics: Cough, fever and worm infestation. 9.43: Bi*bī (Coccinia indica) बिंबी तुंडिकेरी बिम्बी रक्तफला तुण्डी तुण्डिकेरी च बिम्बिका । ओष्ठोपमफला प्रोक्ता पीलुपर्णी च कथ्यते ।। ७३ ।। बिम्बीफलं स्वादु गुरुपित्तास्रवातजित् । स्तम्भनं लेखनं रुच्यं विबन्धाध्मानकारकम् ।। ७४ ।। Synonyms: Aoṣthopamaphalā, Lekhana, Pīluparṇi, Raktaphalā, Tuṇḍī and Tuṇḍīkerī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Astringent and appetizer. Therapeutics: Diarrhoea, obesity and blood diseases. Note: It leads to tympanites 9.44.1: śimba शिंबि शिम्बी शिम्बः पुस्तशिम्बी तथा पुस्तकशिम्बिका । शिम्बीद्वयं च मधुरं रसे पाके हिमं गुरु । बल्यं दाहकरं प्रोक्तं श्लेष्मलं वातपित्तजित् ।। ७५ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Tonic. Note: It lead to burning sensation. 9.44.1: śimba bheda Synonyms: Pustaśimbī and Pustakaśimbikā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Tonic. Note: It lead to burning sensation. 9.45: Kolaśimba (Canvalia gladiata?) कोलशिम्बी कोलशिम्बी कृष्णफला तथा पर्य्यंकपट्टिका ।। ७६ ।। कोशिम्बी समीरघ्नी गुर्व्युष्णा कफपित्तकृत् । शुक्रग्निसादकृद् वृष्या रुचिकृद्बद्धविड्गुरुः ।। ७७ ।। Synonyms: Kṛṣṇaphalā and Paryaṅkapaṭṭikā. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta but aggravates Kapha and Pitta. Action: Spermopiotic and appetizer. Therapeutics: Diarrhoea. Note: It is harmful for semen and digestive fire. 9.46: Fruit of śobhāñjana (Moringa olifera) शोभाञ्जनफल शोभाञ्जनं स्त्रि तु वार्ताकुर्भण्टाकी भाण्टिकापि च । वृन्ताकं स्वादु तीक्ष्णोष्णं कटुपाकमपित्तलम् ।। ७९ ।। ज्वरवतबलासघ्नं दीपनं शुक्रलं लघु । तद्वालं कफपित्तघ्नं वृद्धं पित्तकरं लघु ।। ८० ।। वृन्ताकं पित्तलं किंचिदङ्गारपरिपाचितम् । कफमेदोsनिलामघ्नमत्यर्थं लघु दीपनम् ।। ८१ ।। तदेव हि गुरु स्निग्ध तत्तैलं लवणान्वितम् । अपरं श्वेतवृन्ताकं कुक्कुटाण्डसमं भवेत् । तदर्शस्तु विशेषेण हितं हीनं च पूर्वतः ।। ८२ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Colic, skin diseases, phthisis, asthma and abdominal tumor. 9.47.1: Vṛntāka (Solanum melongena) Synonyms: Bhaṇṭākī and Bhāṇṭikā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) Tīkṣṇa and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Action: Appetizer and spemopiotic. Therapeutics: Fever. 9.47.2: Small fruit of Vṛntāka Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. 9.47.3: Large fruit of Vṛntāka Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta. 9.47.4: Vṛntāka fried in fire Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Indigestion and obesity. 9.47.4: Vṛntāka fried in fire containing Taila and Namaka Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. 9.47.5: White variety of Vṛntāka (Solanum melongena) Synonyms: śvetavṛntāka. Therapeutics: Haemorrhoids. Note: It is inferior as compared to Vṛntāka (Solanum melongena). 9.48: ḍiṇḍiśa (Citrullus vulgaris) डिण्डिश डिण्डिशो रोमशफलो मुनिनिर्मित इत्यपि ।। ८३ ।। डिण्डिशो रुचिकृद्भेदी पित्तश्लेष्मापहः मृतः । सुशीतो वातलो रूक्षो मुत्रलश्मरीहरः ।। ८४ ।। Synonyms: Muninirmita and Romaśaphala. Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta but aggravates Vāta. Action: Appetizer, diuretic and laxative. Therapeutics: Calculus. 9.49: Piṇdāra (Randia uliginosa)* पिण्डार पिण्डारे शीतलं बल्यं पित्तघ्नं रुचिकारकम् । पाके लघु विशेषेण विषशान्तिकरं स्मृतम् ।। ८५ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Action: Tonic and appetizer. Therapeutics: Poisoning *Drug of controversial origin. 9.50: Karkoṭī (Momordica dioica) कर्कोटी कर्कोटकी पीतपुष्पा महाजालीति चोच्यते । ककोटी मलहृत् कुष्ठहृल्लासरुचिनाशिनी । श्वासकासज्वरान् हन्ति कटुपाका च दीपनी ।। ८६ ।। Synonyms: Mahājālī and Pītapuṣpā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer, diuretic and laxative. Therapeutics: Skin diseases, nausa, anorexia, asthma, cough and fever. 9.51: ḍoḍīkā* डोडिका डोडिका विषमुष्टिश्च डोडीत्यपि सुमुष्टिका ।। ८७ ।। डोडिका पुष्टिदा वृष्या रुच्या वह्निप्रदा लघुः । हन्ति पित्तकफर्शांसि कृमिगुल्मविषामयान् ।। ८८ ।। Synonyms: ḍoḍī, Sumuṣṭikā and Viṣamuṣṭikā. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Nutritive, tonic and appetizer. Therapeutics: Haemorrhoids, worm infestation, abdominal tumor and poisoning. *Drug of controversial origin. 9.52: Fruit of Kaṇṭakārī (Solanum xanthocarpum) कण्टकारी फल कण्टकारीफलं तिक्तं कटुकं दीपनं लघु । रूक्षोष्णं श्वासकासघ्नं ज्वरनिलकफापहम् ।। ८९ ।। Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Asthma, cough and fever. 9.53: Nāla of Sarṣapa (Brassica campestris) सर्षपनाल तीक्ष्णोष्णं सार्षपं नालं वातश्लेष्मव्रणापहम् । कण्डूकृमिहरं दद्रुकुष्ठघ्नं रुचिकारकम् ।। ९० ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Pruritis, worm infestation, burning sensation and skin diseases. कन्दशाकानि Kandaśāka 9.54: Sūraṇa (Amorphophallus campanulatus) तत्रसूरण शाक सूरणः कन्द ओलश्च कण्डूलोsर्शोघ्न इत्यापि । सूरणो दीपनो रूक्षः कषायः कण्डुकृत्कटुः ।। ९१ ।। विष्टम्भी विशदो रुच्यः कफार्शः कृन्तनो लघुः ।। विशेषादर्शसे पथ्यः प्लीहगुल्मविनाशनः ।। ९२ ।। सर्वेषां कन्दशाकानां सूरणः श्रेष्ठ उच्यते । दद्रुणां कुष्ठिनां रक्तपित्तिनां न हितो हि स । सन्धानयोगं संप्राप्तः सूरणो गुणवत्तरः ।। ९३ ।। Synonyms: ola, Arśoghna, Kanda and Kandala. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) Rūkṣa and Viśada. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Hemorrhoids, spleen diseases and abdominal tumor. Contraindications: Ringworm, skin diseases and epistaxis. Note: When subjected to fermentation or used in form of pickle, Sūraṇa is more efficacious. 9.55.1: āluka (Solanum tuberosum) आलुक आरुकं वीरसेनं च वीरं वीरारुकं तथा । आरुकमप्यालुकं तत्कथितं वीरसेनकम् ।। ९४ ।। काष्ठालुकशंखालुकहस्त्यालूकानि कथ्यन्ते । पिण्डालुकमध्वालुकरक्तालूकानि चोक्तानि ।। आलुकं शीतलं सर्वं विष्टम्भि मधुरं गुरु ।। ९६ ।। सृष्टमूत्रमलं रूक्षं दुर्जरं रक्तपित्तनुत् । कफानिलकरं बल्यं वृष्यं स्तम्भविवर्द्धनम् ।। ९७ ।। Synonyms: āruka, Vīrasena and Vīrasenaka. Varieties: 1. Kāṭhāluka, 2. śamkhāluka, 3. Hastyāluka, 4. Piṇḍāluka, 5. Madhāluka and 6. Ratālū. 9.55.2: Properties of Kāṭhalū Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta and Kapha. action: Tonic, spermopiotic, laxative, diuretic and appetizer (slight). Therapeutics: Epistaxis. 9.55.3: Properties of śa*khāluka Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta and Kapha. action: Tonic, spermopiotic, laxative, diuretic and appetizer (slight). Therapeutics: Epistaxis. 9.55.4: Prperties of Hastyāluka Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta and Kapha. action: Tonic, spermopiotic, laxative, diuretic and appetizer (slight). Therapeutics: Epistaxis. 9.55.5: Properties of Pīṇḍāluka Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta and Kapha. action: Tonic, spermopiotic, laxative, diuretic and appetizer (slight). Therapeutics: Epistaxis. 9.55.6: Properties of Madhvāluka Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta and Kapha. action: Tonic, spermopiotic, laxative, diuretic and appetizer (slight). Therapeutics: Epistaxis. 9.55.7: Properties of Raktālūka रक्तालुभेद रक्तालुभेदो या दीर्घा तन्वी च प्रथितालुकी । आलुकी बलकृत्स्निग्धा गुर्वी हृत्कफनाशिनी । विष्टंभकारिणी तैले तलिताsतिरुचिप्रदा ।। ९८ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta and Kapha. action: Tonic, spermopiotic, laxative, diuretic and appetizer (slight). Therapeutics: Epistaxis. 9.55.8: ālukī (Colocasia antiquorum?) It is variety of Raktāluka. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Tonic. Note: 1. It pacifies Kapha aggravated in cardiac region. 2. It is difficult to digest. 3. When fried in oil, it acts as appetizer. 9.56.1: Laghumūlaka (Raphanus sativus) मूलक द्वय मूलकं द्विविधं प्रोक्तं तत्रैकं लघुमृलकम् । शालामर्कटकं विस्रं शालेयं मरुसम्भवम् ।। ९९ ।। चाणक्यमूलकं तीक्ष्णं तथा मूलकपोतिका । नेपालमूलकं चान्यत्तद् भवेद् गजदन्तवत् ।। १०० ।। लघुमूलं कटूष्णं स्याद्रुच्यं च लघु पाचनम् । दोषत्रयहरं स्वर्य्यं ज्वरश्वासविनाशनम् ।। १०१ ।। नासिकाकण्ठरोगघ्नं नयनामयनाशनम् ।। १०२ ।। महत्तदेव रूक्षोष्णं गुरु दोषत्रयप्रदम् । स्नेहसिद्धं तदेव स्याद्दोषत्रयविनाशनम् ।। १०३ ।। Synonyms: Cāṇkayamūlaka, Marusa*bhava, Mūlaka potikā, śālāmarkaṭaka, śāleya, Tīkṣṇa and Visra. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Kapha and Pitta. Action: Appetizer and digestive. Therapeutics: Fever, asthma and diseases of the nose, throat and eyes. 9.56.2: Other variety of Mūlaka (Raphanus sativus) Synonyms: Naipālamūlaka. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Kapha and Pitta. 9.57: Gṛñjana (Daucus carota) गृञ्जन गुञ्जनं गाजरं प्रोक्तं तथा नारङ्गवर्णकम् । गाजरं मधुरं तीक्ष्णं तिक्तोष्णं दीपनं लघु । संग्राहि रक्तपित्तार्शोग्रहणीकफवातजित् ।। १०४ ।। Synonyms: Gājara and Nāraṅgavarṇaka. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Kapha and Pitta. Action: Appetizer and astringent. Therapeutics: Epistaxis, hemorrhoids and malabsorption. 9.58: Kadalī kanda (Rhizome of Musa paradisica) कदलीकन्द शीतलः कदलीकन्दो बल्यः केश्योsम्लपित्तजित् । वह्निकृद्दाहहारी च मधुरो रुचिकारकः ।। १०५ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Action: Tonic and appetizer. Therapeutics: Hair diseases, hyperacidity and burning sensation. 9.59: Mānakanda (Alocasia indica) मानकन्द मानकः स्यान्महापत्रः कथ्यन्ते तद्गुणा अथ । मानकः शोथहृच्छीतो रक्तपित्तहरो लघुः ।। १०६ ।। Synonyms: Mahāpatra. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Therapeutics: Oedema and epistaxis. 9.60: Vārāhīkanda (Dioscorea bulbifera) वाराहीकंद वाराही पित्तला बल्या कट्वी तिक्ता रसायनी । आयुः शुक्राग्निकृन्मेहकफकुष्ठानिलापहा ।। १०७ ।। Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṭu (Pungent). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Action: Tonic, spermoptiotic and appetizer. Therapeutics: Polyuria. and skin diseases. 9.61: Hastikarṇā (Leea macrophylla?) हस्तिकर्णा गजकर्णी तु तिक्तोष्ण तथा वातकफाञ्जयेत् । शीतज्वरहरी स्वादुः पाके तस्यास्तु कन्दकः ।। १०८ ।। पाण्डुशोथकृमिप्लीहगुल्मानाहोदरापहः । ग्रहण्यर्शोविकारघ्नी वनसूरणकन्दवत् ।। १०९ ।। Synonyms: Gajakarṇa. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Fever, Anemia, oedema, worm infestation, spleen diseases,abdominal tumor, flatulence, abdominal diseases, malabsorption and hemorrhoids. 9.62: Kemuka (Costus speciosus) केमुक केमुकं कटुकं पाके तिक्तं ग्राहि हिमं लघु ।। ११० ।। दीपनं पाचनं हृद्यं कफपित्तज्वरापहम् । कुष्ठाकासप्रमेहास्रनाशनं वातलं कटु ।। १११ ।। Synonyms: Gajakarṇa. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Astringent,appetizer, digestive and cardiac tonic. Therapeutics: Fever, skin diseases, cough, polyuria and blood diseases. 9.63.1: Kaseru (Scirpus kysoor) कसेरु कसेरु द्विविधं तत्तु महद्राजकसेरुकम् । मुस्ताकृति लघु स्याद्यत्तच्चिचोढमिति स्मृतम् ।। ११२ ।। कसेरुकद्वयं शीतं मधुरं तुवरं गुरु । पित्तशोणितदाहघ्नं नयनामयनाशनम् । ग्राहि शुक्रानिलश्लेष्मारुचिस्तन्यकरं स्मृतम् ।। ११३ ।। Synonyms: Rajakaseru. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta and Kapha. Action: Astringent and galactagouge. Therapeutics: Blood diseases, burning sensation, anorexia and eye-diseases. 9.64.2: Small variety of Kaser कसेरु कसेरु द्विविधं तत्तु महद्राजकसेरुकम् । मुस्ताकृति लघु स्याद्यत्तच्चिचोढमिति स्मृतम् ।। ११२ ।। कसेरुकद्वयं शीतं मधुरं तुवरं गुरु । पित्तशोणितदाहघ्नं नयनामयनाशनम् । ग्राहि शुक्रानिलश्लेष्मारुचिस्तन्यकरं स्मृतम् ।। ११३ ।। Synonyms: Cicora. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta and Kapha. Action: Astringent and galactagouge. Therapeutics: Blood diseases, burning sensation, anorexia and eye-diseases. 9.65.1: śālūka शालूक पद्मादिकन्दः शालूकं करहाटश्च कथ्यते ।। ११४ ।। मृणालमूलं भिस्साण्डं जलालूबं च कथ्यते । शालूकं शीतलं वृष्यं पित्तास्रदाहनुद् गुरु ।। ११५ ।। दुर्जरं स्वादुपाकं च स्तन्यानिलकफप्रदम् । संग्राहि मधुरं रूक्षं भिस्साण्डमपि तद्गुणम् ।। ११६ ।। Synonyms: Kamalakanda and Karhāṭa. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta and Kapha. Action: Astringent and galactagouge. Therapeutics: Blood diseases and burning sensation. 9.65.2: Bhisāṇḍa निषिद्धशाकानि बालं ह्यनार्त्तवं जीर्णं व्याधितं कृमिभक्षितम् । कन्दं विवर्जयेत्सर्वं यद्वाग्न्यादिविदूषितम् । अतिजिर्णमकालोत्थं रूक्षसिद्धमदेशजम् ।। ११७ ।। कर्कशं कोमलं चातिशीतं व्यालादिदूषितम् । संशुष्कं सकलं नाश्नीयान्मूलकं विना ।। ११८ ।। Synonyms: Jalālūka and Mṛṇālamūla. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta and Kapha. Action: Astringent and galactagouge. Therapeutics: Blood diseases and burning sensation. 9.66: Some definitions 1. śāka if unripe, not obtained from proper time, old, diseases, spoiled by insects and polluted by fire should not be consumed. 2. śāka if old, originating from dirty place, hard, soft, originationg in cold season and spoiled by aninmals should be discarded. Sa*svedajaśāka 9.67: Bhūmichatraka (Agaricus campestris) संस्वेदजशाकानि उक्तं संस्वेदजं शाकं भूमिच्छत्रं शिलीन्ध्रकम् । क्षितिगोमयकाष्ठेषु वृक्षादिषु तदुद्भवेत् ।। ११९ ।। सर्वे संस्वेदजाः शीता दोषलाः पिच्छिलाश्च ते । गुरवश्छर्द्यतीसारज्वरश्लेष्मामयप्रदाः ।। १२० ।। श्वेताsशुचिस्थलीकाष्ठवंशगोमयसम्भवाः । नातिदोषकरास्ते स्युः शेषास्तेभ्यो विगर्हिताः ।। १२१ ।। Synonyms: śilīmdhraka and Sa*svedajaśāka. Origin: It originated from earth, dung, bark and trees. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Picchila. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Vomiting, diarrhoea and fever. Note: 1. Sa*svedajaśāka having white colour, originating from hygienic places, bark, bamboo and animal dung are not harmful to some extent. 2. Sa*svedajaśāka originating form unhygienic places are harmful. CHAPTER 10 Mā*savarga अथ मांसवर्गः 10.1: Mā*sa in general मांस केपर्याय मांसन्तु पिशितं क्रव्यमामिषं पललं पलम् । मांसंवातहरं सर्वं बृंहणं बलपुष्टिकृत् । प्रीणनं गुरु हृद्यञ्च मधुरं रसपाकयोः ।। १ ।। Synonyms: āmiṣa, Kravya, Pala, Palala and Piśita. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action (s): Tonic, nitritive and cardiac tonic. 10.2: Types of Mā*sa मांसभेदा मांसवर्गो द्विधा ज्ञेयो जाङ्गलानूपभेदतः ।। २ ।। 1. Jāṅgala: Mā*sa obtained from animal living in forests. 2. ānūpa: Mā*sa obtained from animal living in water or in vicinity to water. 10.3: Types of Jāṅgala Māsa जांगल मांसवर्ग के भेद वा गुण मांसवगsत्र जंघला बिलस्थाश्च गुहाशयाः । तथा पर्णमृगा ज्ञेया विष्किराः प्रतुदास्तथा ।। ३ ।। प्रसहा अथ च ग्राम्या अष्टौ जाङ्गलजातयः । जाङ्गला मधुरा रूक्षास्तुवरा लधवस्तथा ।। ४ ।। बल्यास्ते बृहणा वृष्या दीपना दोषहारिणः । मूकतां मिन्मिनत्वं च गद्गदत्वार्दिते तथा ।। ५ ।। बाधिर्य्यमरुचिच्छर्दिप्रमेहमुखजान् गदान् । श्लीपदं गलगण्डञ्च नाशयत्यनिलामयान् ।। ६ ।। 1. Jāṅgala: These animals walk with help of thighs. 2. Bileśya: These animals live in openings. 3. Guhāśaya: These animals live in calves. 4. Parṇamṛga: These animals climb the trees. 5. Viṣkira: These animals eat by digging. 6. Pratuda: These animals eat with help of beak. 7. Prasaha: These animals eat by snatching the prey. 8. Grāmya: These animals live in towns. 10.4: Jāṅgala Mā*sa Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action (s): Tonic, nitritive, appetizer and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Speech disorders, facial paralysis, deafness, anorexia, vomiting, polyuria, diseases fo the throat, filariaisis, goiter and diseases caused by vitiation of Vāta. 10.5: Types of ānupa Mā*sa आनूप मांस के लक्षण वा गुण कूलेचराः प्लवाश्चापि कोशस्थाः पादिनस्तथा । मत्स्या एते समाख्याताः पञ्चधाsनूपजातयः ।। ७ ।। आनूपा मधुराः स्निग्धा गुरवो वह्निसादनाः । श्लेष्मलाः पिच्छिलाशचापि मांसपुष्टिप्रदा भृशम् । तथाsभिष्यन्दिनस्ते हि प्रायः पथ्यतमाः स्मृताः ।। ८ ।। 1. Kulecara: These animals walk across corners of rivers. 2. Plava: These animals swim in water. 3. Kośastha: These live inside bills. 4. Pādī: These animals live in water and have feet. 5. Matsya: These include fish. 10.6: ānūpa Mā*sa Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy), Snigdha Abhiṣyandi and Picchila. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta. Action (s): Nutritive. 10.7: Jāṅgala अथ जांगलाः जंगल प्राणी और उनके गुण हरिणैणकुरङ्गर्ष्यपृषतन्यंकुशम्बराः ।। ९ ।। राजीवोsपि च मण्डी चेत्याद्या जंघालसंज्ञकाः । हरिणस्ताभ्रवर्णः स्यादेणः कृष्णः प्रकीत्तितः ।। १० ।। कुरङ्गईषत्ताम्रः स्यादेणतुल्याकृतिर्महान् । ऋष्यो नीलाङ्गको लोके रोझ इति कीर्त्तितः ।। १२ ।। राजीवस्तु मृगो ज्ञेयो राजिभिः परितो वृतः यो मृगः शृङ्गहीनः स्यात् मुण्डीति निगद्यते ।। १३ ।। जंघलाः प्रायशः सर्वे पित्तश्लेष्महराः स्मृताः । किञ्चिद्वातकराश्चापि लघवो बलवर्द्धनाः ।। १४ ।। This gruop includes Hariṇa, Eṇa, Kuraṅga, ṛṣya, Pṛṣata, Nyaṅku, śambara, Rājīva and Muṇḍi. 10.7.1: Hariṇa (Common Deer) Description: This deer is of copper colour. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action (s): Tonic. 10.7.2: Eṇa (Black Buck) Description: This deer is of copper colour. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action (s): Tonic. 10.7.3: Kuraṅga Description: This deer is of copper colour and resembles Eṇa in size. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action (s): Tonic. 10.7.4: ṛṣya Synonyms: Rojha. Description: This deer is of copper colour. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action (s): Tonic. 10.7.5: Pṛṣata Description: It is spotted and smaller as compared to Hariṇa. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action (s): Tonic. 10.7.6: Nyaṅku (Stag) Description: It contains horns. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action (s): Tonic. 10.7.7: śambara (Indian Deer) Description: It resembles cow and is comparatively large. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action (s): Tonic. 10.7.8: Gavaya (Indian Antelope) Description: It resembles cow and is comparatively large. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action (s): Tonic. 10.7.9: Rājīva Description: It contains many stripes all over body. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action (s): Tonic. 10.7.10: Muṇḍī Description: This deer is without horns. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action (s): Tonic. 10.8: Bileśaya बिलेशयों की गणना वा गुण गोधाशशभुजंगाखुशल्लक्याद्या बिलेशयाः । बिलेषया वातहरा मधुरा रसपाकयोः । बृंहणा बद्धविणमूत्रा वीर्योष्णाश्य प्रकीर्त्तितताः ।। १५ ।। This group includes Godha, śaśa, Sarpa, Mūsaka and Sāhī. 10.8.1: Godhā (Iguana) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Action (s): Tonic. Note: It obstructs urine and stool. 10.7.3: śaśa (Hare) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Action (s): Tonic. Note: It obstructs urine and stool. 10.8.3: Sarpa (Sanke) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Action (s): Tonic. Note: It obstructs urine and stool. 10.8.4: Mūsaka (Rat) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Action (s): Tonic. Note: It obstructs urine and stool. 10.8.5: Sāhī Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Action (s): Tonic. Note: It obstructs urine and stool. 10.9: Guhāśaya गुहाशय-प्राणि-गणना वा मांस गुण सिंहव्याघ्रवृका ऋक्षतरक्षुद्वीपिनस्तथा । बभ्रुज्बूकमार्जरा इत्याद्याः सयुर्गुहाशयाः स्थूलपुच्छो रक्तनेत्रो बभ्रुभेदः स नाकुलः ।। १६ ।। गुहाशया वातहरा गरूष्णा मधुराश्च ते । स्निग्धा बल्या हिता नित्यं नेत्रगुह्यविकारिणाम् ।। १७ ।। This group Si*ha, Vyāghra, Vṛkā, Bhallūka, Tarakṣu, Citraka, Vabhru, Jāmbūka and Mārjara. 10.9.1: Si*ha (Lion) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action (s): Tonic. Therapeutics: Eye diseases and hemorrhoids. 10.9.2: Vyāgrha (Tiger) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action (s): Tonic. Therapeutics: Eye diseases and aemorrhoids. 10.9.3: Vṛkā (Hyena) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action (s): Tonic. Therapeutics: Eye diseases and hemorrhoids. 10.9.4: Bhallūka (Bear) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action (s): Tonic. Therapeutics: Eye diseases and hemorrhoids. 10.9.5: Tarakṣu Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action (s): Tonic. Therapeutics: Eye diseases and haemorrhoids. 10.9.6: Citraka (Leapard) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action (s): Tonic. Therapeutics: Eye diseases and haemorrhoids. 10.9.7: Vabru Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action (s): Tonic. Therapeutics: Eye diseases and hemorrhoids. 10.9.8: Jambūka (Jackal) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action (s): Tonic. Therapeutics: Eye diseases and hemorrhoids. 10.9.9: Mārjara (Cat) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action (s): Tonic. Therapeutics: Eye diseases and hemorrhoids. 10.10: Parṇamṛga पर्णमृग की गणना वा गुण वनौका वृक्षमार्जारो वृक्षमर्कटिका दयः एते पर्णमृगाः प्रोक्ताः सुश्रुताद्यैर्महर्षिभिः ।। १८ ।। स्मृताः पर्णमृगावृष्याश्चक्षुष्याः शोषिणे हिताः । श्वासार्शः कासशमनाः सृष्टमूत्रपुरीषकाः ।। १९ ।। This group includes Vānara, Vṛkṣaviḍāla and Vṛkṣamarkaṭikā. 10.10.1: Vānara (Monkey) Action (s): Spermopiotic, laxative and diuretic. Therapeutics: Eye diseases, phthisis, asthma, hemorrhoids and cough. 10.10.2: Vṛkṣaviḍāla Action (s): Spermopiotic, laxative and diuretic. Therapeutics: Eye diseases, phthisis, asthma, hemorrhoids and cough. 10.10.3: Vṛkṣamarkaṭikā Action (s): Spermopiotic, laxative and diuretic. Therapeutics: Eye diseases, phthisis, asthma, hemorrhoids and cough. 10.11: Viṣkira विष्किरों की गमना वागुण वर्त्तका लाववर्त्तीरकपिञ्जलकतित्तिराः । कुलिङ्गकुक्कुटाद्याश्च विष्किराः समुदाहृताः ।। २० ।। विकीर्य भक्षयन्त्यते यस्मात्तस्माद्धि विष्किराः । कापिञ्जल ति प्राज्ञः कथितोगौरतित्तिरिः ।। २१ ।। विष्किरा मधुराः कषायाः कटुपाकिनः । बल्या वृष्यास्त्रिदोषघ्नाः पथ्यास्ते लघवःस्मृताः ।। २२ ।। This group includes Vartakā, Lāva, Vartīra, Kapiñjalaka, Tittira, Kuliñga and Kukuṭaka. 10.11.1: Vartakā (Bustard) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Tonic. 10.11.2: Vartīra (A type of Partridge) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Tonic. 10.11.3: Kapiñjalaka (A type Partridge) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Tonic. 10.11.4: Tittira (Partridge) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Tonic. 10.11.5: Kuliña Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Tonic. 10.11.5: Kukuṭaka (Cock) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Tonic. 10.12: Pratuda प्रदुत जीवों की गणना वा गुण "कालकण्ठकहारतकपोतशतपत्रकाः" इति पाठान्तरम् ।। हरीतो धवलः पाण्डुश्चित्रपक्षो बृहच्छुकः । पारावतः खञ्जरीटः पिकाद्याः प्रतुदाः स्मृताः । प्रतुद्य भक्षन्त्येते तुण्डेन प्रतुदास्ततः ।। २३ ।। (कपोतो धवलः पाण्डुः शतपत्रो बृहच्छुकः ।।) प्रदुता मधुराः पित्तकफघ्नास्तुवरा हिमाः । लघवो बद्धवर्चस्काः किञ्चिद्वातकराः स्मृताः ।। २४ ।। This group includes Kālakaṇṭhaka, Hārīta, Kapota, śatapatrakā, Pārāvata, Khañjarīta and Pika. 10.12.1: Kālakaṇṭhaka Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Note: It tends to thicken the stool. 10.12.2: Hārita Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Note: It tends to thicken the stool. 10.12.3: Kapota Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Note: It tends to thicken the stool. 10.12.4: śatapatrakā Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Note: It tends to thicken the stool. 10.12.5: Pārāvata Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Note: It tends to thicken the stool. 10.12.6: Khañjarīṭa Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Note: It tends to thicken the stool. 10.12.7: Pika Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Note: It tends to thicken the stool. 10.13: Prasaha प्रसह का वर्ग वा गुण काको गृध्र उलूकश्च चिल्लश्च शशघातकः । चाषो भासश्च कुरर इत्याद्याः प्रसहाः स्मृताः ।। २५ ।। प्रसहाः कीर्त्तिता एते प्रसह्याच्छिद्य भक्षणात् ।। २६ ।। प्रसहाः खलु वीर्योष्णास्तन्मांसं भक्षयन्ति ये । तेशोषभस्मकोन्मादशुक्रक्षीणा भवन्ति हि ।। २७ ।। This group includes Kāka, Gṛdhra, Cilla, śaśaghātaka, Cāṣa, Bhāsa and Kurara. 10.13.1: Kāka (Crow) Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Note: It leads to consumption, polyphagia, mania and azoospermia. 10.13.2: Ulūka (Owl) Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Note: It leads to consumption, polyphagia, mania and azoospermia. 10.13.3: Cilla (Vulture) Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Note: It leads to consumption, polyphagia, mania and azoospermia. 10.13.4: śaśaghātaka (Fowl) Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Note: It leads to consumption, polyphagia, mania and azoospermia. 10.13.5: Cāṣa Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Note: It leads to consumption, polyphagia, mania and azoospermia. 10.13.6: Bhāsa Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Note: It leads to consumption, polyphagia, mania and azoospermia. 10.13.7. Kurara Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Note: It leads to consumption, polyphagia, mania and azoospermia. 10.14: Grāmya ग्राम्य जीवों की गणना वा गुण छागमेषवृषाश्वाद्या ग्राम्याः प्रोक्ता महर्षिभिः । ग्राम्य वातहराः सर्वे दीपनाः कफपित्तलाः । मधुरा रसपाकाभ्यां बृंहणा बलवर्द्धनाः ।। २८ ।। This group includes Chāga, Meṣa, Vṛṣa and Aśva. 10.14.1: Chāga (Goat) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action: Appetizer and tonic. 10.14.2: Meṣa (Sheep) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action: Appetizer and tonic. 10.14.3: Vṛṣa (Ox) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action: Appetizer and tonic. 10.14.4: Aśva (Horse) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action: Appetizer and tonic. 10.15: ānūpa अथ आनूपाः । कूलेचरों की गणना वा गुण लुलायगण्डवाराहचमरीवारणादयः । एते कूलेचराः प्रोक्ता यतः कूले चरन्त्यपाम् ।। २९ ।। कूलेचरा मरुत्पित्तहरा वृष्या बलावहाः । मधुराः शीतलाः स्निग्धा मूत्रलाः श्लेष्मवर्धनाः ।। ३० ।। This group includes Lulāya, Gaṇḍa, Vārāha, Camarī and Vāraṇā. 10.15.1: Chaga (Goat) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action: Spermopiotic, diuretic and tonic. 10.15.2: Gaṇḍa Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action: Spermopiotic, diuretic and tonic. 10.15.3: Vārāha Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action: Spermopiotic, diuretic and tonic. 10.15.4: Camari Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action: Spermopiotic, diuretic and tonic. 10.15.5: Varaṇa Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action: Spermopiotic, diuretic and tonic. 10.16: Plava प्लव जीव वा उनके मांस के गुण हंससारसकारण्डबकक्रौञ्चशरारिकाः ।। ३१ ।। नन्दीमुखी सकादम्बा बलाकाद्याः प्लावाः स्मृताः । प्लवन्ति सलिले यस्मादेते तस्मात्प्लवाः स्मृताः ।। ३२ ।। (स्थूला कठोरा वृत्ता च यस्याश्चञ्चूपरि स्थिता । गुटिका जम्बुसदृशी प्रोक्ता नन्दीमुखीति सा ।) प्लवाः पित्तहराः स्निग्धा मधुरा गुरवो हिमाः । वातश्लेष्मप्रदाश्चापि बलशुक्रकराः स ।। ३३ ।। This group includes Ha*s, Sārasa, Kāraṇḍa, baka, Karuñca, śarārikā, Nandīmukhī, Kādambā and Bangulī. 10.16.1: Ha*sa Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha and Vāta but pacifies Pitta. Action: Spermopiotic, laxative and tonic. 10.16.2: Sārasa Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha and Vāta but pacifies Pitta. Action: Spermopiotic, laxative and tonic. 10.16.3: Kāraṇḍa Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha and Vāta but pacifies Pitta. Action: Spermopiotic, laxative and tonic. 10.16.4: Baka Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha and Vāta but pacifies Pitta. Action: Spermopiotic, laxative and tonic. 10.16.5: Krauñca Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha and Vāta but pacifies Pitta. Action: Spermopiotic, laxative and tonic. 10.16.6: śarārikā Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha and Vāta but pacifies Pitta. Action: Spermopiotic, laxative and tonic. 10.16.7: Nandīmukhī Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha and Vāta but pacifies Pitta. Action: Spermopiotic, laxative and tonic. 10.16.8: Kādambā Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha and Vāta but pacifies Pitta. Action: Spermopiotic, laxative and tonic. 10.16.9: Bagulī (Crain) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha and Vāta but pacifies Pitta. Action: Spermopiotic, laxative and tonic. 10.17: Kośastha कोशस्थ प्राणी वा उनके मांस गुण शंख शंखनखश्चापि शुक्तिशम्बूककर्कटाः । जीवा एवंविधाश्चान्ये कोशस्थाः परिकीत्तिताः ।। ३४ ।। कोशस्था मधुराः स्निग्धा वातपित्तहरा हिमाः । बृंहणा बहुर्चस्का वृष्याश्च बलवर्द्धनाः ।। ३५ ।। This group includes śa*kha, śa*khanakha, Shavapi, śukti, śambūka an Karkaṭa. 10.17.1: śa*kha Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action: Spermopiotic, laxative, nutritive and tonic. 10.17.2: śa*khanakha Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action: Spermopiotic, laxative, nutritive and tonic. 10.17.3: Shavapi Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action: Spermopiotic, diuretic and tonic. 10.17.4: śukti Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action: Spermopiotic, laxative, nutritive and tonic. 10.17.5: śambūka Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action: Spermopiotic, diuretic and tonic. 10.17.6: Karkaṭa (Crab) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action: Spermopiotic, diuretic and tonic. 10.18: Pādina पादि प्राणियों की गणना वा मांस गुण कुम्भीरकूर्मनक्राश्च गोधामकरशङ्कवः घण्टिकः शिशुमारश्चेत्यादयः पादिनः स्मृताः ।। ३६ ।। पादिनोsपि च ये ते यु कोशस्थानां गुणैः समाः ।। ३७ ।। This group includes Kumbhīra, Kūrma, Nakra, Godhā, Makara, śaṅku, Ghaṇṭika and śiśumāra. 10.18.1: Kumbhīra Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action: Spermopiotic, laxative, nutritive and tonic. 10.18.2: Kūrma Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action: Spermopiotic, laxative, nutritive and tonic. 10.18.3: Nakra Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action: Spermopiotic, laxative, nutritive and tonic. 10.18.4: Godhā Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action: Spermopiotic, laxative, nutritive and tonic. 10.18.5: Makara Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action: Spermopiotic, laxative, nutritive and tonic. 10.18.6: śaṅku Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action: Spermopiotic, laxative, nutritive and tonic. 10.18.7: Ghaṇṭika Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action: Spermopiotic, laxative, nutritive and tonic. 10.18.8: śiśumāra Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta. Action: Spermopiotic, laxative, nutritive and tonic. मत्स्यो मीनो विसारश्च झषो वैसारिणोsण्डजः । शकुली पृथुरोमा च स सुदर्शन इत्यपि ।। ३८ ।। रोहिताद्यास्तु ये जीवास्ते मत्स्याः परिकीर्त्तिताः मत्स्याः स्निग्धोष्णमधुरा गुरवः कफपित्तलाः ।। ३९ ।। बातघ्ना बृंहणा वृष्या रोचका बलवर्द्धनाः । मद्यव्यवायसक्तानां दीप्ताग्नीनाञ्च पूजिताः ।। ४० ।। 10.19.1: Synonyms of Matsya (Fish) Mīna, Visāra, Jhaṣa, Vaisāriṇa, Aṇḍaja, śakulī, Pṛthuroma and Sudarśana 10.19.2: Properties of Matsya Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta but aggravates Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Appetizer, nutritive, aphrodisiac and tonic. Note: It is particularly useful for alcoholics and persons habitual to intercourse. 10.20.1: Hariṇa जंघाल प्राणियों के मांस की विशेष गुण हरिण हरिणः शीतलो बद्धविण्मूत्रो दीपनो लघुः । रसे पाके च मधुर सुगन्धिः सन्निपतहा ।। ४१ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Sannipata. Actions: Appetizer, constipative and anti diuretic. 10.20.2: Black Hariṇa एणमृग (काला हरिण) एणः कषायो मधुरः पित्तासृक्कफवातहृत् । संग्राही रोचनो बल्यो ज्वरप्रशमनः स्मृतः ।। ४२ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Astringent. Therapeutics: Fever. 10.20.3: Kuraṅga (Variety of Hariṇa) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but slightly aggravates Kapha. Actions: Tonic and nutritive. 10.20.4: ṛṣya रोझमृग ऋष्यो नीलाण्डकश्चापि गवयो रोझ इत्यपि । गवयो मधुरो बल्यः स्निग्धोष्णः कफपित्तलः ।। ४४ ।। Synonyms: Gavaya, Nīlāṇḍaka and Rojha. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Tonic. 10.20.5: Pṛṣata पृषतमृग पृषतस्तु भवेत्स्वादुर्ग्राहकः शीतलो लघुः । दीपनो रोचनः ळ्वासज्वरदोशत्रयास्रजित् ।। ४५ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Astringent and appetizer. Therapeutics: Asthma, fever and blood diseases. 10.20.6: Nyaṅku न्यंकु मृग (बारहसिंगा) न्यङकुः स्वादुर्लघर्बल्यो वृष्यो दोषत्रयापहः ।। ४६ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Tonic and spemopiotic. 10.20.7: Sābara साबरमृग साबरं पललं स्निग्ध शीतलं गुरु च स्मृतम् । रसे पाके च मधुरं कफदं रक्तपित्तहृत् ।। ४७ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Singdha. Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Therapeutics: Epistaxis. 10.20.8: Rājīva राजीवमृग राजीवस्तु गुणैर्ज्ञेयः पृषतेन समो जनैः ।। ४८ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Astringent and appetizer. Therapeutics: Asthma, fever and blood diseases. 10.20.9: Muṇdī मुंडीमृग मुण्डी तु ज्वरकासास्रक्षयश्वासापहो हिमः ।। ४९ ।। Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Therapeutics: Fever, blood diseases, phthisis and asthma. 10.21: śaśa अथ बिलेशयाः शश (खरगोश) के नाम व गुण लम्बकर्णः शशः शूली लोमकर्णो बिलेशयः । शशः शीतो लघुर्ग्राही रूक्षः स्वादुः सदा हितः ।। वह्निकृत्कफपित्तघ्नो वातसाधारणः स्मृतः । ज्वरातीसारशोषाकश्वासामयहरश्च सः ।। ५० ।। Synonyms: Bileśaya, Lambakarṇa, Lomakarṇa and śūlī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Actions: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Fever, diarrhoea, consumption, blood diseases and asthma. 10.22: Se*dhā सेंधा (सेह) के नाम वा गुण सेधा तु शल्यकः श्वावित्कथ्यन्ते तद्गुणा अथ । शल्यकः श्वासकासाकशोषत्रयापहः ।। ५१ ।। Synonyms: śalyaka and śvāvita. Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Asthma, coughs, sonsumption and blood diseases. 10.23.1: Pakṣiṇa (Birds) पक्षियों के नाम वा गुण पक्षी खगो विहङ्गश्च विहगश्च विहङ्गमः । शकुनिर्विः पतत्री च विष्किरो विकिरोsण्डजः ।। धान्याङकुरचरा ये त्र तेषां मांसं लघुत्तमम् । आनूपं बलकृन्मांसं स्निग्धं गुरुतरं स्मृतम् ।। ५२ ।। Synonyms: Aṇdaja, Khaga, Patatrī, śakuni, Vee, Vihaga, Vihaṅga, Viṣkira, Vinghama and Viṣikara. 10.23.2: Pakṣiṇa eating seeds of crops विष्किर पक्षियों में उपादेय के नाम वा गुण आदि वर्त्तकः (बटेर) वर्त्तीको वर्त्तकश्चित्रस्ततो न्या वर्त्तका स्मृता । वर्त्तकोsग्निकरः शीतो ज्वरदोषत्रयापहः । सुरुच्यः शुक्रदो बल्यो वर्त्तका ल्पगुणा ततः ।। ५३ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). 10.23.3: Pakṣiṇa living in vicinity to water Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Actions: Tonic. 10.24: Lavā लवा लावा विष्किरवर्गेषु ते चतुर्धा मता बुधैः ।। ५४ ।। पांशुलोगौरको नयस्तु पौण्ड्रको दर्भरस्तथा । लावा वह्निकराः स्निग्धा गरध्ना ग्राहका हिताः ।। ५५ ।। पांशुलः श्लेष्मलस्तेषु वीर्योष्णोsनिलनाशनः गौरो लघुतरो रूक्षो वह्निकारी त्रिदोषजित् ।। ५६ ।। पौण्ड्रकः पित्तकृत्किञ्चिल्लघुर्वातकफापहः । दर्भरो रक्तपित्तघ्नो हृदामयहरो हिमः ।। ५७ ।। Synonyms: Citra, Vatrika and Vartana. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Appetizer, spermopiotic and tonic. Therapeutics: Fever. Varieties of Lavā 10.24.1: Pā*śula Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha but pacifies Vāta. 10.24.2: Gauraka Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Appetizer. 10.24.3: Pauṇdraka Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggractes Pitta. 10.24.4: Dabhra Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Epistaxis and heart ailments. 10.25: Vatraka वर्त्तीक वर्त्तीको वर्त्तिचटको वार्त्तीकश्चैव स स्मृतः । वर्त्तीको मधुरः शीतो रूक्षश्च कफपित्तनुत् ।। ५८ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Appetizer, speropiotic and tonic. Therapeutics: Fever. Note: Vatraka is inferior as compared to Teshu. 10.26: Vattrīka Synonyms: Varti caṭaka. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifiers Pitta and Kapha. 10.27: Tīttara तित्तिरि तित्तिरिः कृष्णवर्णः स्यात्स तु गौरः कपिञ्जलः । तित्तिरिर्बलदो ग्राही हिक्कादोषत्रयापहः । श्वासकासज्वरहरस्तस्माद् गौरोsधिको गुणैः ।।५९ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Actions: Astringent. Therapeutics: Poisoning. 10.27.1: Tīttara Synonyms: Vatri caṭaka. Therapeutics: Hiccough, asthma, coughs and fever. 10.27.2: Kṛṣṇatītara Synonyms: Vatri caṭaka. Therapeutics: Hiccough, asthma, coughs and fever. 10.27.3: Gauratītara Synonyms: Vatri caṭaka. Therapeutics: Hiccough, asthma, coughs and fever. 10.28: Caṭaka चटक चटकः कलविङ्कः स्यात्कुलिङ्गः कालकण्ठकः ।। ६० ।। कुलिङ्गः शीतलः स्निग्धः स्वादुः शुक्रकफप्रदः ।सन्निपातहरो वेश्मचटकश्चातिशुक्रलः ।। ६१ ।। Synonyms: Kālakaṇṭha, Kalaviṅka and Kuliṅa. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Sannipata but aggravates Kapha. Actions: Spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Fever. Note: Caṭaka found in house has potent spermopiotic property. 10.29.1: Kukkuṭa कुक्कुट कुक्कुटः कृकवाकुः स्यात्कालज्ञश्चरणायुधः । ताम्रचूडस्तथा दंक्षो यामनादी शिखण्डकः ।। ६२ ।। कुक्कुटो बृंहणः स्निग्धो वीर्योष्णोsनिलहृद् गुरुः । चक्षुक्ष्यः शुक्रकफकृद् बल्यो वृष्यः कषायकः ।। ६३ ।। आरण्यकुक्कुटः स्निग्धो बृंहणः श्लेष्मलो गुरुः । वातपित्तक्षयवमिविषमज्वरनाशनः ।। ६४ ।। Synonyms: Carṇāyudha, Kālajña, Kṛkavāku, śikhaṇdika, Tāmracūḍa and Yāmanadī. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta but aggravates Kapha. Actions: Spermopiotic, tonic and aphrodisiac. 10.29.2: Vanakukkuṭa Synonyms: āraṇyakukkuṭa. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Actions: Nutritive. Therapeutics: Vomiting, phthisis and malaria. 10.30: Hārīta अथ प्रतुदाः हारीत हारीतो रक्तपीतः स्याद्धरितोsपि स कथ्यते ।। हारीतो रूक्ष उष्णश्च रक्तपित्तकफापहः स्वेदस्वरकरः प्रोक्त ईषद्वातकरश्च सः ।। ६५ ।। Synonyms: Raktapīta. Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Actions: Diaphoretic. Therapeutics: Diseases of the throat. 10.31. Pāṇdu पाण्डु (घुग्घी) पाण्डुस्तु द्विविधो ज्ञेयश्चित्रपक्षः कलध्वनिः ।। ६६ ।। द्वितीयो धवलः प्रोक्तः स कपोतः स्फुटध्वनिः । चित्रपक्षः कफहरो वातघ्नो ग्रहणीप्रणुत् ।। ६७ ।। धवलः पाण्डुरुद्दिष्टो रक्तपित्तहरो हिमः । रसे पाके च मधुरः संग्राही वातशान्तिकृत् ।। ६८ ।। Description: The feathers are multicolored and it produces agreeable voice. Synonyms: Citrapakṣa, Kaladhvani and Pāṇḍu. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Vāta. Therapeutics: Malabsorption. 10.31.2: Dhavalapāṇḍu Description: It produces typical voice. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Actions: Astringent. Therapeutics: Epistaxis. 10.32: Mayūra (Peacock) मयूर मयूरश्चन्द्रकी केकी मेघरावो भुजङ्गभुक् । शिखी शिखावलो बर्ही शिखण्डी नीलकण्ठकः ।। ६९ ।। शुक्लापाङ्ग कलापी च मेघनादानुलास्यपि । रसे पाके च मुधुरः संग्राही वातशान्तिकृत् ।। ७० ।। Synonyms: Barhī, Bhujaṅgabhuk, Candrakī, Kalāpī, Kekī, Megharāja, Meghanādānulāsi, Nīlakaṇṭha, śikhaṇḍī, śikhāvala, śikhī and śukalāpāṅga. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Actions: Astringent. 10.33: Pārāvata पारावत पारावतः कलरवः कपोतो रक्तवर्द्धनः । पारावतो गुरुः रक्तपित्तानिलापहः । संग्राही शीतलस्तज्ज्ञैः कथितो वीर्यवर्द्धनः ।। ७१ ।। Synonyms: kalarava, Kapota and Raktalocana. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Actions: Astringent and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Epistaxis. 10.34: Pakṣāṇḍāni (Eggs of birds) पक्षियों के अण्डे के गुण नातिस्निग्धानि वृष्याणि स्वादुपाकरसानि च । वातघ्नान्यतिशुक्राणि गुरूण्यण्डानि पक्षिणाम् ।। ७२ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Actions: Spermopiotic. 10.35.1: Chāga (Goat) ग्राम्य छाग (बकरा) छागलो बर्करश्छागो बस्तोsजश्छेलकः स्तुभः ।। ७३ ।। अजा छागी स्तुभा चचापि छेलिका च गलस्तनी । छगमांसं लघु स्निग्धं स्वादुपाकं त्रिदोषनुत् ।। ७४ ।। नातिशीतमदाहि स्यात्स्वादु पीनसनाशनम । परं बलकरं रुच्यं बृंहणं वीर्यवर्द्धनम् ।। ७५ ।। अजायास्त्वप्रसूताया मांसं पीनसनाशनम् । शुष्ककासेsरुचौ शोषे हिमग्नेश्च दीपनम् ।। ७६ ।। अजासुतस्य बालस्य मांसं लघुतरं स्मृतम् । हृद्यं ज्वरहरं श्रेष्ठं सुखदं बलदं भृशम् ।। ७७ ।। मांसं निष्कासिताण्डस्य छागस्य कफकृद् गुरु । स्रोतः शुद्धिकरं बल्यं मांसदं वातपित्तनुत् ।। ७८ ।। वृद्धस्य वातलं रूक्षं तथा व्याधिमृतस्य च । ऊर्द्ध्वजत्रुविकारघ्नं छागमुण्डं रुचिप्रदम् ।। ७९ ।। Synonyms: Chāgala, Barkara, Chāga, Aja, Chelaka and Stubha. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Spermopiotic, tonic, nutritive and appetizer. Therapeutics: Rhinitis. 10.35.2: Galstani (Goat) Synonyms: Chelaka. Description: It has nodular swelling in the throat. 10.36: Aprasūta Chāga Actions: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Rhinitis, non-productive cough, anorexia and consumption. 10.37: New born Chāga Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Actions: Tonic, febrifuge and cardiac tonic. 10.38.1: Chāga with testicles removed Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Actions: Anabolic and tonic. Note: It purifies the channels of circulation. 10.38.2: Old Chāga Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta. 10.38.2: Chāga died of disease Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta. 10.38.3: Head of Chāga Actions: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Disease of the shoulder girdle. मेष मेढ्रो मेढो हुडो मेष उरणोsप्येजकोsपि च । अविर्वृष्णिस्तथोर्णायः कथ्यन्ते तद्गुणा अथ ।। ८० ।। मषस्य मांंसं पुष्टौ स्यात्पित्तश्लेष्मकरं गुरु । तस्यैवाण्डविहीनस्य मांसं किञ्चिल्लघु स्मृतम् ।। ८१ ।। 10.39: Meṣa Synonyms: Eḍaka, Huḍa, Merda, Uraṇa, ūrāyu and Vṛṣṇa. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Kapha. Tonic: Nutritive. 10.39.1: Mesha with testicles removed Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Kapha. Tonic: Nutritive. 10.40.1: Eḍaka एडक (दुम्बा) एडकः पृथु शृङ्गः स्यान्मेदःपुच्छस्तु दुम्बकः । एडकस्य पलं ज्ञेयं मेषामिषसमं गुणैः ।। ८२ ।। मेदः पुच्छोद्भवं मांसं हृद्यं वृष्यं श्रमापहम् । पित्तश्लेष्मकरं किञ्चिद्वातव्याधिविनाशनम् ।। ८३ ।। Synonyms: Pṛthuśṛṅga. Description: Horn is very thick. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Kapha. Tonic: Nutritive. 10.40.2: Medaḥpuccha Synonyms: Dumbaka Description: The tail contains adipose tissue. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta but aggravates Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Cardiac tonic and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Fatigue. 10.41.1: Vṛṣabha (Ox) वृषभ बलीवर्दस्तु वृषभ ऋषभश्च तथा वृषः । अनड्वान्सौरभेयोsपि गौरुक्षा भद्र इत्यपि ।। ८४ ।। सुरभिः सौरभेयी च माहेयी गौरुदाहृता । गोमांसं सुगुरु स्निग्धं पित्तश्लेष्मविवर्द्धनम् । बृंहणं वातहृद् वल्यमपथ्यं पीनसप्रणुत् ।। ८५ ।। Synonyms: Anaḍvāna, Balīvarda, Bhadra, Go, ṛṣabha, Saurabheya, Ukṣā and Vṛṣa. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Kapha but pacifies Vāta. Actions: Tonic. Therapeutics: Rhinitis. 10.41.2: Go (Cow) Synonyms: Māheyī, Saurabheyī and Surabhi. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Kapha but pacifies Vāta. Actions: Tonic. Therapeutics: Rhinitis. 10.42: Aśva (Horse) अश्व घोटकेsप्यश्वतुरगास्तुरङ्गाश्च तुरंगमाः । वाजिवाहार्वगन्धर्वहयसैन्धवसप्तयः ।। ८६ ।। अश्वमांसुतु तुवरं वह्निकृत्कफपित्तलम् । वातहृद् बृंहणं बल्यं चक्षुष्यं मधुरं लघु ।। ८७ ।। Synonyms: Arva, Gandharva, Ghoṭaka, Haya, Saindhava, Sapti, Turaga, Turaṅga and Turaṅgama. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Actions: Appetizer, tonic and nutritive. Therapeutics: Eye diseases. 10.43: Kulecara (Buffalo) अथ कूलेचरवर्गः महिष (भैंसा) महिषो घोटकारिः स्यात्कासरश्च रजस्वलः ।। ८८ ।। पीनस्कन्धः कृष्णकायो लुलायो यमवाहनः । महिषस्यामीषं स्वादु स्निग्धोष्णं वातनाशनम् ।। ८९ ।। निद्राशुक्रप्रदं बल्यं तनुदार्ढ्यकरं गुरु । वृष्यञ्च सृष्टिविणमूत्रं वातपित्तास्रनाशनम् ।। ९० ।। Synonyms: Ghoṭakāri, Kāsara, Kṛṣṇakāya, Lulāya, Māhiṣa, Pīnaskandha, Rajasvala and Yamavāhana. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Actions: Spermopiotic, hypnotic, laxative, diuretic and tonic. Therapeutics: Epistaxis. 10.43: Maṇḍūka (Frog) मण्डूक मण्डूकः प्लवगो भेको वर्षाभूर्दर्दुरो हरिः । मण्डूकः श्लेष्मलो नातिपित्तलो बलकारकः ।। ९१ ।। Synonyms: Bheka, Dardura, Hari, Palavaga and Varṣābhū. Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha and Pitta slightly. Actions: Tonic. 10.44: Kacchapa (Tortoise) अथ पादिनः कच्छप कच्छपो गूढपात्कूर्सः कमठो दृढपृष्ठकः । कच्छपो बलदो वातपित्तनुत्पुंस्तवकारकः ।। ९२ ।। Synonyms: Dṛḍhapṛṣṭhaka, Gūḍhapāda, Kamaṭha and Kūrma. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Actions: Tonic. Therapeutics: Loss of vitality. 10.45: Recently killed animal तत्काल मरे हुए जीवों का मांस सद्योहतस्य मांसं स्याद्व्याधिधाति यथाsमृतम् । वयस्यं बृंहणं सात्म्यमन्यथा तद् विवर्जयेत् ।। ९३ ।। 1. It alleviates all diseases 2. It has anti ageing property. 3. It is nutritive. Note: Flesh of animal that not died recently, should not be consumed. 10.46: Animal dead of natural death स्वयं मृत मांस के गुण स्वयं मृतस्य वाबल्यमतीसारकरं गुरु ।। ९४ ।। 1. It is devoid of tonic property. 2. It induces diarrhoea. 3. It is Guru (Heavy). 10.46.1: Flesh of old aged animals वृद्ध वा बाल के मांस वृद्धानां दोषलं मांसं बालानां बलदं लघु ।। ९५ ।। सर्वदष्टस्य मांसञ्च शुष्कमांसं त्रिदोषकृत् । त्रिदोषकृद् व्यालदष्टं शुष्कं शूलकरं परम् ।। ९६ ।। It aggravates Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. 10.46.2: Flesh of young animals Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Actions: Tonic. 10.47.1: Flesh of animals dead of snake-bite विषादि से मृत जीवों का मांस विषाम्बुरुङमृतस्यैतन्मृत्युदोषरुजाकरम् । क्लिन्नमुत्क्लेशजनकं कृशं वातप्रकोपणम् । तोयपूर्णं शिराजालं मृतमप्सु त्रिदोषकृत् ।। ९७ ।। It aggravates Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. 10.47.2: Flesh of animals dead of wild animal atack It aggravates Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. 10.47.3: Stale flesh It aggravates Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. 10.48.1: Flesh of animals dead of poisoning, drowning and disease 1. It leads to death. 2. It gives rise to diseases. 10.48.2: Putrefied flesh It leads to nausea. 10.48.3: Flesh of weak animals It aggravates Vāta. 10.48.4: Flesh of animals lying dead in water It aggravates Vāta. 10.49: Some points about Mā*sa (Flesh) जाति भेद से मांसगुण विहङ्गेषु पुमाञ्छ्रेष्ठः स्त्री चतुष्पदजातिषु । परार्द्धं लघु पुंसा स्यात्स्त्रीणां पूर्वार्द्धमादिशेत् । देहमध्यं गुरुप्रायं सर्वेषां प्राणिनां स्मृतम् ।। ९८ ।। पक्षक्षेपाद्विहङ्गानां तदेव लघु कथ्यते । गुरूण्यण्डानि सर्वेषां गुर्वी ग्रीवा च पक्षिणाम् ।। ९९ ।। उरः स्कन्धोदरं कुक्षी पादौ पाणी कटी तथा । पृष्ठत्वग्यकृदन्त्राणि गुरूणीह यथोत्तरम् ।। १०० ।। लघु वातकरं मांसं खगानां धान्यचारिणाम् । तम्स्याशिनां पित्तकरं वातध्नं गुरु कीर्त्तितम् ।। १०१ ।। पलाशिनां श्लेष्करं लघु रूक्षमुदीरितम् । बृहंणं गुरु वातघ्नं तेषामेव पलाशिनाम् ।। १०२ ।। तुल्यजातिष्वल्पदेहा महादेहेषु पूजिताः । अल्पदेहेषु शस्यन्ते तथैव स्थूलदेहिनः ।। १०३ ।। 1. Among birds, flesh of males is best. 2. Among animals shaving four limbs, flesh of females is best. 3. Flesh obtained from lower part of the body of males is Laghu (Light). 4. Flesh obtained from upper part of the body of females is Guru (Heavy). 5. Flesh obtained form middle par of all animals is Guru (Heavy) but the same obtained from middle parts if bird is Laghu (Light). 6. Eggs and neck of all bird is Guru (Heavy). 7. Chest, shoulder, abdomen, feet, hands, lumber region, back, skin, liver and intestine are Guru (Heavy) in increasing order. 8. Flesh of birds consuming crops is Laghu (Light) and aggravates Vāta. 9. Flesh of birds consuming fish pacifies Vāta, aggravates Pitta and is Guru (Heavy). 10. Flesh of birds consuming fruits aggravates Kapha, is Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. 11. Flesh of birds consuming flesh is tonic, Guru (Heavy) and pacifed Vāta. Matsaya 10.50.1: Rohita (Cyprinus rohitaka) अथ मत्स्याः (मछलियों के मांस के गुण) रोहितम्त्स्य रक्तोदरो रक्तमुखो रक्ताक्षो रक्तपक्षतिः । कृष्णपुच्छो झषः श्रेष्ठो रोहितः कथितो बुधैः ।। १०४ ।। रोहितः सर्वमत्स्यानां वरो वृष्योsर्दितार्तिजित् । कषायानुरसः स्वादुर्वातघ्नो नातिपित्तकृत् । ऊर्ज्वजत्रुगतान् रोगान् हन्याद्रोहितमुण्डकम् ।। १०५ ।। Description: Abdomen, mouth, eye and scales are red in colour. The tail is black. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Actions: Spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Facial palsy. 10.50.2: Shoulder girdle of Rohita Therapeutics: Diseases of the pectoral region. 10.50.3: Shiliandhra शिलींध्र शिलीन्ध्रः श्लेष्मलो बल्यो विपाके मधुरो गुरुः वातपित्तहरो हृद्य आमवातकरश्च सः ।। १०६ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Actions: Cardiac tonic. Note: It precipitates rheumatism. 10.50.4: Bhākura भाकुर भाकुरो मधुरः शीतोवृष्यः श्लेष्मकरो गुरुः विष्टम्भजनकश्चापि सक्तपित्तहरः स्मृतः ।। १०७ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Actions: Spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Epistaxis. Note: It disturbs digestion. 10.50.5: Mocikā मोचिका (मोई) मोचिका वातहृद् बल्या बृंहणी मधुरा गुरुः । पित्तहृत्कफकृद्रुच्या वृष्या दीप्ताग्नये हिता ।। १०८ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Actions: Spermopiotic, appetizer and tonic. Therapeutics: Low digestive fire. 10.50.5: Pāṭhīna (Silurus pelorius) पाठीन पाठीनः श्लेष्मलो बल्यो निद्रालुः पिशिताशनः । दूषयेद्रुधिरं पित्तं कुष्ठरोगं करोति च ।। १०९ ।। Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha and Pitta. Actions: Hypnotic and tonic. Note: It vitiates blood and produces skin diseases. 10. 50.6: śṛṅgī शृंगी (सींगी) शृंगी तु वातशमनी स्निग्धा श्लेष्मप्रकोपणी रसे तिक्ता कषाया च लघ्वी रुच्या स्मृता बुधैः ।। ११० ।। Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha but pacifies Vāta. Actions: Appetizer. 10.50.7: Ellīsa (ELSā) इल्लीस (इल्सा) इल्लीसो मधुरः रोचनो वह्निवर्द्धनः । पित्तहृत्कफकृत्किञ्चिल्लघुर्वृष्योsनिलापहः ।। १११ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha but pacifies Pitta. Actions: Appetizer and Spermopiotic. 10.50.8: śaṣkuī शष्कुली (सौरी) शष्कुली ग्राहिणी हृद्या मधुरा तुवरा स्मृता ।। ११२ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Actions: Cardiac tonic and astringennt). 10.50.9: Gargara गर्गरा गर्गरः पित्तलः किञ्चिद्वातजित्कफकोपनः ।। ११३ ।। Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Kpaha but pacifies Vāta. 10.50.10: Kavikā कवई कविका मधुरा स्निग्धा कफघ्नी रुचिकारिणी । किञ्चित्पित्तकरी वातनाशिनी वह्निवर्द्धिनी ।। ११४ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Vāta but aggravates Pitta. Actions: Appetizer. 10.50.11: Varmī वर्मी वर्मिमत्स्यो हरेद्वातं पित्तं रुचिकरो लघुः ।। ११५ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta andPitta. Actions: Appetizer. 10.50.12: Daṇḍa दण्ड दण्डमत्स्यो रसे तिक्तः पित्तरक्तं कफं हरेत् । वातसाधारणः प्रोक्तः शुक्रलो बलवर्द्धनः ।। ११६ ।। Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Vāta. Actions: Tonic and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Epistaxis. 10.50.13: Eraṅga एरङ्गी एरङ्गो मधुरः स्निग्धो विष्टम्भी शीतलो लघुः ।। ११७ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). 10.50.14: Mahāśafarī महाशफरी महाशफरसंज्ञस्तु तिक्तः पित्तकफापहः । शिशइरो मधुरो रुच्यो सातसाधारणः स्मृतः ।। ११८ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Tikta (Bitter). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta. Actions: Appetizer. 10.50.15: Garaghanī गरई गरघ्नी मधुरा तिक्ता तुवरा वातपित्तहृत् । कफघ्नी रुचिकृल्लघ्वी दीपनी बलवीर्यकृत् ।। ११९ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta. Actions: Appetizer, tonic and spermopiotic. 10.50.16: Mudgura मद्गुर मद्गुरो वातहृद् बल्यो वृष्यः कफकरो लघुः ।। १२० ।। Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta but aggravates Kapha. Actions: Tonic and spermopiotic. 10.50.17: Sapāda सपादमत्स्य मेधाकृन्मेदःक्षयकरश्च सः । वातपित्तकरश्चापि रुचिकृत्परमो मतः ।। १२१ ।। Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Vāta. Actions: Appetizer and nootropic. Therapeutics: Obesity. 10.50.18: Proṣṭhī शफरी प्रोष्ठी तिक्ता कटुः स्वादुः शुक्रदा कफवातजित् । स्निग्धाsस्यकण्ठरोगघ्नी रोचनी च लघुः स्मृता ।। १२२ ।। Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta but aggravates Kapha. Actions: Tonic and spermopiotic. 10.51.1: Flesh of small fish क्षुद्रमत्स्य क्षुद्रमत्स्याः स्वादुरसा दोषत्रयविनाशनाः । लघुपाकारुचिकरा बलदास्ते हिता मताः ।। १२३ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta, Kapha and Vāta. Actions: Tonic and appetizer. 10.51.2: Flesh of comparatively small fish अतिक्षुद्र मत्स्य अतिसूक्ष्माः पुंस्त्वहरा रुच्याः कासानिलापहाः ।। १२४ ।। Actions: Aphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Cough. 10.51.3: Eggs of fish मछली के अण्डे मत्स्यगर्भो भृशं वृष्यः स्निग्धः पुष्टिकरो लघुः । कफमेदःप्रदो बल्यो ग्लानिकृन्मेहनाशनः ।। १२५ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Actions: Spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Polyuria. Note: It increases adipose tissue. 10.51.4: Dried fish शुष्कमत्स्य शुष्कमत्स्यानवा बल्या दुर्जरा विड्विबन्धिनः ।। १२६ ।। Actions: Tonic (if fresh). Note: It lead to constipation. 10.51.5: Fried fish दग्धमांस दग्धमत्स्यो गुणैः श्रेष्ठः पुष्टिकृद् बलवर्द्धनः ।। १२७ ।। Actions: Tonic and nutritive. 10.51.6: Properties of fish living in well कूपजादि मत्स्य कौपमत्सः शुक्रमूत्रकुण्ठश्लेष्मविवर्द्धनाः । सरोजा मधुराः स्निग्धा बल्या वातविनाशनाः ।। १२८ ।। नादेयाबृंहणा मत्स्या गुरवोsनिलनाशनाः रक्तपित्तकरा वृष्याः स्निग्धोष्णाः स्वल्पवर्चसः ।। १२९ ।। चौञ्ज्याः पित्तकराः स्निग्धामधुरा लघवो हिमः । ताडागा गुरवो वृष्याः शीतला मलमूत्रदाः । ताडागवन्निर्झरजा बलायुर्मतिदृक्कराः ।। १३० ।। It aggravates semen, urine, skin diseases and Kapha. 10.51.7: Properties fo fish living in sarovra Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Actions: Tonic. 10.51.8: Properties of fish living in river Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Actions: Spermopiotic, Mild laxative and tonic. Note: It leads to epistaxis. 10.51.9: Properties of fish living in tank Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. 10.50.10. Properties of fish living in pond Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Actions: Spermopiotic, mild laxative and diuretic. 10.50.11: Properties of fish living in spring ऋतुविशेष में मत्स्य सेवन हेमन्ते कूपजा मत्स्याः शिशिरे सारसा हिताः । वसन्ते ते तु नादेया ग्रीष्मे चौञ्ज्यसमुद्भवाः ।। १३१ ।। तडागजाता वर्षासु तास्वपथ्या नदीभवाः । नैर्झराः शादि श्रेष्ठ विशेषोsयमुदाहृतः ।। १३२ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Actions: Spermopiotic, mild laxative and diuretic. Note: It is especially useful for strength, age, wisdom and eye-sight. CHAPTER 11 Kṛtānnavarga अथ कृतान्नवर्गः 11.1: Introduction परिभाषा समवायिनि हेतौ ये मुनिभर्गणिता गुणाः । कार्य्येsपि तेsखिला ज्ञेयाः परिभाषेति भाषिता ।। १ ।। क्वचित्संस्कारभेदेन गुणभेदो भवेद्यतः । भक्तं लघु पुराणस्य शालेस्तच्चिपिटो गुरुः ।। २ ।। क्वचिद्योगप्रभावेण गुणान्तरमपेक्षते । कदन्नं गुरु सर्पिश्च तद्युक्तं सुपचं भवेत् ।। ३ ।। The properties present in cereals and pulses are also shard by prepartions obtained from them. Due to sa*satāra (prpcess), some tines a change in the property can be encountered. In addition, sa*joga (Combination of two or more substances) also leads change in the property. For example stale food and ghee, both are Guru (Heavy) but when combined together both become easily digestible. 11.2.1: Bhakta (Boiled Rice) भक्त (भारत के नाम वा गुण) भक्तान्नंच तथाsन्धाश्च क्वचित्कूरं चकीर्तित्ततम् । ओदनोsस्त्री स्त्रियां भिस्सा दीदिविः पुंसि भाषितः ।। ४ ।। सुधीतांस्तण्डुलान् स्फीतांस्तोये पञ्चगुणे पचेत् । तदुक्तं प्रस्तुतं चोष्णं विशदंं गुणवन्मतम् ।। ५ ।। भक्तं वह्निकरं पथ्यं तर्पणं रोचनं लघु । अधौतमस्रृतं शीतं गुर्वरुच्यं कफप्रदम् ।। ६ ।। Synonyms: Andha, Anna, Bhissā, Dīdivi, Kūra and Odana. Preparation: First rice is properly washed with water. When they swell, then they are boiled in eight the times water. When complete, the husk is removed and used for consumption. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Action (s): Appetizer and nutritive. 11.2.2: Bhakta (Not properly washed or husk removed) Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Note: It lead to anorexia. 11.3: Dāla दाली (दाल) दलितन्तु शमीधान्यं दालिर्दाली स्त्रियामुभे । दाली तु सलिले सिद्धा लवणार्द्रकहिंगुभिः ।। ७ ।। संयुक्ता सूपानाम्नी स्यात्कथ्यन्ते तद्गुणा अथ । सूपो विष्टम्भको रूक्षः शीतस्तु स विशेषतः । निस्तुषो भृष्टसंसिद्धो लाघवं सुतरां व्रजेत् ।। ८ ।। Introduction: śamīdhānaya when processed leads to Dāla. Preparation: śamī is boiled in water and then Rock salt, Adraka (Zingiber officinale) and Hīṅgu (Ferula asfoetida) are added. This is known as Soup. Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Note: 1. It is diffcult to digest. 2. The pulse when fried first and then husk removed becomes Laghu (Light). 11.4: Kṛśarā कृशरा (खिचड़ी) तण्डुला दालिसंमिश्रा लवणार्द्रकहिंगुभिः । संयुक्ताः सलिले सिद्धाः कृशरा कथिता बुधैः ।। ९ ।। कृशा शुक्रला बलया गुरुः पित्तकफप्रदा । दुर्जरा बुद्धिविष्टम्भमलमूत्रकरी स्मृता ।। १० ।। Preparation: Equal quantity of rice and pulse are boiled din water and accordingly Rock salt, Adraka (Zingiber officinale) and Hīṅgu (Ferula asfoetida) are added. When complete, this prperation is known as Kṛśarā. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Action (s): Spermopiotic, tonic, nootropic, diuretic and laxative. Note: It takes time to digest. 11.5: Tāpaharī तापहरी घृते हरिद्रासंयुक्ते माषजां भर्रजयेद्वटीम् ।। ११ ।। तण्डुलांश्चापि निर्धौ तान्सहैव परिभर्जयेत् । सिद्धयोग्यं जलं तत्र प्रशिप्य कुशलः पचेत् ।। १२ ।। लवणार्द्रकहिंगूनि मात्रया तत्र निक्षिपेत् । एषा सिद्धिं समायाता प्रोक्ता तापहरी बुधैः ।। १३ ।। भवेत्तापहरी बल्यावृष्या श्लेष्माणमाचरेत् । बृंहणी तर्पणी रुच्या गुर्वी पित्तहरी स्मृता ।। १४ ।। Preparation: Urada is first grinded. Then it is fried in ghee containing Haridrā (Curcuma longa) along with properly washed rice. Rock salt, Adraka (Zingiberofficinale) and Hīṅgu (Ferula asfoetida) are added. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha bit pacifies Pitta. Action (s): Spermopiotic, tonic, nutritive and appetizer. 11.6: Kṣīṛikā परमान्नम् (खीर) पायसं परमान्नं स्यात्क्षीरिकाsपि तदुच्यते । शुद्धेsर्द्धपक्वे दुग्धे तु घृताक्तांस्तण्डुलान् पचेत् ।। १५ ।। ते सिद्धाः क्षीरिका ख्याता ससिताssज्ययुतोत्तमा । क्षीरिका दुर्जरा प्रोक्ता बृंहणी बलवर्द्धिनी । विष्टम्भिनी हरेत् पित्तं रक्तपित्ताग्निमारुतान् ।। १६ ।। Preparation: Rice fried in ghee is boiled in pure and half boiled milk. Sucrose and ghee are added and process completed. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action (s): Tonic and nutritive. Therapeutics: Epistaxis. Note: It takes time to digest and suppress digestive fire. 11.6: Nārikelakṣīṛī नारिकेलक्षीरी (नारियल की खीर) नारिकेलं तनूकृत्य छिन्नं पयसि गोः क्षिपेत् । सितागव्याज्यसंयुक्ते तत्पचेन्मृदुनाsग्निना ।। १७ ।। नारिकेलोद्भवा क्षीरी स्निग्धा शीताsतिपुष्टिदा । गुर्वी सुमधुरा वृष्या रक्त पित्तानिलापहा ।। १८ ।। Preparation: Fruit of coconut is divided in to small pieces and boiled in boiled milk containing sucrose and cow-ghee on low fire. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action (s): Spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Epistaxis. 11.7: Sevikā समिता (सेमई) समितावर्त्तिकाः कृत्वा सुसक्ष्मा यवसन्निभाः । शुष्काः क्षीरेण संसाध्या भोज्या घृतसिताsन्विताः ।। १९ ।। सेविका तर्पणी बल्या गुर्वी पित्तानिलापहा । ग्राहिणी सन्धिकृद्रुच्या तां खादेन्नातिमात्रया ।। २० ।। Preparation: Paste of starch is dried and then boiled in milk containing ghee and sucrose. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action (s): Astringent, appetizer and tonic. Therapeutics: Fracture. Note: It shouled not be consumed in excess. 11.8: Samitā (Starch) Preparation: Godhūma is washed with water and then triturated in a pestle. It is dried and it is grinded in fine state. 11.9: Maṇḍaka मण्डक (मण्डा) गोधूमा धवला धौताः कुट्टिताः शोषितास्ततः । प्रोक्षिता यन्त्रनिष्पिष्टाश्चालिताः समिता स्मृताः ।। २१ ।। वारिणा कोमलां कृत्वा समितां साधु मर्दयेत् । हस्तचालमया तस्या लोप्त्रीं सम्यक्प्रसारयेत् ।। २२ ।। अधोमुखघटस्यैतद्विस्तृतं प्रक्षिपेद् बहिः । मृदुना वह्निना साध्या सिद्धो मण्डक उच्यते ।। २३ ।। दुग्धेन साज्यखण्डेन मण्डकं भक्षयेन्नरः । अथवा सिद्धमांसेन सतक्रवटकेन वा ।। २४ ।। मण्डको बृंहणी वृष्यो बल्योरुचिकरो भृशम् । पाकेsपि मधुरो ग्राही लघुर्दोषत्रयापहः ।। २५ ।। Preparation: Starch is processed in water to soften it. The paste is given shape of capāttī,kept in an earthen pot and placed on fire. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Spermiopiotic, tonic, appetizer and astringent. Anupana: Ghee and shakra (sucrose), milk, prepared flesh and curd. 11.10: Polikā पोलिका (रोटी) कुर्यात्समितयाsतीव तन्वी पर्पटिका ततः ।। २६ ।। स्वदेयेत्तप्तके तां तु पोलिकां जगदुर्बुधाः । तां खादेल्लप्सिकायुक्तां तस्या मण्डकवद् गुणाः ।। २७ ।। Preparation: Thin paste of starch is prepared and fried. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Spermiopiotic, tonic, appetizer and astringent. Anupana: Lapsika. 11.11: Lapsikā लप्सिका (लप्सी) समितां सर्पिषा भृष्टां शर्करां पयसि क्षिपेत् । तस्मिन्धनीकृते न्यस्येल्लवंगं मरिचादिकम् । सिद्धैषा लप्सिका ख्याता गणानस्या वदाम्यहम् ।। २८ ।। लप्सिका बृंहणी दृष्या बल्या पित्तानिलापहा । स्निग्धा श्लेष्मकरी गुर्वी रोचनी तर्पणी परम् ।। २९ ।। Preparation: Starch is fried in ghee. The add śarkarā according to need and concentrate the whole. When complete, add some aromatic spices. Guṇa (Physical property): Snigdha. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action (s): Spermiopiotic, tonic and appetizer. Anupana: Ghee and śarkara (sucrose). milk,prepared flesh and curd. 11.12: Roṭikā रोटिका (रोटी) शुष्कगोधूमचूर्णेन किञ्चित्पुष्टाञ्च पोलिकाम् ।। ३० ।। तप्त स्वेदयेत्कृत्वा भूर्यङ्गारेsपि तां पचेत् । सिद्धैषा रोटिका प्रोक्ता गुणानस्याः प्रचक्ष्महे ।। ३१ ।। रोटिका बलकृद्रुच्या बृंहणी धातुवध्रना । वातघ्नी कफकृद् गुर्वी दीप्ताग्नीनां प्रपूजिता ।। ३२ ।। Preparation: Dried wheat flour is subjected to treatment of water. Small quantity of dried flour is applied to the paste. It is then placed over gentle fire. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta but aggravates Kapha. Action (s): Nutritive, tonic and appetizer. Note: It is good for people having good digestive ability. 11.13: Aṅgārakarkaṭī अंगार कर्कटी (वाटी) शुष्कगोधूमचूर्णं तु साम्बु गाढं विमर्दयेत् । विधाय वटकाकारं निर्धूमेsग्नौ शनैः पचेत् ।। ३३ ।। अङ्गारकर्कटौ ह्येषा बृंहणी शुक्रला लघुः । दीपनी कफकृद्वल्या पीनसश्वासकासजित् ।। ३४ ।। Preparation: Water is added to dried wheat flour. The paste so formed is subjected to gentle fire. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Action (s): Spermiopiotic, tonic and appetizer. Therapeutics: Rhinitis, asthma and cough. 11.14: Yavaroṭikā यवरोटिका (जौ की रोटी) यवजा रोटिका रुच्या मधुरा विशदा लघुः । मलशुक्रानिलकरी बल्या हन्ति कफामयान् ।। ३५ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Viṣada. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action (s): Spermiopiotic, tonic and laxative. 11.15: Balabhadrikā बलभद्रिका (चमसी या छिल्लकेदार उड़द की रोटी) चूर्णं यच्छुष्कमाषाणां चमसी साsभिधीयते । चमसीरचिता रोटी कथ्यते बलभद्रिका । रूक्षोष्णा वातला बल्या दीप्ताग्नीनां सुपूजिता ।। ३६ ।। Preparation: It is dried powder of Urda. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta. Action (s): Tonic and appetizer. 11.16: Preparation: Urada is moistened with water; the coating is removed and dried in sun and flour prepared. 11.17: Jharhjarī धूमसी (धुआंस) माषांणां दालयस्तोये स्थापितास्त्यक्तकञ्चुकाः । आतपे शोषिता यन्त्रे पिष्टास्ता धूमसी स्मृता ।। ३७ ।। धूमसीरचिता चैव प्रोक्ता झर्झरिका बुधैः । झर्झरी कफपित्तघ्नी किञ्चिद्वातकरी स्मृता ।। ३८ ।। It is chapatti prepared from Dhūmasīra. 11.18.1: Caṇakaroṭikā चणक रोटिका (चने की रोटी) चाणक्या रोटिका रूक्षा श्लेष्मपित्तास्रनुद् गुरुः । विष्टम्भिनी न चक्षुष्या तद्गुणा चापि शष्कुली ।। ३९ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Eye-diseases and blood diseases. Note: It disturbs digestion. 11.18.2: Pūrī of Caṇka Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Eye-diseases and blood diseases. Note: It disturbs digestion. 11.19: Piṣṭikā पिष्टिका दालिःसंस्थापिता तोये ततोsपहृतकञ्चुका । शिलायां साधु सम्पिष्टा पिष्टिकाकथिता बुधैः ।। ४० ।। Preparation: Pules are moistened with water. Outer coating is removed and grinded over a slab. 11.20: Bedhamikā वेढमिका (वेढ़मी) माषपिष्टिकया पूर्णगर्भा गोधूमचूर्णतः । रचिता रोटिका सैव प्रोक्ता वेढमिका बुधैः ।। ४१ ।। भवेद्वेढमिका बल्या वृष्या रुच्याsनिलपहा । उष्णा सन्तर्पणी गुर्वी बृंहणी शुक्रला परम ।। ४२ ।। भिन्नामूत्रमला स्तन्यमेदः पित्तकफप्रदा । गुदकीलार्दितश्वासपक्तिशूलानि नाशयेत् ।। ४३ ।। Preparation: It is chapatti prepared from wheat lour containing Piṣṭika of Urda. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Tonic, spermopiotic,aphrodisiac, appetizer, nutritive, laxative, diuretic and galactagouge Thrapeutics: Rectal diseases, obesity, facial palsy, sthma and duodenal ulcer. 11.21.1: Parpaṭa prepared from Māṣa पर्पट (पापड़) धूमसीरचिता हिंगुहरिद्रालवणैर्युताः । जीरकस्वर्जिकाभ्याञ्च तमूकृत्य च वेल्लिताः ।। ४४ ।। पर्पटास्तु सदाsङ्गाभृष्टा परमरोचकाः । दीपनाः पाचना रूक्षा गुरवः किञ्चिदीरिताः ।। ४५ ।। मौद्गाश्च तद्गुणाः प्रोक्ता विशेषाल्लघवो हिताः ।। ४६ ।। चणकस्य गुणैर्युक्ताः पर्पटाश्चणकोद्भवाः । स्नेहभृष्टास्तु ते सर्वे भंवेयुर्मध्यमा गुणैः ।।४७ ।। Preparation: Dhūmasīra is moistened with water. Accordingly Hiṅgu, Haridrā, Saindhava namaka, Jīrā and Sajjī Kṣāra are added to the paste of Dhūmsīra. Then cappāti is prepared which is known as Parpaṭa. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Actions: Appetizer and digestive. 11.21.2: Parpaṭa prepared from Mudaga Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Actions: Appetizer and digestive. 11.21.3: Parpaṭa prepared from Caṇaka Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Actions: Appetizer and digestive. 11.21.4: Parpaṭa fried in Oil Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Actions: Appetizer and digestive. Note: It is inferior as compared to Parpaṭa prepared from Mudga, Māṣa and Caṇaka. पूरिका (कचौरी) माषाणां पिष्टिकां पूर्याल्लवणार्द्रकहिंगुभिः । तया पिष्टिकया पूर्णा समिता कृतपोलिका ।। ४८ ।। ततस्तैलेन पक्वा सा पूरिका कथिता बुधैः । रुच्या स्वाद्वी गुरुः स्निग्धा बल्या पितस्त्रदीषिका ।। ४९ ।। चक्षुस्तेजोहरी चोष्णा पाके वातविनाशिनी । तथैव घृतपक्वाsपि चक्षुष्या रक्तपित्तहृत् ।। ५० ।। 11.22.1: Pūrikā Preparation: Adraka, Haridrā and Hiṅga are added to the Piṣṭhika of Dhūmasīra. This is put inside paste of Samitā and capāttī prepared from it. The capātī is then fried in oil. 11.22.2: Kacaurī prepared in oil Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta but pacifies Vāta. Action (s): Tonic and appetizer. Note: It is harmful for eyes and blood. 11.22.3: Kacaurī prepared in ghee Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta but pacifies Vāta. Therapeutics: Eye-diseases and epistaxis. 11.22.1: śuṣka Vaṭaka बटका (बरा) माषाणां पिष्टकायुक्तां लवणार्द्रकहिंगुभिः । कृत्वा विदध्याद्वटकांस्तांस्तैलेषु पचेच्छनैः ।। ५१ ।। विशुष्का वटकाबलया बृंहणा वीर्य्यवर्द्धनाः । वातामयहरा रुच्या विशेषादर्दितापहाः ।। ५२ ।। विबंधभेदिनः श्लेष्मकरारिणोsत्यग्निपूजिताः । संचूर्ण्य निक्षिपेत्तक्रे भृष्टं जीरकहिंगु च ।। ५३ ।। लवणं तत्र वटकान्सकलानपि मज्जयेत् । शुक्रलस्तत्र वटको बलकृद्रोचनो गुरुः ।। ५४ ।। विबन्धहृद्विदाही च श्लेष्मलः पवनापहः । राज्यक्तयाsतिरोचन्या पाचन्या तांस्तु भक्षयेत् ।। ५५ ।। Preparation: Adraka, Haridrā and Hiṅga are added to the Piṣṭhika of Dhūmasīra and pill is prepared from it. The pill is then fried in oil. Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha but pacifies Vāta. Action: Tonic, appetizer, laxative and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Facial paralysis. Note: It is good for people having good appetite. 11.22.2: Sarasa Vaṭaka काञ्जिकवटक (कांजी बरा) मन्थनी नूतना धार्या कटुतैलेन लेपिता । निर्मलेनाम्बुनाssपूर्य तस्यां चूर्णं विनिक्षिपेत् । रजिकाजीरलवणहिंगुशुण्डीनिशाकृतम् ।। ५६ ।। निक्षिपेद्वटकांस्तत्र भाण्डस्यास्यञ्च मुद्रयेत् । ततो दिनत्रयादूर्ध्वमम्लाः स्युर्वटका ध्रुवम् ।। ५७ ।। काञ्जिको वटको रुच्यो वातघ्नः श्लेष्मकारकः । शूलघ्नोsजीर्णदाहनुद् नेत्ररोगे तु नो हितः ।। ५८ ।। Preparation: Adraka, Haridrā and Hiṅga are added to the Piṣṭhika of Dhūmasīra and pill is prepared from it. The pill is then fried in oil. This is then kept in buttermilk containing fried Jīrā, powder of Hīṅga and Saindhava namaka. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha but pacifies Vāta. Action: Tonic and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Constipation. 11.23: Kāñjikavaṭaka Preparation: A strong earthen pot is taken and pungent oil is applied inside. It is then filled with fresh water. Powders of Kālājājī, Jīrā, Saindhava-namaka, Haridrā and Hīṅga are put inside the pot and then filled with vaṭaka of Urada up to the neck. The mouth of the pot is closed. After three days, Vaṭaka becomes sour. On fourth day, the lid of the pot is removed. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha but pacifies Vāta. Actions: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Colic, dyspepsia and burning sensation. 11.24: Amlikāvaṭaka अम्लिकावटका अम्लिकां स्वेदयित्वा तु जलेन सह मर्दयेत् । तन्नीरे कृतसंस्कारे वटकान्मज्जयेज्जनः ।। ५९ ।। अम्लिकावटकास्ते तु रुच्या वह्विप्रदीपनाः । वटकस्य गुणैः पूर्वैरेतेsपि च समन्विताः ।। ६० ।। Preparation: Amlikā si boiled in water and then pressed for juice. Powders of Kālājājī, Jīrā, Saindhava-namaka, Haridrā and Hīṅga are added Vaṭaka of Urada to the juice. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha but pacifies Vāta. Actions: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Colic, dyspepsia and burning sensation. 11.25: Mudgavaṭaka मुद्गवटक मुद्गानां वटकास्तेक्रे मज्जिता लघवो हिमाः । संस्कारजप्रीवेण त्रिदोषशमना हिताः ।। ६१ ।। Preparation: Adraka, Haridrā and Hiṅga are added to the buttermilk containing Piṣṭhika of Mudga and pills are prepared from it. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. 11.26: Māṣavaṭaka माषाणां पिष्टिका हिंगुलवणार्द्रकसंस्कृता । तया विरचिता वस्त्रे वटिका साधु शोषिताः ।। ६२ ।। भर्जितास्तप्तप्ततैलैस्ता अथवाsम्बुप्रयोगतः । वटकस्य गुणैर्युक्ता ज्ञातव्या रुचिदा भृशम् ।। ६३ ।। Preparation: Adraka, Haridarā and Hīṅga are added to the Piṣṭhikā of Dhumasira and pill is prepared from it. The pill is then fried in oil. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Tonic. 11.27: Kūṣmāṇdakavaṭī कूष्माण्डवटी (पेठे की बरी) कष्माण्डकवटी ज्ञेया पूर्वोक्तवटिकागुणा । विशेषात्पित्तरक्तघ्नी लघ्वी च कथिता बुधैः ।। ६४ ।। Preparation: Adraka, Haridarā and Hīṅga are added to the Piṣṭhikā of Dhūmasīra and small pills are prepared from it. Small pieces of Kuṣmāṇḍa are added to Piṣṭhikā. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Tonic. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. 11.28: Mudga vaṭī मुद्गवटी (मुंगौरी) मुद्गानां वटिका तद्वद्रचिता साधिता तथाः पथ्या लघ्वी मुद्गसूपगुणा स्मृता ।। ६५ ।। Preparation: Adraka, Haridarā and Hīṅga are added to the Piṣṭhikā of Mudga and small pills are prepared from it. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Action: Appetizer. 11.29: Alīkamatsya अलीक मत्स्य (पतौड़ा) माषपिष्टिकया लिप्तं नागवल्लीदलं महत् ।। ६६ ।। तत्तु संस्वेदयेद्युक्त्या स्थाल्यामास्तारकोपरि । ततो निष्कास्य तं खण्ड्यं ततस्तैलेन भर्जयेत् ।। ६७ ।। (खण्ड्यं खण्डेन योगयमिति यावत्) अलीकमत्स्य उक्तोsयं प्रकारः पाकपण्डितैः । तं वृन्ताकभिटित्रेण वास्तूकेन च भक्षयेत् ।। ६८ ।। Preparation: Take large leaves of Paṇa and tie them with Piṣṭhikā of Urada. Take a bucket and tie a cloth at its mouth. Keep all on gentle fire and allow them to boil. When the process is completed, the obtained substance is cut in to small pieces and fried in oil. Note: Alīkamatsya should be consumed with bringle or spinach. 11.30: Kvathitā क्वथिता (कढी) स्थाल्यां घृते वा तैले वा हरिद्रां हिंगु भर्जयेत् । अवहेलनसंयुक्तं तक्रं तत्रैव निक्षिपेत् । एषा सिद्धा समरिचा क्वथिता कथिता बुधैः ।। ६९ ।। क्वथिता पाचनी रुच्या लघ्वी वह्निप्रदीपिनी कफानिलविबन्धघ्नो किञ्चित्पित्तप्रकोपिणी ।। ७० ।। अलीकमत्स्याः शुष्का वा किं वा क्वथितया पुनः । बृंहण रोचना वृष्या बल्या वातगदापहाः ।। ७१ ।। कोष्ठशुद्धिकराः शुष्काः किञ्चित्पित्तप्रकोपणाः . अर्दिते सहनुस्तम्भे विशेषेण हिताः स्मृताः ।। ७२ ।। Preparation: Take a steel vessel or bucket and add ghee or oil in it. Then add Hīṅgu and Haridrā and fry. Then add Samitā dissolved in water and buttermilk and boil. Then add Kṛṣṇa Marica and Saindhava namaka. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Action: Digestive and appetizer. Therapeutics: Constipation. 11.31.1: Properties of Alīkamatsya Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action: Tonic, nutritice, spermopiotic and laxative. 11.31.2: Properties of dry Alīkamatsya Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta but aggravates Pitta. Action: Tonic, nutritice, spermopiotic and laxative. Therapeutics: Facial paralysis and trismus. 11.32: Mudgārdraka Vaṭaka मुद्गार्द्रक वटक् (अदरक बड़े) मुद्गपिष्टीविरचितान् वटकांस्तैलपाचितान् । हस्तेन चूर्णयेत्सम्यक् तस्मिंश्चूर्णे विनिक्षिपेत् ।। ७३ ।। भृष्टं हिंग्वार्द्रकं सूक्ष्मं मरिचं जीरकं तथा । निम्बूरसं यवानीं च युक्त्या सर्वं विमिश्रयेत् ।। ७४ ।। मुद्गपिष्टि पचेत्सम्यक् सथाल्यामास्तारकोपरि । तस्यास्तु गोलकं कुर्या त्तन्मध्ये पूरणं क्षिपेत् ।। ७५ ।। तैले तान्गोलकान्पक्त्वा क्वथितायां निमज्जयेत् गोलकाः पाचकैः प्रोक्तास्ते त्वार्द्रकवटा अपि ।। ७६ ।। मुद्गार्द्रकवटा रुच्या लघवो बलकारकाः । दीपनास्तर्पणाः पथ्यास्त्रिषु दोषेषु पूजिताः ।। ७७ ।। Preparation: First perpare large pill from Piṣṭhikā of Mudga. Fry it in oil and then powder it. Take powder of fried Hiṅgu, thin and small pieces of Adraka, Narica, Jīra, juice of lemon and Ajavāina and mix with fried powder. Take a bucket and put Piṣṭhkā of Mudga in it. Tie a cloth on bucket's mouth and keep it on gentle fire. When the proes s complete, make large pills. Fry them in oil consisting of powder of fried Hiñgu, thin and small pieces of Adraka, Marica, Jīra, juice of lemon and Ajvāina. Then moisten it with Kvathika. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer and tonic. 11.33: Vesana Preparation: It is flour Caṇaka with outer coat intact. 11.34: Vesavaṭika Preparation: It is large pill if Vesana moistened with Kvathika. Action: Appetizer, tonic and nutritive. Note: It is difficult to digest. 11.35: Mā*sa Method of purification: Take ghee or oil in a vessel and fry with Hiṅgu and Haridrā, Then take flesh (of any animal) and make small pieces. Discard the bones and wash the cut pieces properly with water. Then fry with in the vessel containing fried Hiṅgu and Haridrā. When complete, add Saindhava and fry again. 11.36: Veśvāra पकौरी दालयश्चणकानां तु निस्तुषा यन्त्रपेषिताः । तच्चूर्णं बेसनं प्रोक्तं पाकशास्त्रविशारदैः ।। ७८ ।। वटिका बेसनस्यापि क्वथितायां निमिज्जिता । रुच्या विष्टम्भजननी बल्या पुष्टिकरी स्मृता ।। ७९ ।। Ingredients: Leaves of Nāgavallī, Taṇḍula, Lavaṅga and Marica. 11.37: Properties of pure Mā*sa अथ मांसप्रकाराः मांसपाक की साधारण विधि पाकपात्रे घृतं दद्यात्तैलञ्च तदभावतः । तत्र हिंगु हरिद्रां च भर्जयेत्तदनन्तरम् ।। ८० ।। छागादेरस्थिरहितं मांसं तत्खण्डितं ध्रुवम् । धौतं निर्गालितं तस्मीन्घृते तद् भर्जयेच्छनैः ।। ८१ ।। सिद्धयोग्यं जल दत्त्वा लवणन्तु पचेत्ततः । सिद्धे जलेन सम्पिष्य वेशवारं परिक्षिपेत् ।। ८२ ।। वेशवार द्रव्याणि वेशवारस्य नागवल्लीदलानि च । तम्डुलाश्च लवङ्गानि मरिचानि समासतः ।। ८३ ।। अनेन विधिना सिद्धं शुद्धमांसमिति स्मृतम् ।। ८४ ।। शुद्धमांसं परं बल्यं रुच्यञ्च बृंहणम् । त्रिदोषमकं श्रेष्ठं दीपनं धातुवर्द्धनम् ।। ८५ ।। Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Spermopiotic, tonic, appetizer, anabolic and nutritive. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. 11.38: Sahadraka सहर्द्रक छागादेर्मांसमूर्वादेः कुट्टितं खण्डितं पुनः । शद्धमांसविधानेन पचेदेतत्सहर्द्रकम् सहर्द्रकं गुणैर्ग्रन्थे शुद्धमांसगुणं स्मृतम् ।। ८६ ।। Take ghee or oil in a vessel and fry with Hiṅgu and Haridrā. Then take flesh (of any animal) and make small pieces. Discard the bones and wash the cut pieces properly with water. Then fry with in the vessel containing fried Hiṅgu and Haridrā. When complete, add Saindhava and fry again. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Spermopiotic, tonic, appetizer, anabolic and nutritive. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. 11.39: Takramā*sa तक्रमांस (अखनी) पाकपात्रे घृतं दत्त्वा हरिद्रां हिंगु भर्जयेत् । छागादेः सकलस्यापि खण्डान्यपि च भर्जयेत् ।। ८७ ।। सिद्धयोग्य जलं दत्त्वा पचेन्मृदुतरं तथा । जीरकादियुते तक्रे मांसखण्डानि भावयेत् ।। ८८ ।। तक्रमांसन्तु वातघ्नं लघु रुच्यं बलप्रदम् । कफघ्नं पित्तलं पिञ्चित्सर्वाहारस्य पाचनम् ।। ८९ ।। Preparation: Take Hiṅgu and Haridrā in a vessel and fry in ghee. Then take flesh (of any animal) and make small pieces and fry again. The add water and boil over gentle fire. When complete, add buttermilk containing Jīraka. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Action: Tonic, appetizer, nutritive and digestive. 11.40: Harīsā हरीसा (आस) पाकपात्रे तु बृंहन्ति मांसखण्डानि निक्षिपेत् । पानीयं प्रचुरं सर्पिःप्रभूतं हिंगु जीरकम् ।। ९० ।। हरिद्रामार्द्रकं शुण्ठीं लवणं परिचानि च । तण्डुलांश्चापि गोधूमाञ्जम्बरीणां रसान् बहून् ।। ९१ ।। यथा सर्वाणि वस्तूनि सुपक्वानि भवन्ति हि । तथा पचेत्तु निपुणो बहुमण्डस्थितिर्यथा ।। ९२ ।। एषा हरीसा बलकृद्वातपित्तापहा गुरुः । शीतोष्णा शुक्रदा स्निग्धा सरा सन्धानकारिणी ।। ९३ ।। Preparation: Take small pieces of flesh and required amount of water in a vesel. The take Ghee, Hiṅgu, Haridrā, Adraka, Sunṭhī, Saindhava namaka, Marica, Taṇḍula, Grodhūma and lemon juice and add them in vessel. It should be boiled in such a way that it should contain juice in more amounts. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śītoṣṇa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Spermopiotic, laxative, tonic and nutritive. Therapeutics: Fracture. 11.41: Talita mā*sa तलितमांस शुद्धमांसविधानेन मांसं सम्यक्प्रसाधितम् । पुनस्तदाज्ये सम्भृष्टं तलितं प्रोच्यते बुधैः ।। ९४ ।। तलितं बलमेधाsग्निमांसौजः शुक्रवृद्धिकृत् । तर्पणं लघु सुस्निग्धं रोचनं दृढताकरम् ।। ९५ ।। Preparation: Take small pieces of flesh and required amount of water in a vessel. The take Ghee, Hiṅgu, Haridrā, Adraka, Sunṭhī, Saindhava namaka, Marica, Taṇḍula, Grodhūma and lemon juice and add them in vessel. It should be boiled in such a way that it should contain juice in more amounts. The flesh is further fried in ghee. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and excessively Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śītoṣṇa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Spermopiotic, immune-boosting, nootropic, appetizer, anabolic, tonic and nutritive. 11.42: śūlya Pala शूल्यपल (कबाब) कालखण्डादिमांसानि ग्रथितानि शलाकया । घृतं सलवणं दत्वा निर्धूमे दहने पचेत् ।। ९६ ।। तत्तु शूल्यमिति प्रोक्त पाककर्मविचक्षणैः ।। ९७ ।। शूल्यं पलं सुधातुल्यं रुच्यं वह्निकरं लघु । कफवातहरं बल्यं किञ्चित्पित्तकरं हि तत् ।। ९८ ।। Preparation: Pieces of flesh are mixed with Ghee and Namaka (Salt) in a vessel. This is then exposed to fire (without fumes) and allowed to fry slowly. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Action: Appetizer and tonic. 11.43: Mā*sa śṛṅgāṭaka मांस शृंगाटक (मांस का सिंघाड़ा) शुद्धमांसं तमूकृत्य कर्त्तितं स्वेदितं जले । लवङ्गहिंगुलवणमरिचार्द्रकसंयुतम् ।। ९९ ।। एलाजीरकधान्याकनिम्बूरससमन्वितम् । घृते सुगन्धं तद् भृष्टं पूरणं प्रोच्यते बुधैः ।। १०० ।। शृङ्गाटकं समितया कृतं पूरणपूरितम् । पुनः सर्पिषि संभृष्टं मांस शृङ्गाटकं वदेत् ।। १०१ ।। मांस शृङ्गाटकं रुच्यं बृंहणं बलकृद् गुरु । वातपित्तहरं वृष्यं कफघ्नं वीर्यवर्धनम् ।। १०२ ।। Preparation: Small pieces of flesh are boiled in water. It is then mixed with powders of Lavaṅga, Hiṅgu, Haridrā, Adraka, Saindhava namaka, Marica, Ela and Dhanyaka and lemon juice and fried in aromatic ghee. Then Samita is mixed with water to obtain a paste. The processed flesh is put inside paste and further fried in Ghee. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Spermopiotic, appetizer, tonic and nutritive. 11.44: Siddha Mā*sa Rasa मांसरस (सुरवा) सिद्धमांसरो रुच्यः श्रमश्वासक्षयापहः । प्रीणनो वातपित्तघ्नः क्षीणानामल्परेतसाम् । विश्लिष्टभग्नसन्धीनां शुद्धानां शुद्धिकांक्षिणाम् ।। १०३ ।। स्मृत्योजोबलहीनानां ज्वरक्षीणक्षतोरसाम् । शस्यते स्वरहीनानां दृष्ट्यायुःश्रवणार्थिनाम् ।। १०४ ।। प्रकाराः कथिताः सन्ति बहवो मांससम्भवाः । ग्रन्थविस्तरभीतेस्ते मया नात्र प्रकीर्त्तिताः ।। १०५ ।। Action: Spermopiotic, immune-boosting, nootropic, tonic and nutritive. Therapeutics: Fatigue, asthma, phthisis, fractures, oligozoospermia, loss of memory, debility after fevers and deafness. 11.45: śāka Pāka अथ शाकपाकविधि हिंगुजीरयुते तैले क्षिपेच्छाकं सुखण्डितम् ।। १०६ ।। लवणं चात्र चूर्णादिसिद्धे हिंगूदकं क्षिपेत् । इत्येवं सर्वशाकानां साधनेsभिहितो विधिः ।। १०७ ।। Preparation: śāka is cut into small pieces. It is then fried in oil containing Hiṅgu and Jīraka. The add Saindhava namaka, Cātra churana and Hiṅgu containing water and again boil. 11. 46: Maṇṭhaka अथ मण्ठक (मठरी) समितां मर्दयेदाज्यैर्जलेनापि च सन्नयेत् । तस्यास्तु वटिकां कृत्वा पचेत्सर्पिषि नीरसम् । एलालवङ्गकर्पूरमरिचाद्यैरलंकृते ।। १०८ ।। मज्जयित्वा सितापाके ततत्स्तञ्च समुद्धरेत् । अयं प्रकारः संसिद्धौ मण्ठ इत्याभिधीयते ।। १०९ ।। मण्ठस्तु बृंहणो वृष्यो बल्यः सुमधुरो गुरुः पित्तानिलहरो रुच्यो दीप्ताग्नीनां सुपूजितः ।। ११० ।। समिताशर्करासपिर्निर्मिता अपरेsपिये । प्रकारा अमुना तुल्यास्तेsपि चेत्तद्गुणाः स्मृताः ।।१११ ।। Preparation: Take Samita and rub it with ghee and water. Make large pills and fry them in Ghee. Then prepare a confection of sucrose and add Ela, Lavaṅga, Karpūra and Marica. Dip the pills in theconfection. When the pills become wet recome them from the confection and store. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Appetizer, aphrodisiac and tonic. 11.47: Sa*pāva संपाव (गुझिया) पर्पट्यः साज्यसमितिनिर्मिता घृतभर्जिताः कुट्टिताश्चालिताः शुद्धशर्कराभिर्विदताः ।। ११२ ।। तत्र चूर्णं क्षिपेदेलालवङ्गमरिचानि च । नारिकेरं सकर्पूर चारबीजान्यनेकधा ।। ११३ ।। घृताक्तसमिता पुष्टरोतिका रचिता ततः । तस्यान्तः पूरणं तस्याकुर्यान्मुद्रां दृढां सुधीः ।। ११४ ।। सर्पिषि प्रचुरे तान्तु सुपचेन्निपुणे जनः प्रकारज्ञैः प्रकरोsयं सम्पाव इति कीर्तितः ।। ११५ ।। मण्ठकेन समो ज्ञेयः सम्पावोsपि गुणैर्जनैः ।। Preparation: Make capātī of Samita after processing in Ghee. Make a paste of it by working in a pestle and mix with powder of Samita. Then take powder of Ela, Lavaṅga, Marica, Nārikela, Karpūra and Cilaungi and mix with paste and keep them in a vessel. It is put on gentle fire. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Appetizer, aphrodisiac and tonic. 11.48: Karpūranalikā कर्पूरनलिका घृताढ्यया समितया लम्बं कृत्वा पुटं ततः । सवङ्गोषणकूर्परयुतया सितयान्वितम् ।। ११७ ।। पचेदाज्येन सिद्धैषा ज्ञेया कर्पूरनालिका । सम्पावसदृशी ज्ञेया गुणैः कर्पूरनालिका ।। ११८ ।। Preparation: Take Samita after processing it in Ghee. Make a paste which resembles an elongated pipe. Add powders of Lavaṅga, Marica, Karpūra and finely powered sucrose in the paste. Close the mouth of the paste and fry in Ghee. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Appetizer, aphrodisiac and tonic. 11.49: Phenikā फेनिका (फेनी) समिताया घृताढ्याया वर्त्तीर्दीर्घाः समाचरेत् । तास्तु सन्निहिता दीर्घाः पीठस्योपरि धारयेत् ।। ११९ ।। वेल्लयेद्वेल्लनेनैता यथैका पर्पटी भवेत् । ततश्छुरिकया तान्तु संलग्नामेव कर्त्तयेत् ।। १२० ।। ततस्तु वेल्लयेद् भूयः सट्टकेन च लेपयेत् । शालिचूर्णं घृतं तोयं मिश्रितं सट्टकं वदेत् ।। १२१ ।। ततः संवृत्य तल्लोप्त्रीं विदधीत पृथक्पृथक् । पुनस्तां वेल्लयेल्लोप्त्रीं यथा स्यान्मण्डलाकृतिः ।। १२२ ।। ततस्तां सुपचेदाज्ये भवेयुश्च स्फुटाः स्फुटाः । सगन्धया शर्करया तद्धूलनामाचरेत् ।। १२३ ।। सिद्धैषा फेनिकानाम्नी मण्डकेन समा गुणैः । ततः किंचिल्लघुरियं विशेषोsयमुदाहृतः ।। १२४ ।। Preparation: Take Samitā after processing it in Ghee. Make which resembles an elongated pipe. Then divide it into two parts with help of a knife. Again separate the divided parts and add powder of Bhāta, Ghee and water. By doing this a paste is formed. Handle the paste in such a way that a round chapatti is formed. Fry it in Ghee and moisten with confection of śarkarā (Sucrose). Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Appetizer, aphrodisiac and tonic. 11.50: śaṣkulī शष्कुली (खस्ता पूरी) समिताया घृताक्ताया लोप्त्रीं कृत्वा च लेल्लयेत् । ल्ये तां भर्जयेत्सिद्धा शष्कुली फेनीकागुणा ।। १२५ ।। Preparation: Take Samitā after processing it in Ghee. Make a paste and fry in Ghee. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Appetizer, aphrodisiac and tonic. 11.51: Sevikā modaka सेविका मोदक (सेव के लड्डू) घृताढ्यया समितया कृत्वा सूत्राणि तानि तु । निपुणो भर्जयेदाज्ये खण्डपाकेन योजयेत् । युक्तेन मोदकान्कुर्य्यात्ते गुणैर्मण्ठका यथा ।। १२६ ।। Preparation: Take Samitā after processing it in Ghee. Make a paste resembling fibers and fry Ghee. When the process is completed, treat the paste with confection of sucrose and prepare modaka. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Appetizer, aphrodisiac and tonic. 11.52: Muktā modaka मुक्ता मोदक (बूंदी के लड्डू) मुद्गानां धूमसीं सम्यग्गोलयेन्निर्मलाम्बुना ।। १२७ ।। कटाहस्य घृतस्योर्ध्वं झर्झरं स्थापयेत्ततः । धूमसीन्तु द्रवीभूतां प्रक्षिपेज्झर्झरोपरि ।। १२८ ।। पतन्ति बिन्दवस्तस्मात्तान्सुपक्वान्समुद्धरेत् । सितापाकेन संयोज्य कुर्याद्धस्तेन मोदकान् ।। १२९ ।। लघुर्ग्राही त्रिदोषघ्नः स्वादु शीतो रुचिप्रदः । चक्षुष्यो ज्वरहृद् बल्यस्तर्पणो मुद्गमोदकः ।। १३० ।। Preparation: Concentrate Mudga is water. Take Ghee in a steel utensil and put it on gentle fire. Cover the utensil with a lid. Place Mudga on the lid and allow it to pour in the utensil. When the process is completed, treat them with confection of sucrose and prepare modaka. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Action: Astringent , Febrifuge and tonic. Therapeutics: Eye-ailments. 11.53: Vesana modaka बेसन मोदक (मोतीचूर लड्डू) एवमेव प्रकारेण कार्य्या वेसनमोदकाः ।। १३१ ।। ते बल्या लघवः शीताः किंचिद्वातकरास्तथा । विष्टम्भिनो ज्वरघ्नाश्च पित्तरक्तकफापहाः ।। १३२ ।। Preparation: Concentrate Vesana is water. Take Ghee in a steel utensil and put it on gentle fire. Cover the utensil with a lid. Place Vesana on the lid and allow it to pour in the utensil. When the process is completed, treat them with confection of sucrose and prepare modaka. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta but aggravates Vāta. Action: Astringent , Febrifuge and tonic. Therapeutics: Blood-ailments. 11.54: Dugdhakūpikā दुग्धकूपिका तण्डुलचूर्णविमिश्रितनष्टक्षीरेण सान्द्रपिष्चेन । दृढकूपिकां विदध्यात्ताञ्च पचेत्सर्पिषा सम्यक् ।। १३३ ।। अथ तां कोरितमव्यां घनपयसा पूर्णगर्भाञ्च । सट्टकमुद्रितवदनां तप्तघृने सुपक्ववदनाञ्च ।। १३४ ।। अथ पाण्डुखण्डपाके स्नपयेत्कर्पूरवासिते कुशलः । अथ दुग्धकूपिका सा बल्या पित्तानिलापहा चैव ।। १३५ ।। वृष्या शीता गुर्वी शुक्रकरी च तर्पणी रुच्या । विदधाति कायपुष्टि दृष्टि दूरप्रसारिणीं सुचिरम् ।। १३६ ।। Preparation: Take powder of Bhāta and triturate with Chenā. Make a cone from the paste and fry in Ghee. Make a hole in the middle part of cone and fill with thick milk. Close the hole and again fry in Ghee. When the mouth of the cone becomes heated treat it with confection of sucrose. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Appetizer, aphrodisiac spermopiotic and tonic. Therapeutics: Poor eye sight. 11.55: Kuṇḍalinī कुण्डलिनी (जलेबी) नूतनं घटमानीय तस्यान्तः कुशलो जनः । प्रस्थार्द्धपरिमाणेन दध्नाम्लेन प्रलेपयेत् ।। १३७ ।। द्विप्रस्थां समितां तत्र दध्यम्लं प्रस्थसम्मितम् । घृतमर्द्धशरावञ्च घोलयित्वा घटे क्षिपेत् ।। १३८ ।। आतपे स्थापयेत्तावद् यावद्याति तद्म्लताम् । ततस्तत्प्रक्षिपेत्पात्रे सच्छिद्रे भाजने तु तत् ।। १३९ ।। परिभ्राम्य परिभ्राम्य सुसन्तप्ते घृते क्षिपेत् । पुनः पुनस्तदावृत्त्या विदध्यान्मण्डलाकृतिम् ।। १४० ।। तां सुपक्वां घृतान्नीत्वा सितापाके तनुद्रवे । कर्पूरादिसुगन्धे च स्नापयित्वोद्धरेत्ततः ।। १४१ ।। एषा कुण्डलिनी नाम्ना पुष्टिकान्तिबलप्रदा । धातुवृद्धिकरी वृष्या रुच्या चेन्द्रियतर्पणी ।। १४२ ।। Preparation: Take a fresh bucket and apply sour curd (half Prastha) to its inner wall. Take Samitā (two Prastha), sour curd (one Prastha) and Ghee (half Sharva) and mix them. Put them inside the bucket and keep in sunlight until they become sour. When the mixed stuff becomes sour, put it in a vessel having an opening. Give it circular shape, fry in ghee and treat with confection of sucrose. Action: Alterative, tonic, nutritive, spermopiotic and appetizer. Note: It suits to the tongue. 11.56: Rasālā अथ पश्चात् परिवेष्याणि रसाला (सिखरन) आदौ माहिषमम्लमम्बुरहितं दध्याढकं शर्करां शुभ्रां प्रस्थुयगोन्मिता शुचिपटे किंचिच्च किंचित्क्षिपेत् । दुग्धेनार्द्धघटेन मृण्मयनवस्थाल्यां दृढं स्रावयेदेलाबीजलवङ्गचन्द्रमरिचैग्यैश्च तद्योजयेत् ।। १४३ ।। भीमेन प्रियभोजनेन रचितानाम्ना रसाला स्वयं श्रीकृष्णेन पुरा पुनः पुनरियं प्रीत्या समास्वादिता । एषायेन वसन्तवर्जितदिने संसेव्यते नित्यशएतस्य स्यादतिवीर्य्यवृद्धिरनिशं सर्वेन्द्रियाणा बलम् ।। १४४ ।। ग्रीष्मे तथा शरदि ये रविशोषिताङ्गा ये च प्रमत्तवनितासुरतातिखिन्नाः । ये चापि मार्गपरिसर्पणशीर्णगात्रास्तेषामियं वपुषि पोषणमाशु कुर्य्यात् ।। १४५ ।। रसाला शक्रला बल्या रोचनी वातपित्तजित् ।। १४६ ।। दीपनीबृंहणी स्निग्ध मधुरा शिशिरा सरा । रक्तपित्तं तृषां दाहं प्रतिश्यायं विनाशयेत् ।। १४७ ।। Preparation: Take sour curd (one āḍaka), finely powdered śarkrā (two Prastha) and milk (two āḍaka). Filter and express them through a near cloth in an earthen pot. Add powders of Ela, Lavaṅga, Karpūra and Marica accordingly. It was prepared by Bhīma and consumed repeatedly by Lord Kṛṣṇā. The recipe is considered to be spermopiotic and tonic. It is particularly useful for people exhausted with excessive sex and walking. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Spermopiotic, tonic, appetizer, nutritive and laxative. Therapeutics: Epistaxis, burning sensation, excessive thirst and rhinitis. 12.56: śarkarodaka शर्करोदक (शर्बत) जलेन शीतलेनैव घोलिता शुभ्रशर्करा । एलालवङ्गकर्पूरमरिचैश्च समन्विता ।। १४८ ।। शर्करोदकनाम्ना तत्प्रसिद्धं विदुषां मुखैः । शर्करोदकमाख्यातं शुक्रलं शिशिरं सरम् ।। १४९ ।। बल्यं रुच्यं लघु स्वादु वातपित्तप्रणाशनम् । मूर्च्छाछर्दितृषादाहज्वरशान्तिकरं परम् ।। १५० ।। Preparation: Disolve śakarā in cold water and add Ela, Lavaṅga, Karpūra and Marica. Filter and consume. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Spermopiotic, tonic, appetizer and laxative. Therapeutics: Apoplexy, vomiting, excessive thirst, burning sensation and fever. 11.58: Prapāṇaka प्रपाणकानि (शर्बतविशेष) आम्रमामं जले स्विन्नां मर्दितं दृढपाणिना । सिताशीताम्बुसंयुक्तं कूर्परमरिचान्वितम् ।। १५१ ।। प्रपाणकमिदं श्रेष्ठ भीमसेनेन निर्मितम् । स्द्यो रुचिकरं बल्यं शीघ्रमिन्द्रियतर्पणम् ।। १५२ ।। Preparation: Boil unripe Aamra (Mango) in water and express juice with hands. Then add śarkarā and cold water according to dose. Add powder of Karpūra and Marica. It was prepared by Bhimasena. Action: Tonic and appetizer. 11.59: Amlikāphala pānaka अम्लिकाफलपानक अम्लिकायाः फलं पक्वं मर्दितं वारिणा दृढम् । शर्करामरिचैर्मिश्र लवङ्गेन्दुसुवासितम् ।। १५३ ।। अम्लिकाफलसम्भूतं पानकं वातनाशनम् । पित्तश्लेषमकरं किञ्चित्सुरुच्यं वह्विबोधनम् ।। १५४ ।। Preparation: Dissolve ripe fruit of Amlikā (Tamarindus officinalis) and express juice with hands. Then add Shakra and powders of Ela, Lavaṅga, Karpūra and Marica. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta but slightly aggravates Kapha and Pitta. Action: Appetizer. 11.60: Nimbukaphala pānaka निम्बुकफलपानक भागैकं निम्बुजं तोयं षड्भागं शर्करोदकम् । लवङ्गमरिचैर्मिश्रं पानं पानकमत्तमम् ।। १५५ ।। निम्बुफलभवं पानमत्यम्लं वातनाशनम् । वह्निदीप्तिकरं रुच्यं समस्ताहारपाचकम् ।। १५६ ।। Preparation: Take juice of Nimbuka (Citrus limon)-one part and syrup of sucrose-six parts and powders of Ela, Lavaṅga, Karpūra and Marica. Rasa (Taste): Amla (Acidic). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action: appetizer and digestive. 11.61: Dhānyāka pānaka धान्याकपानक शिलायां साधु सम्पिष्टं धान्याकं वस्त्रगालितम् । शर्करोदकंयुक्तं कर्पूरादिसुसंस्कृतम् । नूतने मृण्नये पात्रे स्थितं पित्तहरं परम् ।। १५७ ।। Preparation: Take fresh Dhānyāka (Coriander sativum), Grind ti on a slab and filter. Add syrup of sucrose and powders of Ela, Lavaṅga, Karpūra and Marica. Store it in a fresh earthen pot. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. 11.62: Kāñjī अथ काञ्जी काञ्चिकं रोचनं रुच्यं पाचनं वह्निदीपनम् ।। १५८ ।। शूलाजीर्णविबन्धघ्नं कोष्ठशुद्धिकरं परम् । न भवेत्काञ्जकं यत्र तत्र जालिः प्रदीयते ।। १५९ ।। Action: Appetizer, digestive and laxative. Therapeutics: colic, dyspepsia and consipation. 11.63: Jālī अथ जालिः आममाम्रफलं पिष्टं तजिकालवणान्वितम् । भृष्टहिंगुयुतं पूतं घोलितं जालिरुच्यते ।। १६० ।। जालिर्हरति जिह्वायाः कुण्ठत्वं कण्ठशोधिनी । मन्दं मन्दन्तु पीता सा रोचनी वह्निबोधिनी ।। १६१ ।। Preparation: Grind unripe āmra (Mango) in and add Kālājājī (Nigella sativa) and Saindhava namaka. Filter and add powder of fried Hiṅgu (Ferula asfoetida). Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Disorder of tongue and throat. 11.64: Takra तक्र (छांछ) तुर्यांशेन जलेन संयुतमतिस्थूलं सदम्लं दधि प्रायो माहिषमम्बुकेन विमले मृद्भाजने गालयेत् । भृष्टं हिंगु च जीरकञ्च लवणं राजीञ्च किञ्चिन्मितां पिष्टां तत्र विमिश्रयेद् भवति तत्तक्रं न कस्य प्रियम् ।। १६२ ।। तक्रं रुचिकरं वह्निदीपनं पाचनं परम् । उदरेये गदास्तेषां नाशनं तृप्तिकारकम् ।। १६३ ।। Preparation: take thick and sour curd obtained from cow's milk and add one fourth water and homogenize. Filter through a fresh cloth i an earthen pot. Then add Hiṅgu (Ferula asfoetida), fried Jīraka (Carum carvi) Saindhava namaka (Rock salt) and Kālājājī (Nigella sativa). Action: Appetizer and digestive. Therapeutics: Disorder of abdomen. 11.65: Dugdha (Milk) दुग्ध (दूध) विदाहीन्यन्नापानानि यानि भुङक्ते हि मानवः । तद्विदाहप्रशान्त्यर्थं भोजनान्ते पयः पिबेत् ।। दुग्धस्यापरे गुणा उक्ता एव दुग्धवर्गे ।। १६४ ।। If a person consumes food casing burning sensation, he should consume milk 11.66.1: Saktava सक्तवः (सत्तू) धान्यानि भ्राष्ट्रभृष्टानि यन्त्रपिष्टानि सक्तवः ।। १६५ ।। Preparation: It is grinded form Dhānya koke Bhāta (Oryza sativa). यवसक्तवः (जौ के सत्तू) यवजाः सक्तवः शीता दीपना लघवः सराः । कफपित्तहरा रूक्षा लेखनाश्च लेखनाश्च प्रकीर्त्तिताः ।। १६६ ।। ते पीता बलदा वृष्या बृंहणा भेदनास्तथा । तर्पणा मधुरा रुच्याः परिणामे बलावहाः ।। १६७ ।। कफपित्तश्रमक्षुत्तृड्व्रणनेत्रामयापहाः । प्रशस्ता धर्मदाहाध्वव्यायामार्त्तशरीरिणाम् ।। १६८ ।। 11.66.2: Yava Saktava Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta. Action: Appetizer, laxative, tonic, spermopiotic and nutritive. Therapeutics: Fatigue, excessive appetite and thirst, ulcer, eye-ailments and burning sensation. चने के सत्तू निस्तुषैश्चणकैर्भृ ष्टैस्तुर्यांशैश्च यवैः कृताः । सक्तवः शर्करासर्पिर्युक्ता ग्रीष्मेsतिपूजिताः ।। १६९ ।। 11.66.3: Caṇaka Saktava Preparation: Fry Caṇaka and remove the outer coat. Then add one fourth of Yava Saktava. It is expecially useful when consumed with Ghee and śarkarā. शालिसक्तवः सक्तवः शालिसम्भूता वह्निदा लघवो हिमाः । मधुरा ग्राहिणो रुच्याः पथ्याश्च बलशुक्रदाः ।। १७० ।। 11.66.4: śali Saktava Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta. Action: Appetizer, astringent, tonic, spermopiotic and nutritive. 11.66.5: Som facts about Saktava 1. Saktava should never be consumed after talking meals. 2. Should not be masticated, 3. Should not be consumed and at night. 4. Should not be taken in excess. 5. Should not be taken with water. 6. Should not be consumed again and again. 7. Should not be consumed with flesh. 8. Should nog be consumed at night. 9. Should not be consumed warmed. 11.67: Ghānā धाना (बहुरी) यवास्तु निस्तुषा भृष्टाः स्मृता धाना इति स्त्रियाम् । धानाः स्युर्दुर्जरा रूक्षास्तृट्प्रदा गुरवश्च ताः । तथा मेहकफच्छर्दिनाशिन्य सम्प्रकीर्त्तिताः ।। १७३ ।। Preparation: Pound Yava, separate the husk and fry. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Cough and polyuria. Note: It induce thirst. 11.68: Lājā लाजा (खीलें) येषां स्युस्तण्डुलास्तानि धान्यानि सतुषाणि च । भृष्टानि स्फुटितान्याहुर्लाजा इति मनीषिणः ।। १७४ ।। लाजाः स्युर्मधुराः शीता लघवो दीपनाश्च ते । स्वलपमूत्रमला रूक्षा बल्याः पित्तकफच्छिदः । छर्द्यतीसारदाहास्रमेहमेदस्तृषापहाः ।। १७५ ।। Preparation: It is Dhanya including husk which has been fried with-out pounding. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Action: Mild laxative and diuretic, appetizer and tonic. Therapeutics: Vomiting, diarrhoea, burning sensation blood diseases, polyuria, obesity and excessive thirst. Note: It induces thirst. 11.69: Cipiṭā चिपिटा (चिउड़ा) शालयः सतुषा आर्द्रा भृष्टा अस्फुटितास्ततः । कुट्टिताश्चिपिआः प्रोक्तास्ते स्मृताः पृथुका अपि ।। १७६ ।। पृथुका गुरवो वातनाशनाः श्लेष्मला अपि । सक्षीरा बृंहणा वृष्या बल्या भिन्नमलाश्च ते ।। १७७ ।। Preparation: Dhānya is pounded along with husk and fried in moistened state. It is then pounded in mortar and husk separated. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta but aggravates Kapha. Action: Laxative, tonic and spermopiotic. 11.70: Holaka होला (होरहा) अर्द्धपक्वैः शमीधान्यैस्तृणभृष्टैश्च होलकः । होलकोsल्पानिलो मेद़ःकफदोषत्रयापहः । भवेद्यो होलको यस्य स च तत्तद्गुणो भवेत् ।। १७८ ।। Preparation: Unripe śimbī is fried in fire. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Obesity. 11.71: Ucī ऊची (ऊंबी) मञ्जरी त्वर्द्धपक्वा या यवगोधूमयोर्भवेत् । तृणानलेन संभृष्टा बुधैरूचीति सा स्मृता । ऊची कफप्रदा बल्या लघ्वी पित्तानिलापहा ।। १७९ Preparation: Unripe inflorescence of Godhūma is fried in fire. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta but aggravates Kapha. Action: Tonic. 11.72: Kulmāṣa कुल्माष (घुघरी) अर्धस्विन्नास्तु गोधुमा अन्येsपि चणकादयः । कुल्माषा इति कथ्यन्ते शब्दाशास्त्रेषु पण्डितैः । कुल्माषा गुरवो रूक्षा वातला भिन्नावर्चसः ।। १८१ ।। Preparation: It is fried state of Godhūma or Caṇaka. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta. Action: Laxative. 11.73: Palala तिल कुट्टभ (तिलकुट) पललन्तु समाख्यातं सैक्षवं तिलपिष्टकम् । पललं मलकृद् वृष्यं वातघ्नं कफपित्तकृत् । बृंहणं च गुरु स्निग्धं मूत्राधिक्यनिवर्त्तकम् ।। १८२ ।। Preparation: It is pounded Tila containing śarkara (Sucrose) or Guḍa (Jaggery). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Kapha but pacifies Vāta. Action: Laxative, spermopiotic, tonic and antidiuretic. 11.74: Piṇyāka तिलखिल (खल, पीना) तिलकिट्टन्तु पिण्याकस्तथा तिलखलिः स्मृता । पिण्याको लेखनो रूक्षो विष्टम्भी दृष्टिदूषणः ।। १८३ ।। Synonyms: Tilakhalī and Tilakiṭṭa. Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Therapeutics: Obesity. Note: If is difficult to digest and harmful for eyesight. 11. 74: Taṇdula तंदुल (चावल) तण्डुलो मेहजन्तुघ्नः स नवस्त्वतिदुर्जरः ।। १८४ ।। Therapeutics: Polyuria. Note: If it not fresh it disturbs digestion. CHAPTER 12 Vārivarga वारिवर्गः 12.1: Jala (Water) जलस्या नामानि गुणाश्च पानीयं सलिलं नीरं कीलालं जलमम्बु च । आपो वार्वारि कं तोयं पयः पाथस्तथोदकम् । जीवनं वनमम्भोणोsमृतं घनरसोsपि च ।। १ ।। पानीयं श्रमनाशनं क्लमहरं मूर्च्छापिपासाहरं तन्द्राच्छर्दिविबन्धहृद्वलकरं निद्राहरं तर्पणम् । हृद्यं गुप्तरसं ह्यजीर्णशमकं नित्यं हितं शीतलं लघ्वच्छं रसकारणं निगदितं पीयूषवज्जीवनम् ।। २ ।। Synonyms: Ambha, Ambu, Amrta, āpa, Jala, Jīvana, Kīlāla, Nīra, Oaniya, Pānīya, Pāṭhā, Pāyas, Salīla, Toya, Udaka, Van, var and Vārī. Rasa: Avyakata. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Actions: Stimulant, cardiac tonic, Therapeutics: Fatigue, apoplexy, lassitude, vomiting, constipation and dyspepsia. Note: It gives rise to six tastes viz; Madhura, Amla, Lavana, Katu, Tikta and Kshaya. 12.2: Types of water जल के भेद पानीयं मुनिभिः प्रोक्तं दिव्यं भाममिति द्विधा ।। ३ ।। दिव्यं चतुर्विधं प्रोक्तं धाराजं करकाभवम् । तौषारं च तथा हैमं तेषु धारं गुणाधिकम् ।। ४ ।। 1. Divya jala. 2. Bhauma jala. Divya jala has further four types: 1.Dhārā jala. 2. Karkābhava jala. 3. Tauṣāraja jala. 4. Haima jala. Dhārā jala is considered to the best. 12.3: Dhārā jala धारा जल के लक्षण और गुण धाराभिः पतितं तोयं गृहीतं स्फीतवाससा । शिलायां वसुधायां वा धौतायां पतितं च तत् ।। ५ ।। सौवर्णे राजते ताम्रे स्फाटिके काचनिर्मिते । भाजने मृण्मये वापि स्थापितं धारमुच्यते ।। ६ ।। धारनीरं त्रिदोषघ्नमनिर्देश्यकरं लघु । सौम्यं रसायनं बल्यं तर्पणं ह्लादि जीवनम् ।। ७ ।। पाचनं मतिकृन्मूर्च्छातन्द्राहश्रमक्लमान् । तृष्णां हरति तत्पथ्यं विशेषात्प्रावृषि स्मृतम् ।। ८ ।। It is obtained from rain water that falls on the ground. It is collected in anear utensil and filtered through a thick cloth. It can be then stored in any vessel (gild, silver, copper or glass). Rasa: Avyakata. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action (s): Tonic and digestive. Therapeutics: Fatigue, apoplexy, burning sensation and excessive thirst. 12.4: Types of Dhārā jala धाराजल के भेद धाराजलं च द्विविधं गाङ्गसामुद्रभेदतः ।। ९ ।। आकाशगङ्गासम्बन्धि जलमादाय दिग्गजाः । मेघैरन्तरिता वृष्टिं कुर्वन्तीति वचः सताम् ।। १० ।। गाङ्गमाश्वयुजे मासि प्रायो वर्षति वारिदः । सर्वथा तज्जलं ज्ञेयं तथैव चरके वचः ।। ११ ।। स्थापितं हेमजे पात्रे राजते मृण्मयेsपि वा । शाल्यन्नं येन संसिक्तं भवेदक्लेदि वर्णवत् ।। १२ ।। तद् गाङ्गं सर्वदोषघ्नं ज्ञेयं सामुद्रमन्यथा । तत्तु सक्षारलवणं शुक्रदृष्टिबलापहम् ।। १३ ।। विस्रं च तीक्ष्णं सर्वकर्मसु नो हितम् । सामुद्रं त्वाश्विने मासि गुणैर्गाङ्गवदादिशेत् ।। १४ ।। अगस्त्यृस्य तु देवर्षेरुदयात्सकलं जलम् । निर्मलं निर्विषं स्वादु शुक्रलं स्याददोषलम् ।। १५ ।। फूत्कारविषवातेन नागानां व्योमचारिणाम् । वर्षासु सविषं तोयं दिव्यमप्याश्विनं विना ।। १६ ।। 1. Gaṅgā jala. 2. Samudra jala. 12.4.1: Gaṅgā jala अनार्त्तवजल अनार्त्तवं प्रमुञ्चन्ति वारि वारिधरास्तु यत् । तत्त्रिदोषाय सर्वेषां देहिनां परिकीर्त्तितम् ।। १७ ।। It is the rain water. According to Caraka, if śāli dhānya neither absorbs moisture nor gets discolored if kept in a vessel (made of gold or silver or an earthen pot) containing Dhārā jala, then the water is Gaṅga jala. 12.4.2: Samudra jala If śāli dhānya absorbs moisture or gets discolored if kept in vessel (made of gold or silver or an earthen pot) containing Dhārā jala, then the water is Samudra jala. Rasa: Lavaṇa (Salt). Guṇa (Physical property): Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Note: 1. It is harmful for semen and eye sight. 2. It has foul smell. 3. If the Samudra jala has been collected in Aśvina māsa, then it has same properties as that fo Gaṅgā jala. 12.5: Water falling in winter and rainy season Water falling in winter season is non-poisonous. Under the influence of Agastya (it is a star), the water becomes clear, non-poisonous, sweet and spermopiotic. Water falling in rainy season is poisonous. According to ancient texts, in the rainy season, the air becomes polluted with Divya sarpa (snake living in ākāśa). But same is non-poisonous during Aśvina māsa is best for use. 12.6: Water falling in improper season It is known to aggravate Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. 12.7: Karkā jala करका जल (ओले का जल) दिव्यबाय्वग्निसंयोगात्संहताः खात्पतंति याः । पाषाणखण्डवच्चापस्ताः कारक्योsमृतोपमाः ।। १८ ।। करकाजं जलं रूक्षं विशदं गुरुं च स्थिरम् । दारुणं शीतलं सान्द्रं पित्तहृत्कफवातकृत् ।। १९ ।। Air present in the space combines with fire to form hail. This then falls on earth and is known as Karkā jala. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy), Sthira, Kathina, Sāndra, Rūkṣa and Viśada. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Kapha and Vāta. 12.8: Tauṣāraja jala तौषार (ओस) अपि नद्याः समुद्रान्ते वह्निरापस्तदुद्भवाः । धूमावयवनिर्मुक्तास्तुषाराख्यास्तु ताः स्मृताः ।। २० ।। अपथ्याः प्राणिनां प्रायो भूरुहाणां तु ता हिताः । तुषाराम्बु हिमं रूक्षं स्याद्वातलमपित्तलम् । कफोरुस्तम्भकण्ठाग्निमेहगण्डादिरोगनुत् ।। २१ ।। It originates from fire present in water present in rivers and seas. Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Vāta but pacifies Kapha. Therapeutics: Goiter, appetite, diseases of the throat and polyuria. Note: This type of water is not fit for humans except trees. 12.9: Haima jala हैम जल हिमवच्छिखरादिभ्यो द्रवीभूयाभिवर्षति । यत्तदेव हिमं हैमं जलमाहुर्मनीषिणः । हिमाम्बु शीतं पित्तघ्नं गुरु वांतविवर्द्धन् ।। २२ ।। और्वानलधूमेरितम्बु समुद्रस्य यद्घनीभूतम् । पवनानीतमुदीच्यां तद्धिममिति कथ्यते सद्भिः ।। २३ ।। हिमं तु शीतलं रूक्षं दारुणं सूक्ष्ममित्यपि । न तद् दूषयते वातं न च पित्तं नवा कफम् ।। २४ ।। It originates form snow. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta. Note: Some people are of the view that water present in sea, under the influence of air becomes dense and it represents Haima jala. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy), Katḥina, Sūkṣma and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: It does not aggravates Vāta, Kapha and Pitta. 12.10: Types of Bhauma jala भौम जल- Ground water. भौममम्भो निगदितं प्रथमं त्रिविधं बुधैः । जाङ्गलं परमानूपं ततः साधारणं क्रमात् ।। २५ ।। अल्पोदकोsल्पवृक्षश्च पित्तरक्तामयान्वितः । ज्ञातव्यो जाङ्गलो देशस्तत्रत्यं जांगलं जलम् ।। २६ ।। बह्वम्बुर्बहुवृक्षश्च वातश्लेष्मामयान्वितः । देशोsनूप इति ख्यात आनूपं तद्भवं जलम् ।। २७ ।। मिश्रचिह्निस्तु यो देशः स हि साधारणः स्मृतः । तस्मिन्देशे यदुदकं तत्तु साधारणं स्मृतम् ।। २८ ।। जाङ्गलं सलिलं रूक्षं लवणं लघु पित्तनुत् । वह्निकृत्कफहृत्पभ्यं विकारान् हरते बहून् ।। २९ ।। आनूपं वार्य्यभिष्यन्दि स्वादु स्निग्धं धनं गुरु । वह्निहृत्कफकृद्धृद्यं विकारान्कुरुते बहून् ।। ३० ।। साधारणं तु मधुरं दीपनं शीतलं लघु । तर्पणं रोचनं तृष्णादाहदोषत्रयप्रणुत् ।। ३१ ।। 1. ānūpa jala: It is obtained from marshy lands. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy), Ghana, Abhiṣyandī and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: It aggravates Kapha. Action: Cardiac tonic. Note: 1. It is not good for digestive fire. 2. Jaṅgala jala: It is obtained from arid lands. Rasa (Taste): Lavaṇa (Salt). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: It pacifies Kapha. Action: Appetizer. 3. Sādhāraṇa jala Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: It Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Excessive thirst and burning sensation. 12.11: Nādeya jāla नादेय जल-River's water. नद्या नदस्य वा नीरं नादेयमिति कीर्त्तितम् ।। ३२ ।। नादेयमुदकं रूक्षं वातलं लघु दीपनम् । अनभिष्यन्दि शिवदं कटुकं कफपित्तनुत् ।। ३३ ।। नद्यः शीघ्रवहा लघ्व्यः सर्वा याश्चामलोदकाः । गुर्व्यः शैवलसंछन्ना मन्दगाः कलुषाश्च याः ।। ३४ ।। हिमवत्प्रभवाः पथ्या नद्योsश्माहतपाथसः । गङ्गाशतद्रुसरयूयमुनाद्या गुणोत्तमाः ।। ३५ ।। सह्यशैलभवा नद्यो वेणीगोदावरीमुखाः । कुर्वनि प्रायशः कुष्ठमीषद्वातकफावहाः ।। ३६ ।। नदीसरस्तडागस्थे कूपप्रस्रवणादिजे । उदके देशभेदेन गुणान्दोषांश्च लक्षयेत् ।।३७ ।। Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light), Abhiṣyandī, Viśada and Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Action (s): Appetizer. 12.12: Some fact about Nādeya jala 1. Water of rivers having rapid flow is Laghu (Light) and clean. 2. Water of rivers having dull flow is Guru (Heavy) and unhygienic. 3. Water of rivers originating from Himalayas is best. 4. Water of rivers originating from Saha Mountains produces skin diseases and aggravates Vāta and Kapha. 12.13.1: Sarasa jala (Tank water) Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy), Ghana, Abhiṣyandī and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: It aggravates Kapha. Action: Cardiac tonic. Note: 1. It is not good for digestive fire. 2. It produces various types of diseases. 12.13.2: Taḍāga jala (Pond water) Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy), Ghana, Abhiṣyandī and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: It aggravates Kapha. Action: Cardiac tonic. Note: 1. It is not good for digestive fire. 2. It produces various types of diseases. 12.13.3: Kaupa jala (Well water) Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy), Ghana, Abhiṣyandī and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: It aggravates Kapha. Action: Cardiac tonic. Note: 1. It is not good for digestive fire. 2. It produces various types of diseases. 12.13.4: Nairjhara jala (spring water) Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy), Ghana, Abhiṣyandī and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: It aggravates Kapha. Action: Cardiac tonic. Note: 1. It is not good for digestive fire. 2. It produces various types of diseases. Note: The description above is based on water obtained from various sources (river, well or spring) located in ānūhpa deśa. Similarly if water is obtained from various sources (river, well or spring) located in Jangala and Sādhāraṇa deśa, the properties of water is similar to the respective Deśa (habitat). 12.14: Audbīda jala औद्भिद जल विदार्य भूमिं निम्नां यन्महत्या धारया स्रवत् । तत्तोयमौद्भिदं नाम वदन्तीति महर्षयः ।। ३८ ।। औद्भिदं वारि पित्तघ्नमविदाह्यतिशीतलम् । प्रीणनं मधुरं बल्यमीषद्वातकरं लघु ।। ३९ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta. Action: Appetizer and tonic. 12.15: Nairjhara jala नैर्झर जल-Waterfall's water. शैलसानुस्रवद्वारिप्रवाहो निर्झरो झरः । स तु प्रस्रवणश्चापि तत्रस्यं नैर्झरं जलम् ।। ४० ।। नैर्झरं रुचिकृन्नीरं कफघ्नं दीपनं लघु । मधुरं कटुपाकं च वातलं स्यादपित्तलम् ।। ४१ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta and Pitta. Action: Appetizer. 12.16: Sārasa jala सारस जल नद्याः शैलादिरुद्धाया यत्र संस्रुत्य तिष्ठति । तत्सरो जलजच्छन्नं तदम्भः सारसं स्मृतम् ।। ४२ ।। सारसं सलिलं बल्यं तृष्णाघ्नं मधुरं लघु । रोचनं तुवरं रूक्षं बद्धमत्रमलं स्मृतम् ।। ४३ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta. Action: Tonic and appetizer. Therapeutics: Excessive thirst. Note: It obstructs urine and stool. 12.17: Tāḍāga jala ताडागजल प्रशस्तभूमिभागस्थो बहुसंवत्सरोषितः । जलाशयस्तडागः स्यात्ताडाग तज्जलं स्मृतम् ।। ४४ ।। ताडागमुदकं स्वादु कषायं कटुपाकि च । वातलं बद्धविण्मूत्रमसृक्पित्तकफापहम् ।। ४५ ।। Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha but aggravates Vāta. Therapeutics: Epistaxis. Note: It obstructs urine and stool. 12.18: Vāpya jala वाप्य-जल पाषाणैरिष्टिकाभिर्वा बद्धः कूपो बृहत्तरः । ससोपानो भवेद्वापी तज्जलं वाप्यमुच्येते ।। ४६ ।। वाप्यं वारि यदि क्षारं पित्तकृत्कफवातहृत् । तदेव मिष्टं कफकृद्वात्पित्तहरं भवेत् ।। ४७ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kṣāra (alkaline). Effect on Tridoṣa: 1. If Madhura then pacifies Pitta and Vāta but aggravates Kapha. 2. If Kṣāra then pacifies Kapha and Vāta bur aggravates Pitta. 12.19: Kaupa jala कौप-जल भूमौ खातोsल्पविस्तारो गम्भीरो मण्डलाकृतिः । बद्धोsबद्धः स कूपः स्यात्तदम्भः कौपमुच्यतै ।। ४८ ।। कैपं पयो यदि स्वादु त्रिदोषघ्नं हिंतं लघु । तत्क्षारं कफवातघ्नं दीपनं पित्तकृत्परम् ।। ४९ ।। Effect on Tridoṣa: 1. If Madhura then pacifies Pitta, Vāta and aggravates Kapha. 2. If Kṣāra then pacifies Kapha and Vāta bur aggravates Pitta. It is appetizer. 12.20: Chauñjya jala चौञ्जय-जल शिलाकीर्ण स्वयं श्वभ्रं नीलाञ्जनसमोदकम् । लतावितानसंछन्नं चौञ्ज्यमित्यभिधीयते ।। ५० ।। अशमादिभिरबद्धं यत्तच्चौञ्ज्यमिति वापरे । यत्रत्यमुदकं चौञ्जयं मुनिभिस्तदुदाहृतम् ।। ५१ ।। चौञ्ज्यं वह्निकरं नीरं रूक्षं कफहरं लघु । मधुरं पित्तनुद्रुच्यं पाचनं विशदं स्मृतम् ।। ५२ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light), Viśada and Rūkṣa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Actions: Appetizer and digestive. Therapeutics: Constipation. 12.21: Pālvala jala पाल्वल-जल अल्पं सरः पल्वलं स्याद्यत्र चन्द्रर्क्षगे रवौ ।। ५३ ।। न तिष्ठति जलं किञ्चित्तत्रस्यं वारि पाल्वलम् । पाल्वलं वार्य्यभिष्यन्दि गुरु स्वादु त्रिदोषकृत् ।। ५४ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Abhiṣyandī. Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. 12.22: Vikira jala विकिर-जल नद्यादिनिकटे भूमिर्या भवेद्वालुकामयी । उद्भाव्यते ततो यत्तु तज्जलं विकिरं विदुः ।। ५५ ।। विकिरं शीतलं स्वच्छं निर्दोषं लघु च स्मृतम् । तुवरं स्वादु पित्तघ्नं क्षारं तत्पित्तलं मनाक् ।। ५६ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Colic, dyspepsia and burning sensation. 12.23: Kaidāra jala (Water of fields) कैदारजलस्य लक्षणं गुणाश्च केदारः क्षेत्रमुद्दिष्टं कैदारं तज्जलं स्मृतम् । कैदारं वार्य्यभिष्यन्दि मधुरं गुरु दोषकृत् ।। ५७ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Abhiṣyandī. Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. 12.24: Vṛṣṭi jala (Rain water) वृष्टिजलस्य लक्षणं गुशाश्च वार्षिकं तदहर्वृष्टं भूमिस्थमहितं जलम् । त्रिरात्रमुषितं तत्तु प्रसन्नममृतोपमम् ।। ५८ ।। 1. Stagnant rain water is harmful. 2. After three nights, when soils settle, rain water becomes useful. 12.25: Some factṣ about water according to seasons प्रत्येक ऋतुओं के जल के गुणो के भेद हेमन्ते सारसं तोयं ताड़ाग वा हितं स्मृतम् । हेमन्ते विहितं तोयं शिशिरेsपि प्रशस्यते ।। ५९ ।। वसन्तग्रीष्मयोः कोप वाप्यं वा नैर्झरं जलम् । नादेयं वारि नादेयं वसनतग्रीष्मयोर्बुधैः ।। ६० ।। 1. Taḍāga jala is useful in Hemanta and śisira. 2. Nairjhara jala and Kaupa jala are useful in Basanta and Grīṣma. 3. One should not consume Nādeya jala in Varṣā because it is polluted by leaves. 4. Kaupa jala is superoir then Audbhida jala and Divya jala in Varṣā. 12.26: Asmshudaka jala विषवद्वनवृक्षाणां पत्राद्यैर्दूषितं यतः । औद्भिदं चान्तरिक्षं वा कौपं वा प्रावृषि स्मृतम् । शस्त शरदि नादेयं नीरमंशूदकं परम् ।। ६१ ।। दिवा रविकरैर्जुष्टं निश शीतकरांशुभिः । ज्ञेयमंशूदकं नाम स्निग्धं दोषत्रयापहम् ।। ६२ ।। अनभिष्यन्दि निर्दोषमान्तरिक्षजलोपमम् । बल्यं रसायनं मेध्यं शीतं लघु सुधासमम् ।। ६३ ।। शरदि स्वच्छमुदयादगस्त्यस्यखिलं हितम् ।। ६४ ।। पौषे वारि सरोजातं माघे तत्तु तडागजम् । फाल्गुने कूपसंभूतं चैत्रे चौञ्ज्यं हितं मतम् ।। ६५ ।। वैशाखे नैर्झरं नीरं ज्येष्ठे शस्त तथौद्भिदम् । आषाढे शस्यते श्रावणे दिव्यमेव च ।। ६६ ।। भाद्रे कौपं पयः शस्तमाश्विने चौञ्ज्यमेव च । कार्तिके मार्गशीर्षे च जलमात्रं प्रशस्यते ।। ६७ ।। It is water that has been exposed to sun during the day and moon during the night. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light), Anabhiṣyandī and Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Action: Tonic and nootropic. 12.27: Facts about water according to Vṛdha Suśruta 1. Sārasa jala is best in Pūṣa. 2. Taḍāga jala is best in Māgha. 3. Kaupa jala is best in Phāguna. 4. Cauñjaya jala is best in Caita. 5. Nairjhara jala is best in Baiśākha. 6. Audbhida jala is best in Jeṭha. 7. Kaupa jala is best in āśāḍha. 8. Divya jala is best in śrāvaṇa. 9. Kaupa jala is best in Bhādo. 10. Cauñjaya jala is best in Kvāra. 11. All types of water are best in Kārtika and Agahana. 12.28: Time to consume water जल के ग्रहण का समय भौमानामम्भसां प्रायो ग्रहणं प्रातरिष्यते । शीतत्वं निर्मलत्वं च यतस्तेषां मता गुणाः ।। ६८ ।। Bhauma jala should be consumed in early morning because at that time it is fresh. 12.29: Method of consuming water जल पीने की विधि अत्यम्बुपानान्न विपच्यतेsन्नं निरम्बुपानाच्च स एव दोषः । तस्मान्नरो वह्निविवर्धनाय मुहुर्मुहुर्वारि पिबेदभूरि ।। ६९ ।। One should not take water in excess during meals. One should consume small amount of water during meals. In both the cases food does not get digested. 12.30: Cold water जल पीने की विधि अत्यम्बुपानान्न विपच्यतेsन्नं निरम्बुपानाच्च स एव दोषः । तस्मान्नरो वह्निविवर्धनाय मुहुर्मुहुर्वारि पिबेदभूरि ।। ६९ ।। It is fit for apoplexy, Pitta, burning sensation, poisoning, blood diseases, alcoholism, fatigue, vertigo, bronchial asthma, vomiting and bleeding form upper parts of the body. 12.31: Less intake of water शीतल जल पान के विषय मूर्च्छापित्तोष्णदाहेषु विषे रक्ते मदात्यये । श्रमे भ्रमे विदग्धेsन्नो तमके वमथौ तथा । ऊर्ध्वगे रक्तपित्ते च शीतमम्भः प्नशस्यते ।। ७० ।। Anorexia, rhinitis, loss of appetite, edema, phthisis, salivation, abdominal diseases, skin diseases, eye diseases, fever ulcer and diabetes mellitus. 12.32: Necessity of water intake शीतल जल का निषेध पार्श्वशूले प्रतिश्याये वातरेग्र गलग्रहे । आध्माने स्तिमिते कोष्ठे सद्यः शुद्धौ नवज्वरे ।। ७१ ।। अरुचिग्रहणीगुल्मश्वासकोसेषु विद्रधौ । हिक्कायां स्नेहपाने च शीताम्बु परिवर्जयेत् ।। ७२ ।। अल्प पीने के विषय अरोचके प्रतिश्याये मन्देsग्नौ श्वयथौ क्षये । मुखप्रसेके जठरे कुष्ठे नेत्रामये ज्वरे । व्रणे च मधुमेहे च पिबेत्पानीयमल्पकम् ।। ७३ ।। Water is essential for all living being. Hence it should be consumed even in small amounts. 12.33: Views of Harita Excessive thirst is very dangerous because ti leads to death. Hence water is must for all. If a person suffering from excess thirst does not get water, coma may set in and finally death occurs. 12.34: High quality water जल पीने की आवश्यकता जीवनं जीविनां जीवो जगत्सर्वं तु तन्मयम् । नातोsत्यन्तनषेधोन कदाचिद्वारि वार्य्यते ।। ७४ ।। तृष्णा गरीयसी घोरा सद्याः प्राणविनाशिनी । तस्माद् देयं तृषार्त्तायं पानीयं प्राणधारणम् ।। ७५ ।। तृषितो मोहमायाति मोहात्प्राणान्विमुंचति । अतः सर्वास्ववस्पासु न क्वचिद्वारि वारयेत् ।। ७६ ।। 1. Odorless. 2. Avyakta rasa (taste). 3. Not excessively cold. 4. Suppresses thirst. 5. Clear. 6. Laghu (Light). 7. Cardiac tonic. 12.35: High quality water 1. Picchila. 2. Contains worm and insects or mud. 3. Discolored. 4. Abnormal taste. 5. Dense. 6. Foul odor. 7. Contains foreign matter. 8. Which has not been exposed to sun or moon? 9. Which comes in contact with earth immediately after rainfall? 10. It leads to thirst, flatulence, chronic fever, cough, loss of appetite, conjunctivitis, pruritis and goiter. 12.36: Methods to purify water गुणकारी जल अगन्धमव्यक्तरसं सुशीतं तर्षनाशनम् । स्वच्छं लघु च हृद्यं च तोयं गुणवदुच्यते ।। ७७ ।। निन्दित जल पिच्छिलं कृमिलं क्लिन्नं पर्णशैवालदकदमैः । विविर्णं विरसं सान्द्रं दुर्गन्धं न हितं जलम् ।। ७८ ।। कलुषं छन्नमम्भोजपर्णनीलीतृणादिभिः । दुःस्पर्शनमसंस्पृष्टं सौरचान्द्रमरीचिभिः ।। ७९ ।। अनार्त्तवं वार्षिकं तु प्रथमं तच्च भूमिगम् । व्यापन्नं परिहर्त्तव्यं सर्वदोषप्रकोपणम् ।। ८० ।। तत्कुर्य्यात्स्नानपानाभ्यां तृष्णाध्मानचिरज्वरान् । कासाग्निमाद्यभिष्यन्दकण्डूगण्डादिकं तथा ।। ८१ ।। दुषित जल को निर्दोष करने की रीति निंदितं चापि पानीयं क्वथितं सूर्यतापितम् । सुवर्णं रजतं लोहं पाषाणं सिकतामपि ।। ८२ ।। भृशं सन्ताप्य निर्वाप्य सप्तधा साधितं तथा । कर्पूरजातिपुन्नागपाटलादिसुवासतम् ।। ८३ ।। शुचि सांद्रपटस्रावि क्षुद्रजन्तुविर्विजतम् । स्वच्छं कनकमुक्ताद्यैः शुद्धं स्याद्दोषवर्जितम् ।। ८४ ।। पर्णमूलबिसग्रंथिमुक्ताकनकशैवलैः गोमेदेन च वस्त्रेण कुर्य्यादंबुप्रसादनम् ।। ८५ ।। 1. Boil the water. 2. Expose to sunlight. 3. Heat copper, gold, sand or stone and treat with water seven times. 4. Treat with Karpūra, Jaṭī, Punnāga and Pāṭalā. 5. Filter through a thick cloth. 6. Further water should be treated with leaves, roots, viṣagranthi (Root of Kamala), pearl, gold and cloth. 12.37: Digestion of water पिये हुये जल की पाकविधि शीतं जलं जीर्यति याममुग्मात् यामेकमात्राच्छृतशीतलं च । तद्वर्द्धमात्रेण श्रृतं कदुष्णं पयः प्रपाके त्रय एव कालाः ।। ८६ ।। 1. Normally taken water gets digested after six hours. 2. Water that has been cooled after boiling takes three hours for digestion. 3. Boiled water takes one and half hour to digest. CHAPTER 13 Dugdhavarga दुग्धवर्गः 13.1: Dugdha (Milk) दूध के नाम वा गुण दुग्धं क्षीरं पयः स्तन्यं बालजीवनमित्यपि । दुग्धं सुमधुरं स्निग्धं वातपित्तहरं सरम् ।। १ ।। सद्यः शुक्रकरं शीतं सात्म्यं सर्शरीरिणाम् । जीवनं बृंहणं बल्यं मेध्यं वाजिकरं परम । वयःस्थापनामामुष्यं संधिकारि रसायनम् ।। २ ।। विरेकवान्तिवस्तीनां तुल्योजोविवर्द्धनम् ।। ३ ।। जीर्णज्वरे मनोरोगे शोषमूर्च्छाभ्रमेषु च । ग्रहण्यां पाण्डुरोगे च दाहे तृषि हृदामये ।। ४ ।। शूलोदावर्त्तगुल्मेषु बस्तिरोग गुदाङकुरे । रक्तपित्तेsतिसारे च योनिरोगे श्रमे क्लमे ।। ५ ।। गर्भस्रावे च सततं हिंत मुनिवरैः स्मृतम् । बालवृद्धक्षतक्षीणाः क्षुद्व्यवायकृपाश्च ये । तेभ्यः सदातिशयितं हितमेतदुदाहृतम् ।। ६ ।। Synonyms: Bālajīvana, Dugdha, Kṣīra, Payas and Stanya. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Actions: Tonic, nutritive, nootropic and aphrodisiac. Therapeutics: Fractures. 13.2: Indications for Dugdha After therapeutic vomiting purgation and enemata, chronic fever, mental diseases, edema, apoplexy, vertigo, malabsorption, anemia, burning sensation, excessive thirst, heart ailments, colic, flatulence, abdominal tumor, diseases of the urinary bladder, hemorrhoids epistaxis, diarrhoea, diseases of the vagina, lethargy, mescarriage, in old age, childhood and after intercourse. 13.3: Godugdha (Cow milk) गोदुग्ध के गुण गव्यं दुग्धं विशेषेण मधुरं रसपाकयोः । दोषधातुमलस्रोतः किंचित्क्लेदकरं गुरु ।। ७ ।। शीतलं स्तन्यकृत् स्निग्धं वातपित्तास्रनाशनम् । जरासमस्तरोगाणां शांतिकृत्सेविनां सदा ।। ८ ।। कृष्णाया गोर्भवेद् दुग्धं वातहारि गुणाधिकम् ।। ९ ।। पीताया हरते पित्तं तथा वातहरं भवेत् । श्लेष्मलं गुरु शुक्लाया रक्ता चित्रा च वातहृत् ।। १० ।। बालवस्साविवत्सानां गवां दुग्धं त्रिदोषकृत् ।। ११ ।। बष्कयिण्यास्त्रिदोषघ्नं तर्पणं बलकृत्पयः ।। १२ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action (s): Tonic and galacatagouge. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. Note: It nourishes nerves and tissues. 13.4: Dugdha of black cow देश विशेष से गाय के दूध के गुण जाङ्गलानूपशैलेषु चरन्तीनां यथोत्तरम् । पयो गुरुतरं स्नेहो यथाहारं प्रवर्त्तते ।। १३ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Note: It is best. 13.5: Dugdha of yellow cow Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. 13.6: Dugdha of white cow Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. 13.7: Dugdha of red cow Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. 13.8: Milk of mother cow Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta, Kapha and Vāta. 13.9: Milk of Bākharī cow Effect of Tirdoṣa: Pacifies Pitta, Vāta and Kapha. Action: Tonic. 13.10: Cow milk according to habitat Milk of cows living in Jangala desha, Anupa desha and mountains is Guru (Heavy) in increasing order आहार के विशेष से गाय के दूध के कारण स्वल्पान्नभक्षणाज्जातं क्षीरं गुरु कफप्रदम् । तत्तु बल्यं परं वृष्यं स्वस्थानां गुणदायकम् । पलालतृणकार्पासबीजजं रोगिणे हितम् ।। १४ ।। 13.11: Properties of Cow milk according to diet The milk of cow taking food along with feed has following properties: Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Actions: Aphrodisiac and tonic. The milk of cow taking grass and seeds of Karpasa (cotton) is best for patients. भैंस के दूध के गुण माहिषं मधुरं गव्यात्स्निधं शुक्रकरं गुरु । निद्राकरमभिष्यन्दि क्षुधाधिक्यहरं हिमम् ।। १५ ।। 13.12: Mahiṣidugdha (Buffalo milk) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy), Abhiṣyandī and Snigdha. Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Action (s): Spemopiotic and hypnotic. TherapeuticsL Polyphagia 13.13: Ajādugdha (Goat milk) बकरी के दूध के गुण छागं कषायं मधुरं शीतं ग्राहि तथा लघु । रक्तपित्तातिसारघ्नं क्षयकासज्वरापहम् ।। १६ ।। अजानामल्पकायत्वात्कटुतिक्तनिषेवणात् । स्तोकांबुपानाद्व्यायामात्सर्वरोगापहं पयः ।। १७ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Therapeutics: Epistaxis, diarrhoea, phthisis, cough and fever. Note: Since goats feed on bitter and pungent plants, take small amount of water and walk more hence milk is beneficial in all diseases. 13.14: Mṛga dugdha (Milk of she-deer) मृगी (हिरणी) आदि के दूध के गुण भृगीणां जाङ्गलोत्थानामजाक्षीरगुणं पयः ।। १८ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Therapeutics: Epistaxis, diarrhoea, phthisis, cough and fever. 13.15: āvikadugdha (Sheep milk) भेड़ के दूध के कारण आविकं लवणं स्वादु स्निग्धोष्णं चाश्मरिप्रणुत् । अहृद्यं तर्पणं वृष्यं शुक्रपित्तकफप्रदम् । गुरु कासाsनिलोद्भूते केवले चानिले वरम् ।। १९ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Lavaṇa (Salt). Guṇa (Physical property): Snigdha and Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Kapha but pacifies Vāta. Therapeutics: Hair diseases. Note: It is not beneficial for heart. 13.16: Ghoḍīdugdha (Milk of mare) घोड़ी गे दूध के गुण रूक्षोष्णं बडवाक्षषीरं बल्यं शोषानिलापहम् । अम्लं पटु लघु स्वादु सर्वमेकशफं तथा ।। २० ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Lavaṇa (Salt). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action: Tonic. Therapeutics: Consumption. 13.17: Uṣṭrīdugdha (Camel milk) ऊँटनी के दूध के गुण उष्ट्रीदुग्धं लघु स्वादु लवणं दीपनं तथा । कृमिकृष्ठकफानाहशोथोदरहरं सरम् ।। २१ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Lavaṇa (Salt). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Laxative, tonic and appetizer. Therapeutics: Worm infestation, skin diseases, tympanities, edema and abdominal diseases. 13.18: Hastinīdugdha (Elephant milk) हस्तिनी के दूध के गुण बृंहणं हस्तिनीदुग्धं मधुरं तुवरं गुरु । वृष्यं बल्यं हिमं स्निग्धं चक्षुष्यं स्थिरताकरम् ।। २२ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Action: Spermopiotic, tonic and nutritive. Therapeutics: Eye diseases. 13.19: Nārīdugdha (Female milk) स्त्री के दूध के गुण नार्य्या लघु पयः शीतं दीपनं वातपत्तिजित् । चक्षुःशूलाभिघातघ्नं नस्याश्च्योतनयोर्वरम् ।। २३ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Trauma and pain in the eyes. Note: It is best for nasya (nasal administration) and ashchyotana (eye drops) 13.20.1: Fresh cow milk धारोष्ण दूध के गुण धारोष्णं गोपयो बल्यं लघु शीतं सुधासमम् । दीपनं च त्रिदोषघ्नं तद्धाराशिशिरं त्यजेत् ।। 2४ ।। धारोष्णं शस्यते गव्यं धाराशीतं तु माहिषम् । शृतोष्णाविकं पथ्यं शृतशीतमजापयः ।। २५ ।। आमं क्षीरमभिष्यन्दि गुरु श्लेष्मामवर्द्धनम् । ज्ञेयं सर्वमपथ्यं तु गव्यमाहिषवर्जितम् ।। २६ ।। नारीक्षीरं त्वाममेव हितं न तु शृतं हितम् । शृतोष्णं कफवातघ्नं शृतशीतं तु पित्तनुत् ।। २७ ।। अर्द्धोदकं क्षीरशिष्टमामाल्लघुतरं पयः । जलेन रहितं दुग्धमतिपक्वं यथा यथा । तथा तथा गुरु स्निग्धं वृष्यं बलविवर्द्धनम् ।। २८ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Appetizer. 13.20.2: Cold cow milk It is should be discarded. 13.20.3: Cold buffalo milk It is be consumed. 13.20.4: Cold milk after boiling Goat's milk is best. 13.20.5: Boiled sheep milk It is should be consumed. 13.20.6: Raw milk of animals other than cow and buffalo Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Abhiṣyandī. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Note: It is not fit for digestion. 13.20.7: Boiled milk Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. 13.20.8: Cooled boiled milk Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. 13.20.9: Boiled milk and water It is Laghu (Light) as compared to raw milk. 13.20.10: Excessively boiled milk Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Action: Spermopiotic and tonic. 13.21.1: Pīyūaṣa खीश, खोआ, इत्यादि के लक्षण और गुण क्षीरं तत्कालसूताया घनं पीयूषमुच्यते । नष्टदुग्धस्य पक्वस्य पिण्डः प्रोक्तः किलाटकः ।। २९ ।। अपक्वमेव यन्नष्टं क्षीरशाकं हि तत् पयः ।। ३० ।। दध्ना तक्रोण वा नष्टं दुग्धं बद्धं सुवाससा । द्रवभागेन रहितस्तक्रपिण्डः स उच्यते ।। ३१ ।। नष्टदुग्धभवं नीरं मोरटं जेज्जटोsब्रवीत् । पीयूषश्च किलाटं च क्षीरशाकं तथैवच ।। ३२ ।। तक्रपिण्डा इमे वृष्या बृंहणा बलवर्द्धनाः । गुरवः श्लेष्मला हृद्या वातपित्तविनाशनाः ।। ३३ ।। दीप्ताग्नीनां विनिद्राणां विद्रधौ चाभिपूजिताः । मूखशोषतृषादाहरक्तपित्तज्वरप्रणुत् । लघुर्बलकरो रुच्यो मोरटः स्यास्त्सितायुतः ।। ३४ ।। It is milk of cow taken immediately after delivery. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Action: Tonic, nutritive, cardiac tonic and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Abscess and insomnia. 13.21.2: Kilāṭa Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Action: Tonic, nutritive, cardiac tonic and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Abscess and insomnia. 13.21.3: Kṣīraśāka Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Action: Tonic, nutritive, cardiac tonic and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Abscess and insomnia. 13.21.4: Takrapiṇḍa It is obtained by boiling milk and buttermilk. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Action: Tonic, nutritive, cardiac tonic and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Abscess and insomnia. 13.21:5: Moraṭa Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Action: Tonic, nutritive, cardiac tonic and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Abscess and insomnia. 13.21.6: Morata with miśrī Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Therapeutics: Dryness of mouth, thirst, burning sensation, epistaxis and fever. 13.22: Santānikā मलाई के गुण सन्तानिका गुरुः शीता वृष्याः पित्तास्रवातनुत् । तर्पणी बृंहणी स्निग्धा बलासबलशुक्रला ।। 35 ।। It is layer formed on the surface of milk during boiling. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Action: Tonic, nutritive, cardiac tonic and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. 13.23.1: Milk with Sucrose खाँड युक्त दूध के गुण खण्डेन सहितं दुग्धं कफकृत्पवनापहम् । सितासितोपलायुक्तं शुक्रलं त्रिमलापहम् । सगुडं मूत्रकृच्छूघ्नं पित्तश्लेष्मकरंपरम् ।। ३६ ।। Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta but aggravates Kapha. 13.23.2: Milk with Miśrī प्रभात आदि समय का दूध रात्रौ चन्द्रगुणाधिक्याद्व्यायामाकरणात्तथा । प्राभातिकं पयः प्रायः प्रादोषाद् गुरु शीतलम् ।। ३७ ।। दिवाकरकराघाताद्व्यायामानिलसेवनात् । प्राभातिकात्तु प्रादोषं लघु वातकफापहम् ।। ३८ ।। Action: Spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. 13.23.3: Milk with Jaggery Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Dysuria. 13.24: Properties of milk according to time 1. Milk in morning is Guru (Heavy) and śīta (Cold). 2. Milk in evening is Laghu (Light) and pacifies Vāta and Kapha. 13.25: More facts about milk दूध सेवन के समय से विशेष गुण वृष्यं बृंहणमग्निदीपनकरं पूर्वाहँणपीतं पयो मध्याह्ने बलदायकं कफहरं पित्तापहं दीपनम् । बाल्ये वृद्धिकरं क्षयेsक्षयकरं वृद्धेषु रेतोवहं रात्रौ पथ्यमनेकदोषशमनं चक्षुर्हितं संस्मृतम् ।। ३९ ।। वदन्ति पेयं निशि केवलं पयो भौयं न तेनेह सहौदनादिकम् । भवेदजीर्णं न शयीत शर्वरीं क्षीरस्य पीतस्य न शेषमुत्सृजेत् ।। ४० ।। विदाहीन्यन्नपानादि दिवा भुंक्ते हि यन्नरः । तद्विदाहप्रशान्त्यर्थं रात्रौ क्षीरं दा पिबेत् ।। ४१ ।। दीप्तानले कृशे पुंसि बाले वृद्धे पयः प्रिये । मतं हिततमं दुग्धं सद्यः शक्रकरं यतः ।। ४२ ।। 1. Milk taken during first half of day is spermopiotic, tonic appetizer and nutritive. 2. Milk taken during second half of day is tonic and pacifies Kapha. 3. Milk taken during old age acts as tonic. 4. Milk taken during phthisis act as spermopiotic. 5. Milk taken during night time is useful for eyes. 13.26: Mathita dugdha मथे हुए दूध के गुण क्षीरं गब्यमथाजं वा कोष्णं दण्डाहतं पिबेत् । लघु वृष्यं ज्वरहरं वातपित्तकफापहम् ।। ४३ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Spermopiotic. 13.27: Dugdhaphena दूध के फेन (झाग) के गुण गोदुग्धप्रभवं किं वा छागीदुग्धसमुद्भवम् । भवेत्फेनं त्रिदोषघ्नं रोचनं बलवर्द्धनम् ।। ४४ ।। वह्निवृद्धिकरं वृष्यं सद्यस्तृप्तिकरं लघु । अतीसारेsग्निमान्द्ये च ज्वरे जीर्णे प्रशस्यते ।। ४५ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Action: Spermopiotic, tonic and appetizer. Therapeutics: Diarrhoea, loss of appetite and chronic fever. 13.28: Unnatural milk निन्दित दूध विवर्णं विरसं दुर्गन्धं ग्रथितं पयः । वर्जयेदम्ललवणयुक्तं कुष्ठादिकृद्यतः ।। ४६ ।। 1.Discolored. 2. Based taste. 3. Sour. 4. Foul smelling. CHAPTER 14 Dadhivarga दधिवर्गः 14.1: Dadhi (Curd) दध्नः नामानि गुणाश्च दध्युष्णं दीपनं स्निग्धं कषायनुरसं गुरु । पाकेsम्लं श्लासपित्तास्रशोथमेदःकफप्रदम् ।। १ ।। मूत्रकृच्छ्रे प्रतिश्याये शीतगे विषमज्वरे । अतीसारेsरुचौ कार्श्चे शस्यते बलशुक्रकृत् ।। २ ।। Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Amla (Acidic). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Astringent and appetizer. Therapeutics: Dysuria, rhinitis, malaria, diarrhoea, anorexia and emaciation. 14.2: Types of Dadhi दही के भेद आदौ मन्दं ततः स्वादु स्वाद्वम्लं च ततः परम् । अम्लं चतुर्थमत्यम्लं पञ्चमं दधि पञ्चधा ।। ३ ।। 1. Maṇda, 2. Svādu, 3. Svādvamla, 4. Amla and 5. Atyamla. 14.3: Properties of types of Dadhi Manda मन्दादिक दही के लक्षण और गुण मन्दं दुग्धवदव्यक्तरसं किंचिद्धनं भवेत् । मन्दं स्यात्सृष्टविण्मूत्रं दोषत्रयविदाहकृत् ।। ४ ।। यत्सम्यग्घनतां घातं वयक्तस्वादुरसं भवेत् । अव्यक्ताम्लरसं तत्तु स्वादु विज्ञैरुदाहृतम् ।। ५ ।। स्वादु स्यादत्यभिष्यंदि वृष्यं मेदःकफावहम् । वातघ्नं मधुरं पाके रक्कतपित्तप्रसादनम् ।। ६ ।। स्वाद्वम्लं सान्द्रमधुरं कषायानुरसं भवेत् । स्वाद्वम्लस्य गुणा ज्ञेयाः सामान्यदधिवज्जनैः ।। ७ ।। यत्तिरोहिमाधुर्य्य व्यक्ताम्लत्वं तदम्लकम् । अम्लं तु दीपनं पित्तरक्तश्लेष्मविवर्द्धनम् ।। ८ ।। तदत्यम्लं दंतरोमहर्षकण्ठादिदाहकृत् । अत्यम्लं दीपनं रक्तवातपित्तकरं परम् ।। ९ ।। It is like milk, has Avyakta Rasa (taste, which is not expressed) and thick. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Laxative and diuretic. Note: It produces burning sensation. Svādu This type is thick, has Vyakta Madhura rasa (Expressed Sweet taste) and Avyakta Amla Rasa (Acidic taste has not expressed). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Guṇa (Physical property): Abhiṣyandī. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha but pacifies Vāta. Actions: Spremopiotic. Therapeutics: Epistaxis. Note: It leads to obesity. Svādamla It is thick. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Amla (Acidic). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Astringent and appetizer. Therapeutics: Dysuria, rhinitis, malaria, diarrhoea, anorexia and emaciation. Amla Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Appetizer. Note: It aggravates blood diseases. Atyamla It produces smarting in teeth and body and burning in the throat. Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Vāta. Actions: Appetizer. Note: It aggravates blood diseases. 14.4: Curd prepared from cow's milk गौ के दही के गुण गव्यं दधि विशेषेण स्वाद्वम्लं च रुचिप्रदम् । पवित्रं दीपनं हृद्यं पुष्टिकृत्पवनापहम् । उक्तं दध्नामशेषणां मध्ये गव्यं गुणाधिकम् ।। १० ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Amla (Acidic). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Actions: Cardiac tonic, appetizer and nutritive. Therapeutics: Anorexia. 14.5: Curd prepared from buffalo's milk भैंस के दही के गुण माहिषं दधि सुस्निग्धं श्लेष्मलं वातपित्तनुत् । स्वादुपाकमभिष्यंदि वृष्यं गुर्वस्रदूषकम् ।। ११ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy), Abhiṣyandī and Snigdha. Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Actions: Spermopiotic. Note: It aggravates blood diseases. 14.6: Curd prepared from goat's milk बकरी के दही के गुण आजं दध्युत्तमं ग्राहि लघु दोषत्रयापहम् । शस्यते श्वासकासार्शःक्षयकार्श्येषु दीपनम् ।। १२ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light), Abhiṣyandī and Snigdha. Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Astringent and appetizer. Therapeutics: Asthma, cough, hemorrhoids, phthisis and emaciation. 14.7: Curd prepared from boiled milk पक्के दूध के दही के गुण पक्वदुग्धभवं रुच्यं दधि स्निग्धगुणोत्तमम् । पित्तानिलापहं सर्वधात्वग्निबलवर्द्धनम् ।। १३ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Snigdha. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Actions: Appetizer. Note: It boots tissues, digestive fire and strength. 14.8: Curd prepared from stale milk निःसार दूध के दही के गुण असारं दधि संग्राहि शीतलं वातलं लघु । विष्टंभि दीपनं रुच्यं ग्रहणीरोगनाशनम् ।। १४ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta. Actions: Appetizer and astringent. Therapeutics: Malabsorption. Note: It upsets digestion. 14.9: Curd filtered through a cloth गालित दही के गुण गालितं दधि सुस्निग्धं वातघ्नं कफकृद् गुरु । बलपुष्टिकरं रुच्यं मधुरं नातिपित्तकृत् ।। १५ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and slightly aggravates Pitta. Actions: Nutritive, appetiser and tonic. 14.10.1: Curd with sugar शर्करा सहित दही के गुण सशर्करं दधि श्रेष्ठं तृष्णापित्तास्रदाहजित् । सगुडं वातनुद् वृष्यं बृंहणं तर्पणं गुरु ।। १६ ।। Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Therapeutics: Excessive thirst, blood diseases and burning sensation. 14.10.2: Curd with jaggery रात्रि में दही खाना निषिद्ध न नक्तं दधि भुजीत न चाप्यघृतशर्करम् । नामुद्गसूपं नाक्षौद्रं नोष्णं नामलकैर्विना ।। १७ ।। शस्यते दधि नो रात्रौ शस्तं चांबुघृतान्वितम् । रक्तपित्तकफोत्थेषु विकारेषु च नैव तत् ।। १८ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action: Spermopiotic and nutritive. 14.11: Curd at night Curd should not be consumed alone at night. If it is to be consumed it should contain ghee, honey or Mudga or Aamla. It should never be warmed. 14.12: Curd and seasons 1. Curd is best in Hemanta, śiśira and Varṣā. 2. Curd is contraindicated in śarada, Grīṣma and Basanta. 14.13: Curd not consumed according to method ऋतु के विशेष से विधि वा निषेध हेमन्ते शिशिरे चापि वर्षासु दधि शस्यते । शद्ग्रीष्मवसन्तेषु प्रायशस्तद्विगर्हितम् ।। १९ ।। If curd is not consumed according to method it can lead to fever, epistaxis, erysipelas, skin diseases, anemia and vertigo and jaundice. 14.14.1: Sara It is upper thick part of curd that contains fat. Sara with Madhura (Sweet) Rasa बिना विधि से दही सेवन अवगुण ज्वरासृक्पित्तवीसर्पकुष्ठपाण्डवायमभ्रमान् । प्राप्नुयात्कामलां चोग्रां विधिं हित्वा दधिप्रियः ।। २० ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Actions: Spermipiotic. Sara with Amla (Acidic) Rasa सर तथा मस्तु के लक्षण और गुण दध्नस्तूपरि यो भागो घनः स्नेहसमन्वितः । स लोके सर इत्युक्तो दध्नो मण्डस्तु मस्त्विति ।। २१ ।। सरः स्वादुर्गुरुर्वृष्यो वातवह्निप्रणाशनः । सोsम्लो बस्तिप्रशमनः पित्तश्लेष्मविवर्द्धनः ।। २२ ।। मस्तु क्लमहरं बल्यं लघु भक्ताभिलाषकृत् ।। २३ ।। स्रोतोविशोधनं ह्लादि कफतृष्णानिलापहम् । अवृष्यं प्रीणनं शीघ्रं भिनत्ति मलसञ्चयम् ।। २४ ।। Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Diseases of the urinary bladder. 14.14.2: Mastu It is liquid part of curd. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Actions: Laxative and appetizer. Therapeutics: Excessive thirst. Note: It purifies channels of circulation. CHAPTER 15 Takravarga तक्रवर्गः 15.1: Takra (Buttermilk) तक्रस्य नामानि गुणाश्च घोलं तु मथितं तक्रमुदश्विच्छच्छिकापि च । ससरं निर्जलं घोलं मथितं त्वसरोदकम् ।। १ ।। तक्रं पादजलं प्रोक्तमुदश्वित्त्वर्द्धवारिकम् । छच्छिका सारहीना स्यात्स्वच्छा प्रचुरवारिका ।। २ ।। घोलं तु शर्करायुक्तं गुणैर्ज्ञेपं रसालवत् । वातपित्तहरं ह्लादि मथितं कफपित्तनुत् ।। ३ ।। तक्रं ग्राहि कषायाम्लं स्वादुपाकरसं लघु । वीर्योष्णं दीपनं वृष्यं प्रीणनं वातनाशनम् ।। ४ ।। ग्रहण्ययादिमतां पथ्यं भवेत्संग्राहि लाघवात् । किंच स्वादुविपाकित्वान्न च पित्तप्रकोपणम् ।। ५ ।। अम्लोष्णं दीपनं वृष्यं प्रीणनं वातनाशनम् । कषायोष्णविकाशित्वाद्रौक्ष्याच्चापि कफापहम् ।। ६ ।। न तक्रसेवी व्यथते कदाचिन्नं तक्रदग्धाः प्रभवंति रोगाः । यथा सुराणाममृतं सुखाय तथा नरायणां भुवि तक्रसाहुः ।। (अमलेन वातं मधुरेण पित्तं कफं कषायेण निहन्ति सद्यः) ।। ७ ।। उदश्वित्कफकृद्बल्यमामघ्नं परमं मतम् । लच्छिका शीतला लघ्वी पित्तश्रमतृषाहरी । वातनुक्तफकृत्सा तु दीपनी लवणान्विता ।। ८ ।। समुद्धृतघृतं तक्रं पथ्यं लघु विशेषतः ।। ९ ।। स्ताकाद्धृघृतं तस्माद् गुरु वृष्यं कफापहम् । अनुद्धृतघृतं सान्द्रं गुरु पुष्टिकफप्रदम् ।। १० ।। The following are names of Takra according to types: Ghola It contains sara (Cream) to which water has not been added. Mathita It contains sara (Cream). Udaśvita In this type water is added to curd and churned. Chacchikā In this case, first curd is subjected to churining and butter removed. Then water is added (more amount than curd) and churned. 15.2: Properties of types of Takra Ghola Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Note: It resebles with Rasāla in properties. Mathika Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha but aggravates Pitta. Takra Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light), Vikāsī and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Astringent, appetizer and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Malabsorption. Udasvita Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Actions: Digestive and tonic. Chacchikā Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Vāta but aggravates Kapha. Action: Appetizer (if given with Sandhva Namaka). Therapeutics: Fatigue and excessive thirst. 15.3: Buttermilk and Ghee 1. If buttermilk is devoid of ghee, it is Laghu (Light). 2. If buttermilk contains small amount of ghee, it is Guru (Heavy), aggravates Kapha and is spermopiotic. 3. If buttermilk ghee, it is Guru (Heavy), aggravates Kapha and is tonic. 15.4: Use of buttermilk according to Doṣa and Roga दोष और व्याधि से तक्र के गुण वातेsम्लं शस्यते तक्रं शुण्ठीसैन्धवसंयुतम् । पित्ते स्वादु सितायुक्तं व्योषक्षारयुतं कफे ।। ११ ।। हिंगुजीरयुतं घोलं सैन्धवेन च संयुतम् । भवेदतीव वातघ्नमर्शोतीसारहृत्परम् ।। १२ ।। रुचिदं पुष्टिदं बल्यं बस्तिशूलविनाशनम् । मूत्रकृच्छ्रे तु सगुडं पाण्डुरोगे सचित्रकम् ।। १३ ।। 1. If Vāta is aggravated, buttermilk should be given with Suṇṭhī and Sandhava Namaka. 2. If Pitta is aggravated, buttermilk should be given with śarkarā 3. If Kapha is aggravated, buttermilk should be given with Trikaṭu. 4. Buttermilk when given with fried Hiṅgu and Jīraka and Saindhava Namaka is good for diarrhoea and hemorrhoids. It is tonic, nutritive and useful in pain of urinary bladder. 5. Buttermilk when given with Guḍa (Jaggery) is useful in dysuria. 6. Buttermilk when given with Citraka is useful in anemia. 15.5: Usu of Buttermilk कच्चे और पक्के तक्र के गुण तक्रमामं कफं कोष्ठे हन्ति कण्ठे करोति च । पीनसश्वासकासादौ पक्वमेव प्रयुज्यते ।। १४ ।। 1. If in unripe stage, buttermilk pacifies Kapha in the abdomen but aggravates it in the throat. 2. If in ripe form, buttermilk is useful in rhinitis, asthma and cough. 15.6: Indications of Buttermilk तक्र किसे पथ्य है? शीतकालेsग्निमान्द्ये च तथा वातामयेषु च । अरुचौ स्रोतसां रोधे तक्रं स्यादमृतोपमम् ।। १५ ।। तत्तु हन्ति गरच्छर्दि प्रसेकविषमज्वरान् । पांडुमेदोग्रहण्यर्शोमूत्रग्रहभगन्दरान् ।। १६ ।। मेहं गुल्ममतीसारं शूलप्लीहोदरारुचीः । श्वित्रकोष्ठगतव्याधीन् कुष्ठशोथतृषाकृमीन् ।। १७ ।। Winters, low digestive fire, diseases caused by vitiation of Vāta anorexia, blockage in nerves, poisoning, vomiting, salivation, malaria, anemia, abdominal tumor, diarrhoea, colic, diseases of the spleen, abdominal diseases, leucoderma, skin diseases, edema, excessive thirst and worm infestation. 15.7: Contraindications of Buttermilk तक्र का निषेध नैव तक्रं क्षते दद्यान्नोष्णकाले न दुर्बले । न मूर्छाभ्रमदाहेषु न रोगे रक्तपित्तजे ।। १८ ।। यान्युक्तानि दधीन्यष्टौ तद्गुणं तक्रमादिशेत् ।। १९ ।। Winter, phthisis, weak persons, apoplexy, vertigo, burning sensation and epistaxis. 15.8: Buttermilk prepared from cow's milk 18 Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Amla (Acidic). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Actions: Cardiac tonic, appetizer and nutritive. Therapeutics: Anorexia. 15.9: Buttermilk prepared from buffalo's milk 18 Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy), Abhiṣyandī and Snigdha. Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Actions: Spermopiotic. Note: It aggravates blood diseases. 15.10: Buttermilk prepared from goat's milk 18 Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light), Abhiṣyandī and Snigdha. Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Astringent and appetizer. Therapeutics: Asthma, cough, hemorrhoids, phthisis and emaciation. CHAPTER 16 Navanītavarga नवनीतवर्गः 16.1: Navanīta (Butter) नवनीतस्य नमानि गुणाश्च । भ्रक्षणं सरजं हैयङ्गवीनं नदनीतकम् । नवनीतं हितं गव्यं वृष्यं वर्णबलाग्निकृत् ।। १ ।। संग्राहि वातपित्तासृक्क्षयार्शोर्दितकासहृत् । तद्धितं बालके वृद्धे विशेषादमृतं शिशोः ।। २ ।। Synonyms: Brakṣaṇa, Haiyaṅgavīna Saraja. 16.2: Butter prepared from cow's milk भैंस के मक्खन का गुण नवनीतं महिष्यास्तु वातश्लेष्मकरं गुरु । दाहपित्तश्रमहरं मेदःशुक्रविवर्द्धनम् ।। ३ ।। Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Actions: Spermopiotic, alterative, tonic, astringent and appetizer. Therapeutics: Diarrhoea, blood diseases, phthisis, hemorrhoids, facial paralysis and cough. Note: It isparticularly useful for new born, children and old aged people. 16.3: Butter prepared from cow's milk दूध के मक्खन का गुण दुग्धोत्थं नवनीतं तु चक्षुष्यं रक्तपित्तनुत् । वृष्यं बल्यमतिस्निग्धं मधुरं ग्राहि शीतलम् ।। ४ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta and Kapha but Pacifies Pitta. Actions: Spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Fatigue and emaciation. 16.4: Butter extracted for milk Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Singdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Actions: Spermopiotic, tonic adn astringent. Therapeutics: Eye ailments, epistaxis and blood diseases. 16.5: Fresh Butter ताजे मक्खन के गुण नवनीतं तु सद्यस्कं स्वादु ग्राहि हिमं लघु । मेध्यं किंचित्कषायाम्लमीषत्तक्रांशसंक्रमात् ।। ५ ।। Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent) and Amla (Acidic). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Actions: Astringent and nootropic. 16.6: Stale Butter बासी मक्खन के गुण सक्षारकटुकाम्लत्वाच्छर्द्यर्शःकुष्ठकारकम् । श्लेष्मलं गुरु मेदस्यं नवनीतं चिरन्तनम् ।। ६ ।। Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Amla (Acidic). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Note: It produces vomiting, hemorrhoids, skin diseases and obesity. CHAPTER 17 Ghṛtavarga घृतवर्गः 17.1: Ghṛta (Ghee) घृतस्य नामानि गुणाश्च घृतमाज्यं हविः सर्पिः कथ्यन्ते तद्गुणा अथ । घृतं रसायनं स्वादु चक्षुष्यं वह्निदीपनम् ।। शीतवीर्यविषालक्ष्मीपापपित्तानिलापहम् । अल्पाभिष्यन्दि कान्त्तयोजस्तेजोलावण्यवृद्धिकृत् ।। स्वरस्मृतिकरं मेध्यमायुष्यं बलकृद् गुरु । उदावर्त्तज्वरोन्मादशूलानाहव्रणान् हरेत् ।। स्निग्धं कफहरं वृष्यं क्षयवीसर्परक्तनुत् ।। ३ ।। Synonyms: ājya, Haviṣa and Sarpiṣa, Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy), Abhiṣyandī and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Actions: Tonic, appetizer, nootropic and tonic Therapeutics: Poisoning, flatulence, fever, insanity, colic, ulcer, microbial infections, erysipelas and blood diseases. 17.2: Ghee prepared from cow's milk गव्यं घृतम् गव्यं घृतं विशेषेण चक्षुष्यं वृष्यमग्निकृत् । स्वादुपाकरसं शीतं वातपित्तकफापहम् ।। ४ ।। मेधालावण्यकान्त्योजस्तेजोवृद्धिकरं परम् । अलक्ष्मीपापरक्षोघ्नं वयसः स्थापनं गुरु ।। ५ ।। बल्यं पवित्रमायुष्यं सुमंगल्यं रसायनम् । सुगन्धं रोचनं चारु सर्वाज्येषु गुणाधिकम् ।। ६ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Karma: Spermopiotic, appetizer, nootropic, alterative and tonic. Therapeutics: Eye ailments and microbial infections. 17.3: Ghee prepared from buffalo's milk भैंस के घी के गुण माहिषं तु घृतं स्वादु पित्तरक्तानिलापहम् । शीतलं श्लेष्मलं वृष्यं गुरु स्वादु विपच्यते ।। ७ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Karma: Spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. 17.4: Ghee prepared from goat's milk बकरी के घी का गुण आजमाज्यं करोत्यग्निं चक्षुष्यं बलवर्द्धनम् । कासे श्वासे क्षये चापि हितं पाके भवत्कटु ।। ८ ।। Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Appetizer and tonic. Therapeutics: Eye ailments, cough, asthma and phthisis. 17.5: Ghee prpared from camel's milk ऊँटनी के घी का गुण औष्ट्रं कटु घृतं पाके शोषक्रिमिविषापहम् । दीपनं कफवातघ्नं कुष्ठगुल्मोदरापहम् ।। ९ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Karma: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Consumption, worm infestation, poisoning, skin diseases, abdominal tumor and abdominal diseases. 17.6: Ghee prepared from sheep's milk भेड़ के घी का गुण पाके लघ्वावितकं सर्पिः सर्वरोगविनाशनम् ।। १० ।। वृद्धिं करोति चास्थीनामश्मरीकशर्करापहम् । चक्षुष्यमग्निसंधुक्ष्यं वातदोषनिवारणम् ।।११ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Karma: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Eye ailments and calculus. Note: It increases density of bones. 17.7: Ghee prepared from women's milk नारीघृत कफेsनिले योनिदोषे पित्ते रक्ते च तद्धितम् । चक्षुष्यमाज्यं स्त्रीणां वासर्पिः स्यादमृतोपमम ।।१२ ।। Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Blood diseases and eye ailments. 17.8: Ghee prepared from mare's milk बड़वाघृतम् वृद्धि करोति देहाग्नेर्लघु पाके विषापहम् । तर्पणं नेत्ररोगघ्नं दाहनुद् वडवाघृतम् ।। १३ ।। Karma: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Eye ailments, burning sensation and poisoning. 17.9: Ghee prepared from milk दूध से निकला घृत घृत दुग्धभवं ग्राहि शीतलं नेत्ररोगहृत् । निहन्ति पित्तदाहास्रमदमूर्चभ्रमानिलान् ।। १४ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Karma: Dipana (Appetizer). Therapeutics: Colic, constipation, fever, insanity, tympanites and ulcer. 17.10: Ghee prepared from elephant's milk हैयंगवीन के गुण हविर्ह्यस्तनदुग्धोत्थ तस्याद्धैयङ्गवीनकम् । हैयङ्गवीनं चक्षुष्यं दीपनं रुचिकृत्परम् ।। बलकृद् बृंहणं वृष्यं विशेषाज्ज्वरनाशनम् ।। १५ ।। Karma: Appetizer, tonic, febrifuge and nutritive. Therapeutics: Eye ailments. 17.11: Old Ghee prepared from milk पुराणघृत वर्षादूर्ध्व भवेदाज्यं पुराणं तत्त्रिदोषनुत् । मूर्च्छाकुष्ठविषोन्मादापस्मारतिमिरापहम् ।। १६ ।। यथा यथाखिलं सर्पिः पुराणमधिकं भवेत् । तथा तथा गुणैः सर्वैरधिकं तदुदाहृतम् ।। १७ ।। It has been preserved for more than one year. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Apoplexy, skin diseases, poisoning, insanity, epilepsy and night blindness. 17.12: Indications for new Ghee नया घी कहाँ देना चाहिए योजयेन्नवमेवाज्यं भोजने तर्पणे श्रमे । बलक्षये पाण्डुरोगे कामलानेत्ररोगयोः ।। १८ ।। Meals, hard work, general debility, anaemia, jaundice and eye ailments. 17.12: Contraindications for Ghee अपथ्यघृत राजयक्ष्मणि बाले च वृद्धे श्लेष्मकृते गदे ।। १९ ।। रोगे सामे विषूच्यां चं विबन्धे च मदात्यये । ज्वरे च दहने मन्दे न सर्पिर्बहु मन्यते ।। २० ।। Children, old aged, tuberculosis, diseases caused by vitiation of Kapha, indigestion, cholera, constipation, alcoholism, fever and low digestive fire. CHAPTER 18 Mūtravarga मूत्रवर्गः 18.1: Gomūtra (Cow urine) गोमूत्रम् गोमूत्रं कटु तीक्ष्णोष्णं क्षारं तिक्तकषायकम् । लघ्वग्निदीपनं मेघ्यं पित्तकृत्कफवातहृत् ।। शूलगुल्मोदरानाहकम्ड्वक्षिमुखरोगजित् । किलासगदवातामबस्तिरुक्कुष्ठनाशनम् । कासश्वासापहं शोतकामलापाण्डुरोगहृत् ।। २ ।। कण्डूकिलासगुदशूलमूखाक्षिरोगान् गुल्मातिसारमरुदामयमूत्ररोधान् । कासं सरुष्ठजठरक्रिमिपाण्डुरोगान् गोमूत्रमेकमपि पीतमपाकरोति ।। ३ ।। सर्वेष्वपि च मूत्रेषु गोमूत्रं गुणतोsधिकम् । ओतो विशेषात्कथने मूत्रं गोमूत्रमुच्यते ।। ४ ।। प्लीहोदरश्वासकासशोथवर्चोग्रहापहम् ।। शूलगुल्मरुजानाहकामलापाण्डुरोगहृत् कषायं कटु तीक्ष्णं च पूरणात्कर्णशूलनुत् ।। ६ ।। Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy), Tīkṣṇa and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Vāta but aggravates Kapha. Actions: Nootropic and appetizer. Therapeutics: Colic, abdominal diseases, diarrhoea, flatulence, pruritis, eye-ailments, diseases of the throat, skin diseases, indigestion, diseases of the urinary bladder, cough, asthma, edema, jaundice, dysuria and anemia. 18.2: Human urine नरमूत्रगुणाः नरमूत्रं गरं हन्ति सेवितं तद्रसायनम् । रक्तपामाहरं तीक्ष्णं सक्षारलवणं स्मृतम् ।। ७ ।। Rasa (Taste): Lavaṇa (Salt). Guṇa (Physical property): Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Therapeutics: Blood ailments, poisoning and scabies. 18.3: Some facts about urine मूत्र किसका लेना चाहिए? गोजाविमहिषीणां तु स्त्रीणां मूत्रं प्रशस्यते । खरोष्ट्रेभनराश्वानां पुंसां मूत्रं हितं स्मृतम् ।। ८ ।। 1. In case of urine of cow, goat and buffalo, female is preferred. 2. In case of ass, camel, elephant, human and horse, male is preferred. CHAPTER 19 Tailavarga 19.1: Taila (Oil) तैलवर्गः तिलादिस्निग्धवस्तूनां स्नेहस्तैलमुदाहृतम् । तत्तु वातहरं सर्वं विशेषात्तिलसम्भवम् ।। १ ।। तिलतैलं गुरु स्थैर्य्यबलवर्णकरं सरम् । वृष्यं विकाशि विशदं मधुरं रसपाकयोः ।। २ ।। सूक्ष्मं कषायानुरसं तिक्तं वातकफापहम् । वीर्य्येणोष्णं हिमं स्पर्शे बृंहणं रक्तपित्तकृत् ।। ३ ।। लेखनं बद्धविण्मूत्रं गर्भाशयविशोदनम् । दीपनं बुद्धिदं मेध्यं व्यवायि व्रणमेहनुत् ।। ४ ।। श्रोत्रयोनिशिरःशूलनाशनं लघुताकरम् । त्वच्यं केश्यं च चक्षुष्यमभ्यङ्गे भोजनेsन्यथा ।। ५ ।। छिन्नभिन्नच्युतोत्पिष्टमथितक्षतपिच्चिते । भग्नस्फुटितविद्धाग्निदग्धविशिलष्टदारिते ।। ६ ।। तथाभिहतनिर्भुग्नमृगव्याघदिविक्षिते । बस्तौ पानेsन्नसंस्कारे नस्ये कर्णाक्षिपूरणे ।। ७ ।। सेकाभ्यङ्गावगाहेषु तिलतैलं प्रशस्यते ।। ८ ।। Taila is obtained from Snigdha part of Tila and other durgs, hence known as Taila. All types of oils pacify Vāta. 19.2: Tila taila (Seasum oil) गुणाधिकता घृतमब्दात्परं पक्वं हीनवीर्य्यं प्रजायते । तैलं पक्वमपक्वं वा चिरस्थायि गुणाधिकम् ।। ९ ।। Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Haevy), Vikāsī, Viśada, Sūkṣma and Vyavāyī. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Actins: Tonic, alterative laxative, aphrodisiac, nutritive, appetizer, nootropic, Therapeutics: Obesity, polyuria, diarrhoea, ulcer, sugar in urine, pain in ear, vagina and head, beneficial form skin, hair and eyes, fractures, dislocation, sprains, trauma, for enema, massage and nasya (nasal administration of drugs). Note: It is causes epistaxis. 19.3: Some facts about Tila taila Tila taila has two opposite properties viz it is nutritive and at same time it sets up emaciation. When aperson consumes Rūkṣa foods in excess, it aggravates Vāta, which sets up contraction in channels of circulation. As a result Rasa is not formed properly as a result the series leading to formation of successive tissues is hindered and emaciation sets in. Tila taila because of Vikāsī, Viśada, Sūkṣma and Vyavāyī properties open the blockage of channels of circulation as a result formation of successive tissues begins. Also due to Vikāsī, Viśada, Sūkṣma and Vyavāyī properties, the oil reduces fat slowly. Also Tila taila acts as laxative as well as astringent. 19.4: Oil and Ghee Ghee that has ben kept for more then a year it becomes less potent. However this is not true for oils. 19.5: Sarṣapa taila (Mustrad oil) सरसों का तैल दीपनं सार्षपं तैलं कटुपाकरसं लघु ।। १० ।। लेखनं स्पर्शवीर्योष्णं तीक्ष्णं पित्तास्रदूषकम् । कफमेदोनिलार्शोघ्नं शिरःकर्णामयापहम् ।। ११ ।। कंडूकुष्ठकृमिश्वित्रकोठदुष्टक्रिमिप्रणुत् । तद्वद्राजिकयोस्तैलं विशेषान्मूत्रकृच्छ्रकृत् ।। १२ ।। Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Actions: Tonic, alterative laxative, aphrodisiac. nutritive, appetizer, nootropic, Therapeutics: Obesity, hemorrhoids, headache, diseases of the ear, pruritis, skin diseases, worm infestation, leucoderma and urticaria. 19.6: Kalajai taila (Linseed oil) Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Actions: Tonic, alterative laxative, aphrodisiac. nutritive, appetizer, nootropic, Therapeutics: Obesity, hemorrhoids, headache, diseases of the ear, pruritis, skin diseases, worm infestation, leucoderma and urticaria. तुवरी तैल तीक्ष्णोष्णं तुवरीतैलं लघु ग्राहि कफास्रजित् । बह्निकृद्विषहृत्कंडूकुष्ठकोठक्रिमिप्रणुत् । मेदोदोषापहं चापि व्रणशोथहरं परम् ।। १३ ।। 19.7: Tuvraka taila (Hyndocarpus oil) Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Actions: Astringent. Therapeutics: Blood diseases, pruritis, urticaria, worm infestation and obesity. 19.8: Alasī taila (Linseed oil) अलसी का तेल अतसीतैलमाग्नेयं स्निग्धोष्णं कफपित्तकृत् । कटुपाकमचक्षुष्यं बल्यं वातहरं गुरु ।। १४ ।। मलकृद्रसतः स्वादु ग्राहि त्वग्दोषहृद् घनम् । बस्तौ पाने तथाsभ्यङ्गे नस्ये कर्णस्य पूरणे । अनुपानविधौ चापि प्रयोज्यं वातशान्तये ।। १५ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Tonic, laxative. Therapeutics: Eye diseases, pruritis, urticaria, worm infestation, obesity, massage and nasya (nasal administration of drugs). 19.9: Kusumbha taila कुसुम के तेल के गुण कुसुम्भतैलमल्लं स्यादुष्णं गुरु विदाहि च । चक्षुर्भ्यामहितं बल्यं रक्तपित्तकफप्रदम् ।। १६ ।। Rasa (Taste): Amla (Acidic). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Action: Tonic. Note: It lead to epistaxis. 19.10: Khas beeja taila पोस्ते के तैल के गुण तैलं तु स्वसपीजानां बल्यं गुरु स्मृतम् । वातहृत्कफहृच्छीतं स्वादुपाकरसं च तत् ।। १७ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Actions: Tonic and aphrodisiac. 19.11: Eraṇḍa taila (Castor oil) अरण्ड तैल के गुण एरण्डतैलं तीक्ष्णोष्णं दीपनं पिच्छिलं गुरु । वृष्यं त्वच्यं वयःस्थापि मेधाकान्तिबलप्रदम् ।। १८ ।। कषायानुरसं सूक्ष्मं योनिशुक्रविशोधनम् । विस्रं स्वादु रसे पाके सतिक्तं कटुकं सरम् ।। १९ ।। विषमज्वरहृद्रोगपृष्ठगुह्यादिशूलनुत् । हन्ति वातोदरानाहगुल्माष्ठलाकटिग्रहान् ।। २० ।। वातशोणितविड्बन्धब्रध्नशोथामविद्रधीन् । आमतवातगजेन्द्रस्य शरीरवनचारिणः । एक एव निहन्तायमेरम्डस्नेहकेसरी ।। २१ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy), Tīkṣṇa, Sūkṣma and Picchila. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action: Laxative. Therapeutics: Malaria, heart aliments, lumbago, colic, flatulence, abdominal tumor, enlarged prostate, gout, constipation, hernia, edema, indigestion and abscess. 19.12: Sarjarasa taila राल के तेल के गुण तैलं सर्ज्जरसोद्भूतं विस्फोटव्रणनाशनम् । कुष्ठपामाकृमिहरं वातश्लेषमामयापहम् ।। २२ ।। Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Furunculosis, ulcer, skin diseases, pruritis and worm infestation. 19.13: Taila in general सर्व तैलों के गुण तैलं स्वयोनिगुणकृद्वाग्भटेनाखिलं मतम् । अतः शेषस्य तैलस्गुणा ज्ञेयाः स्वयोनिवत् ।। २३ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Sara. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Karma: Balya. Therapeutics: Oil is used for massage, enema, nasal administration, vehicle for medicines and skin diseases. CHAPTER 20 Sandhānavarga सन्धानवर्गः 20.1.1: Kāñjī काञ्जिकस्य लक्षणं गुणाश्च सन्धितं धान्यमण्डादिकाञ्जिकं कथ्यते जनैः । काञ्जिकं भेदि तीष्णोष्णं रोचनं पाचनं लघु ।। १ ।। दाहज्वरहरं स्पर्शात्पानाद्वातकफापहम् । माषादिवटकैर्यत्तु क्रियते तद्गुणाधिकम् ।। २ ।। लघु वातहरं तत्तु रोचनं पाचनं परम् । शूलाजीर्णविबन्धामनाशनं बस्तिशोधनम् ।। ३ ।। शोषमूर्च्छाभ्रमार्त्तानां मदकण्डूविशोषिणाम् । कुष्ठिनां रक्तपित्तानां काञ्जिकं न प्रशस्यते ।। ४ ।। It is obtained by keeping Dhānya Maṇḍaka in a vessel containing water. The vessel is covered is covered with lid for three days. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Action: Laxtive, appetizer and digestive, Therapeutics: Fever and burning sensation. 20.1.2: Kāñjī prepared from Māṣa Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) . Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Action: Appetizer and digestive. Therapeutics: Colic, dyspepsia and constipation. Note: It purifies the urinary bladder. 20.2: Contraindications of Kāñjī पाण्डुरोगे यक्ष्मरोगे तथा शोषातुरेषु च । क्षतक्षीणे तथा श्रान्ते मन्दज्वरनिपीडिते । एतेषां न हितं प्रोक्तं काञ्जकं दोषकारकम् ।। ५ ।। Alcoholism, pruritis, skin diseases, epistaxis, anemia, tuberculosis, consumption, fatigued and fever. 20.3: Tuṣodaka तुषोदकस्य लक्षणं गुणाश्च तुषोदकं यवैरामैः सतुषैः शकलीकृतैः ।। ६ ।। तुषाम्बु दीपनं हृद्यं पाण्डुक्रिमिगदापहम् । तीक्ष्णोष्णं पाचनं पित्तरक्तद्वस्तिशूलनुत् ।। ७ ।। It is obtained by subjecting pieces of yava and its husk to fermentation. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta. Actions: Appetizer, cardiac tonic and digestive. Therapeutics: Pain in urinary bladder, anemia and worm infestation. Note: It aggravates blood diseases. 20.4: Sauvīra सौवीरस्य लक्षणं गुणाश्च सौवीरं तु यवैरामैः पक्वैर्वा निस्तुषैः कृतम् । गोधूमैरपि सौवीरमाचार्य्याः केचिदूचिरे ।। ८ ।। सौवीरं तु ग्रहण्यर्शः कफघ्नं भेदि दीपनम् । उदावर्त्ताङ्गमर्दास्थिशूलानाहेषु शस्यते ।। ९ ।। It is obained by subjecting pieces of unripe and ripe Yava and its husk to fermentation. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) Tīkṣṇa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Actions: Laxtive and appetizer. Therapeutics: Malabsorption, hemotthoids, flatulence, pains the body and bones. 20.5: āranāla आरनालस्य लक्षणं गुणाश्च आरनालं तु गौधूमैरामैः स्यान्निस्तुषीकृतैः । पक्वैर्वा सन्धितैस्तत्तु सौवीरसदृशं गुणैः ।। १० ।। It is obtained by subjecting pieces of Godhūma and its husk to fermentation. Guṇa (Physical property): Tīkṣṇa. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Actions: Laxtive and appetizer. Therapeutics: Malabsorption, hemotthoids, flatulence, pains the body and bones. 20.6: Dhānyāmla धान्याम्लस्य लक्षणं गुणाश्च धान्याम्लं शालिचूर्णाच्च कोद्रवादिकृतं भवेत् । धान्याम्लं धान्ययोनित्वात्प्रीणनं लघु दीपनम् । अरुचौ वातरोगेषु सर्वेष्वास्थापने हितम् ।। ११ ।। It is obained by subjecting powder of śāli and Kodo (it is type of Dhānya) to fermentation. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Actions: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Anorexia and enema. 20.7: śiṇḍākya शिण्डाक्याः लक्षणं गुणाश्च शिण्डाकी राजिकायुक्तः स्यान्मूलकदलद्रवैः ।। १२ ।। सर्षपस्वरसैर्वापि शालिपिष्टकसंयुतैः । शिण्डाकीरोचनी गुर्वी पित्तश्लेष्मकरी स्मृता ।। १३ ।। It is obtained by subjecting powder of śāli and expressed juice of Sarṣapa or leaves of Mūlika with Kālājājī to fermentation. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Appetizer. 20.8: śukta शुक्तस्य लक्षणं गुणाश्च कन्दमूलफलादीनि सस्नेहलवणानि च । यत्र द्रवेsभिषूयन्ते तच्छुक्तमभिधीयते ।। १४ ।। शुक्तं कफघ्नं तीक्ष्णोष्णं रोचनं पाचनं लघु । पाण्डुक्रिमिहरं रूक्षं भेदनं रक्तपित्तकृत् ।। १५ ।। It is obatained by dissolving roots, corms and fruits (along with oil and salt) in a liquid and subjectiog to fermentation. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light), Rūkṣa and Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Actions: Appetizer, laxative and digestive. Therapeutics: Anaemia and worm infesation. Note: It leads to epistaxis. 20.9: āsuta आसुतस्य लक्षणं गुणाश्च कन्दमूलफलाढ्यं यत्तत्तु विज्ञेयमासुतम् । तद्रुच्यं पाचनं वातहरं लघु विशेषतः ।। १६ ।। It is tyle of kāñjī containing roots, corms and fruits. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Actions: Appetizer and digestive. 20.10: Madya मद्यस्य नामानि, लक्षणम्, गुणाश्च मद्यं तु सीधुर्मैरेयमिरा च मदिरा सुरा । कादम्बरी वारुणी च हापि बलवल्लभा ।। १७ ।। पयं यन्मादकं लोके तन्मद्यमभिधीयते । यथारिष्टं सुरासीधुरासवाद्यमनेकधा ।। १८ ।। मद्यं सर्वं भवेदुष्णं पित्तकृद्वातनाशनम् । भेदनं शीघ्रपाकं च रूक्षं कफहरं परम् ।। १९ ।। अम्लं च दीपनं रुच्यं पाचनं चाशुकारि च । तीक्ष्णं सूक्ष्मं च विशदं व्यावायि च विकाशि च ।। २० ।। Synonyms: Hala, Madirā, Madya, Surā, and Vāruṇī. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light), Rūkṣa, Tīkṣṇa, Sūkṣma, Viśada, Vyvāyī and Vīkāsī. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta but pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Actions: Appetizer, laxative, digestive. 20.11: Ariṣṭa अरिष्टस्य लक्षणं गुणाश्च पक्वौषधाम्बुसिद्धं यन्मद्यं तत्स्यादरिष्टकम् । अरिष्टं लघु पाकेन सर्वतश्च गुणाधिकम् ।। २१ ।। अरिष्टस्य सुधा ज्ञेया बीजद्रव्यगुणैः समाः ।। २२ ।। It is a type of Madya, obained from processed drug and water. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Note: The property of Ariṣṭa depends on the drug used for the preparation. 20.12: Surā सुरायाः लक्षणं गुणाश्च शालिषष्टिकपिष्टाद्यैः कृतं मद्यं सुरा स्मृत । सुरा गुर्वी बलस्तन्यपुष्टिमेदःकफप्रदा । ग्राहिणी शोथगुल्मार्शोग्रहणीमूत्रकृच्छ्रनुत् ।। २३ ।। It is type of Madya, obtained from powders of śāli and ṣaṣṭika. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Actions: Galacatagouge, nutritive and astringent. Therapeutics: O Edema, abdominal tumor, hemorrhoids, malabsorption and dysuria. 20.13: Vāruṇī वारुण्या लक्षणं गुणाः पुनर्नवाशालिपिष्टिविहिता वारुणी स्मृता । संहितैस्तालखर्जूररसैर्या सापि वारुणी । सुरावद्वारुणी लघ्वी पीनासाध्मानशूलनुत् ।। २४ ।। It is type of Surā obatained from śāli and punarnavā. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Actions: Galacatagouge, nutritive and astringent. Therapeutics: O Edema, abdominal tumor, hemorrhoids, malabsorption, dysuria, rhinitis, flatulence and colic. 20.14: Sīdhu द्विविधसीधुलक्षणं गुणाः इक्षोः पक्वै रसैः सिद्धः सीधुः पक्वरसश्च सः । आमैस्तैरेव यः सीधुः सचशीतरसः स्मृतः ।। २५ ।। सीधुः पक्वरसः श्रेष्ठः स्वराग्निबलवर्णकृत् । वातपित्तकरः सद्यः स्नेहनो रोचनो हरेत् ।। २६ ।। विबन्धमेदःशोफार्शः शोषोदरकफामयान् तस्मादल्पगुणः शीतरसः संलेखनः स्मृतः ।। २७ ।। It is a type of Surā obtained from boiled Ikṣu. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta and Pitta. Actions: Alterative, appetizer, demulcent and tonic. Therapeutics: Fever, constipation, obesity, edema, hemmorrhoids and abdominal swelling. 20.15: āsava आवलक्षणं गुणाश्च यदपक्वौषधाम्बुभ्यां सिद्धं मद्यं स आसवः ।। २८ ।। आसवस्य गुणा ज्ञेया बीजद्रव्यगुणैः समाः ।। २९ ।। It is type of Madya, obtained from unprocessed drug and water. Note: The property of āsava depends on the drug used for the preparation. 20.16.1: New Madya नवपुराणमदिरा गुणाः मद्यं नवमभिष्यन्दि त्रिदोषजनकं सरम् । अहृद्यं बृंहणं दाहि दुर्गन्धं विशंद गुरु ।। ३० ।। जीर्णं तदेव रोचिष्णु कृमिश्लेष्मानिलापहम् । हृद्यं सुगंधिगुणवल्लघु स्त्रोतोविशोधनम् ।। ३१ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Abhiṣyandī and Vīśada Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Actions: Laxative and nutritive. Note: 1. It is foul smelling. 2. It is harmful to heart. 20.16.2: Old Madya Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Vāta and Kapha. Actions: Appetizer and cardiac tonic. Therapeutics: Worm infestation. Note: 1. It has agreeble smelling. 2. It puririers channels of circulation. 20.17: Effect of Madya on Satva, Raja and Tama सात्त्विकादिमनुष्याणां मद्येन जाताश्चेष्टाः सात्त्विके गीतहास्यादि राजसे साहसादिकम् । तामसे निन्द्यकर्माणि निद्रां च मदिरी चरेत् ।। ३२ ।। 1. In Satva people, Madya induces songs and laughing. 2. In Raja people, Madya induces courage. 3.In Tama people, Madya induces sleep and criticizing. 20.17: Use of Madya मद्यपानप्रकारः विधिना मात्रया काले हितैरन्नैर्यथाबलम् । प्रहृष्टो यः पिबेन्मद्यं तस्य स्यादमृतं यथा ।। ३३ ।। Madya is very useful if taken in right manner. it should be consumed according to good mood, appropriate foods and capacity. 20.17: Methods to prevent foul smell of Madya मद्यगन्धस्य दूरीकरणोपायः मुस्तैलवालगदजीरकधान्यकैला यश्चर्वयन् सदसि वाचमभिव्यनक्ति । स्वाभाविकं मुखजमुज्झति पूतिगन्धगन्धं च मद्यलशुनादिभवं च नूनम् ।। ३४ ।। A person consuming Madya should suck Nāgarmothā, Kūṭha, Jīraka, Dhānya and Ela for preventing foul smell. CHAPTER 21 Madhuvarga मधुवर्गः 21.1: Madhu (Honey) मधुनः नामानि गुणाश्च मधु माक्षिकमाध्वीकक्षौद्रसारघमीरितम् । मक्षिकावरटीभृङ्गवान्तं पुष्परसोद्भवम् ।। १ ।। मधु शीतं लघु स्वादु रूक्षं ग्राहि विलेखनम् । चक्षुष्यं दीपनं व्रणशोधनरोपणम् ।। २ ।। सौकुमार्य्यकरं सूक्ष्मं परं स्त्रोतोविशोधनम् । कषायानुरसं ह्लादि प्रसादजनकं परम् ।। ३ ।। वर्ण्यं मेधाकरं वृष्यं विशदं रोचन हरेत् । कुष्ठार्शःकासपित्तास्त्रकफमेहक्लमक्रिमीन् ।। ४ ।। मेदस्तृष्णावमिश्वासहिक्कातीसारविड्ग्रहान् । दाहक्षतक्षयांस्तत्तु योगवाह्यल्पवातलम् ।। ५ ।। Synonyms: Bhṛṅgavānta, Kṣudara, Mādhvīka, Mākṣika, Mākṣikavānta, Puṣparasodhava, Sāragha, Vānta and Varaṭī. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light), Sūkṣma and Viṣada. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but aggravates Vāta Slightly. Actions: Tonic, astringent, appetizer, styptic, alterative, nootropic and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Skin diseases, demorrhoids, cough, blood diseases, polyuria, worm infestation, obesity, excessive thirst, vomiting, asthma, hiccough, diarrhoea, constipation, burning sensation, consumption and phthisis. Note: 1. Honey is yogavāhī (it has synergistic action with other drugs). 2. It purifies channels of circulation. 21.2: Types of Madhu मधु के भेद माक्षिकं भ्रामरं क्षौद्रं पौत्तिकं छात्रमित्यपि । आर्घ्यमौद्दालकन्दालमित्यष्टौ मधुजतयः ।। ६ ।। माक्षिकाः पिङ्वर्णास्तु महत्यो मधुमक्षिकाः । ताभिः कृतं तैलवर्ण माक्षिकं परिकीर्त्तितम् ।। ७ ।। माक्षिकं मधुषु श्रेष्ठं त्रामयहरं लघु । कामलार्शः क्षतश्वासकासक्षयविनाशनम् ।। ८ ।। किंचित्सूक्ष्मैः प्रसिद्धेभ्यः षट्पदेभ्योsलिभिश्चितम् । निर्मलं स्फटिकाभं यत्तन्मधु भ्रामरं स्मृतम् ।। ९ ।। भ्रामरं रक्तपित्तघ्नं मूत्रजाड्यकरं गुरु । स्वादुपाकमभिष्यन्दि विशेषात्पिच्छिलं हिमम् ।। १० ।। मक्षिकाः कपिकाः सूक्ष्माः क्षुद्राख्यास्तत्कृतं मधु । मुनिभिः क्षौद्रमित्युक्तं तद्वर्णात्कपिलं भवेत् । गुणैर्माक्षिकवत् क्षौद्रं विशेषान्मेहनाशनम् ।। ११ ।। कृष्णा या मशकोपमा लधुतरा प्रायो महापीडीका वृक्षाणां पृथुकोटरान्तरगताः पुष्पासवं कुर्वते । तास्तज्ज्ञैरिहि पुत्तिका निगदिमास्ताभिः कृतं सर्पिषा । तुल्यं यन्मधुतद्वनेचरजनैः संकीर्त्तितं पौत्तिकम् ।।१२ ।। पौत्तकि मधु रूक्षोष्णं पित्तदाहास्त्रवातकृत् । विदाहि मेहकृच्छ्रघ्नं ग्रंथ्यादिक्षतशोषि च ।। १३ ।। वरटाः कपिलाः पीताः प्रायो हिमवतो वने ।। १४ ।। कुर्वन्ति छत्रकाकारं तज्जं छात्रं स्मृतम् । छात्रं कपिलपीतं स्यात् पिच्छिलं शीतलं गुरु ।। १५ ।। स्वादुपाकं कृमिश्वित्ररक्तपित्तप्रमेहजित् । भ्रमतृण्मोहविषहृत्तर्पणं च गुणाधिकम् ।। १६ ।। मधूकवृक्षनिर्यासं जरत्कार्वाश्रमोद्भवम् । स्त्रवत्यार्घ्यं तदाख्यातं श्वेतकं मालवे पुनः ।। १७ ।। तीक्ष्णतुण्डास्तु याः पीता मक्षिकाः षट्पदोपमाः । अर्ध्यास्तास्तत्कृतं यत्तदार्घ्यमित्यपरे जगुः ।। १८ ।। आर्घ्यं मध्वतिचक्षुष्यं कफपित्तहरं परम् । कषायं कटुकं पाके तिक्तं च बलपुष्टिकृत् ।। १९ ।। प्रायो वल्मीकमध्यस्थाः कपिलाः स्वल्पकीटकाः । कुर्वन्ति कपिलं स्वल्पं तस्यादौद्दालकं मधु ।। २० ।। औद्दालकं रुचिकरं स्वर्य्यं कुष्ठविषापहम् । कषायमुष्णमम्लं च कटुपाकं च पित्तकृत् ।। २१ ।। संस्त्रत्य पतितं पुष्पाद्यत्तु पत्रोपरि स्थितम् । मधुराम्लकषायं च तद्दालं मधु कीर्तित्ततम् ।। २२ ।। दालं मधु लघु प्रोक्तं दीपनीयं कफापहम् । कषायानुरसं रूक्षं रुच्यं छर्दिप्रमेहजित् ।। २३ ।। अधिकं मधुरं स्निग्धं बृंहणं गुरु भारिकम् ।। २४ ।। 1. Mākṣika 2. Bhramara, 3. Kṣaudra, 4. Pautika, 5. Chatra, 6. Adhraya, 7, Auddālaka and 8. Dala. 21.3: Mākṣika It is produced by yellow coloured flies and resembles oil in colour. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Therapeutics: Jaundice, hemorrhoids, consumption, phthisis, asthma and cough. 21.4: Bhramara It is produced by small insects having six feet and resembles Sphaṭika Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Pichila. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Therapeutics: Epistaxis. 21.5: Kṣaudra It is produced by black coloured flies known as Kṣaudra. Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Therapeutics: Jaundice, hemorrhoids, consumption, phthisis, asthma, polyuria and cough. 21.6: Pautika It is produced by black coloured flies konwn as pūtika. The flies are small like that of mosquitoes and produces painful stinging. The honey resembles with Ghee. Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta and Vāta. Therapeutics: Nodules, ulcers, polyuria and dysuria. 21.7: Chatra It is obtained from black and yellow coloured flies living in Himalayas. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Picchila. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Actions: Appetizer, laxative and digestive. Therapeutics: Worm infestation, leucoderma, epistaxis, polyuria, vertigo, excessive thirst and poisoning. 21.8: Adhraya It is produced by yellow coloured flies known as Adhraya. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent) and Tikta (Bitter). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta. Actions: Tonic and nutritive. Therapeutics: Eye ailments. 21.9: Auddālaka It is produced by small insects haveing black colour. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent) and Amla (Acidic). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Pitta. Actions: Appetizer. Therapeutics: Hoarseness of the voice. 21.10: Dala It is obatained from flowers and gets collected on leaves. Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent) and Amla (Acidic) and Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Actions: Appetizer, tonic and nutritive. Theraputics: Vomiting and polyuria. 21.12: Surā It is type of Madya, obtained from powders of śāli and ṣaṣṭika. Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Actions: Galacatagouge, nutritive and astringent. Therapeutics: O Edema, abdominal tumor, hemorrhoids, malabsorption and dysuria. 21.11.1: New Madhu नवीन और पुराणे (प्राचीन) मधु के गुण नवं मधु भवेत्पुष्ट्यै नातिश्लेष्महरं सरम् । पुराणं ग्राहकं रूक्षं मेदोघ्नमतिलेखनम् ।। २५ ।। मधुनः शर्करायाश्च गुडस्यापि विशेषतः एकसवंत्सरेsतीते पुराणत्वं स्मृतं बुधैः ।। २६ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Abhiṣyandī and Viṣada Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha. Actions: Laxative and nutritive. 21.11.2: Old Madhu Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa. Actions: Astringent. Therapeutics: Obesity. 21.12: Some facts about Madhu, śarkarā and Guḍa शीत और उष्ण मधु के गुणदोष विषपुष्पादपि रसं सविषा भ्रमरादयः । गृहीत्वा मधु कुर्वन्ति तच्छीतं गुणवन्मधु ।। २७ ।। विषान्वयात्तदुष्णं तु द्रव्येणोष्णेन वा सह । उष्णार्त्तस्योष्णकाले च स्मृतं विषसमं मधु ।। २८ ।। All three are konwn as one year old after time slan of one year. 21.13: Use of Madhu If Madhu is given with foods with Uṣṇa potency, during winters or persons effected witht, is acts like poison. 21.14: Moma (Wax) मोमनामानि गुणाश्च मयनं तु मधूच्छिष्टं मधुशेषं च सिक्थकम् । मध्वाधारो मदनकं मधूषितमपि स्मृतम् ।। २९ ।। मदनं मृदु सुस्निग्धं भूतघ्नं व्रणरोपणम् । भग्संधाानकृद्वातकुष्ठवीसर्परक्तजित् ।। ३० ।। Synonyms: Madhūcchiṣṭa, Madhuśeṣa, Madhusiktha, Madhvādhāra, Madanaka, Mayana and Sikthaka. Guṇa (Physical property): Snigdha and Mṛdu. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Actions: Styptic. Theraputics: Microbial infections, ulcer, fractures, skin diseases, erysipelas and blood diseases. CHAPTER 22 Ikṣuvarga इक्षवर्गः 22.1: Ikṣhu (Saccharum officinarum) इक्षुनामानि गुणाश्च इक्षुर्दीर्घच्छदः प्रोक्तस्तथा भूरिरसोsपि च । गुडमूलोsसिपत्रश्च तथा मधुतृणः स्मृतः ।। १ ।। इक्षवो रक्तपित्तघ्ना बल्या वृष्याः कफप्रदाः । स्वादुपाकरसाः स्निग्धा गुरवो मूत्रला हिमाः ।। २ ।। Synonyms: Asipatra, Bhūrirasa, Dīrghacchada, Guḍamula, Ikṣu and Madhutṛṇa. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Snigdha and Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Actions: Tonic, diuretic and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Epistaxis. 22.2: Types of Ikṣu ईख के भेद पौण्ड्रको भीरुकश्चापि वंसकः शतपोरकः । कान्तारस्तापसेक्षुश्च काण्डेक्षुः सूचिपत्रकः ।। ३ ।। नैपालो दीर्घपत्रश्च नीलपोरोsथ कोशकृत् । मनोगुप्ता च इत्येता जातयस्तत्र कीर्त्तिताः ।। ४ ।। वातपित्तप्रशमनो मधुरो रसपाकयोः । सुशीतो बृंहणो बल्यः पौण्ड्रको भीरुकस्तथा ।। ५ ।। कोशकारो गुरुः शीतो रक्तपित्तक्षयापहः ।। ६ ।। कान्तरेक्षुर्गरुर्वृष्यः श्लेष्मलो बृंहणः सरः ।। ७ ।। शतपर्वा भवेत्किञ्चित्कोशकारगुणान्वितः । विशेषात्किञ्चिदुष्णश्च सक्षारः पवनापहः ।। ९ ।। तापसेक्षुर्भवेन्मृद्वी मधुरा श्लेष्मकोपनी । तर्पणी रुचिकृच्चापि वृष्या च बलकारिणी ।। १० ।। एवं गुणैस्तु काण्डेक्षुः स तु वातप्रकोपाः ।। ११ ।। सूचीपत्रो नीलपोरो नैपालो दीर्घपत्रकः । वतालाः कफपित्तघ्नाः सकषाया विदाहिनः ।। १२ ।। मनोगुप्ता वातहरी तृष्णामयविनाशिनी । सुशीता मधुरातीव रक्तपित्तप्रणाशिनी ।। १३ ।। बाल इक्षुः कफं कुर्यान्मेदोमेहकरश्च सः । युवा तु वातहृत्स्वादुरीक्षत्तीक्ष्णश्च पित्तनुत् । रक्तपित्तहरो वृद्धः क्षयहृद्वलवीर्यकृत् ।। १४ ।। मूले तु मधुरोsत्यर्थं मध्येsपि मधुरः स्मृतः । अग्रे ग्रंथिषु विज्ञेय इक्षुः पटुरसो जनैः ।। १५ ।। 1. Pauṇdraka, 2. Bhīruka, 3. Va*śaka, 4. śataporaka, 5. Kāntāra, 6. Tapasekṣu, 7. Sūcipatraka, 8. Naipāla, 9. Dirghapatra, 10. Nīlopora, 11. Koṣkṛta and 12. Manoguprā. 22.3: Pauṇdraka Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Actions: Tonic and nutritive. 22.4: Kośakṛta Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Actions: Tonic and nutritive. Therapeutics: Epistaxis and phthises. 22.5: Kāntāra Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Actions: Spermopiotic, laxative and nutritive. Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. 22.6: Va*śaka It has lengthy internodes. Guṇa (Physical property): Kaṭhina. Note: It is alkaline 22.7: śataporaka Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Actions: Tonic and nutritive. Therapeutics: Epistaxis and phthisis. 22.8: Bhīruka Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Snigdha and Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Actions: Tonic, appetizer and spermopiotic. 22.9: Kāṇdekṣu Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Snigdha and Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha and Vāta. Actions: Tonic, appetizer and spermopiotic. 22.10: Sūcīpatraka Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta but Aggravates Vāta. Therapeutics: Polydipis and epistaxis. Note: It is vidāhī. 22.12: Nīlapora Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta but Aggravates Vāta. Therapeutics: Polydipis and epistaxis. Note: It is vidāhī. 22.13: Naipāla Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta but Aggravates Vāta. Therapeutics: Polydipis and epistaxis. Note: It is vidāhī. 22.14: Dīrghapatrā Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta but Aggravates Vāta. Therapeutics: Polydipis and epistaxis. Note: It is vidāhī. 22.15: Manogupta Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Therapeutics: epistaxis. 22.15: Properties of Ikṣu according to stages Unripe Ikṣu (Early stage) Effect on Tridoṣa: Aggravates Kapha. Note: It produces obesity and polyuria. Unripe Ikṣu (Intermediate stage) Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Ripe Ikṣu (Intermediate stage) Actions: Spermopiotic and tonic. Therapeutics: Epistaxis and phthisis. 22.16: Properties of Ikṣu according to stages 1.Roots are excessively Madhura (Sweet). 2. Middle part is Madhura (Sweet). 3. Upper parts and nodes are Lavaṇa (Salt). 22.17: Juice of Ikṣu expressed by teeth बालक, युवा और वृद्ध ईख के गुण बाल इक्षुः कफं कुर्यान्मेदोमेहकरश्च सः । युवा तु वातहृत् स्वादुरीषत्तीक्ष्णश्च पित्तनुत् । रक्तपित्तहरो वृद्धः क्षतहृद्, बलवीर्यकृत् ।। १६ ।। Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta but Aggravates Kapha. Therapeutics: Blood diseases. 22.17: Juice of Ikṣu expressed by machine ईख के अंगभेद से गुणो में भेद मूले तु मधुरोsत्यर्थं मध्येsपि मधुरः स्मृतः । अग्रे ग्रंथिषु विज्ञेय इक्षुः पटुरसो जनैः ।। १७ ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy), Vidāhī and viṣṭambhī. 22.18: Juice of stale I*ksu चूसी हुई ईख के गुण दन्तनिष्पीडितस्यक्षो रसः पित्तास्त्रनाशनः । शर्करासमवीर्य्यः स्यादविदाही कफप्रदः ।। १८ ।। Rasa (Taste): Amla (Acidic). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta but aggravates Kapha and Pitta. Actions: Diuretic and laxative. Note: It produces consumption. 22.19: Juice of ripe Ikṣu कोह्लू से पिले हुये रस के गुण मूलाग्रजं तु ग्रन्थ्यादिपीडनान्मलसंकरात् । किंचित्कालविधृत्या च विकृतिं याति यांत्रिकः ।। १९ ।। तस्माद्विदाही विष्टंभी गुरुः स्याद्यान्त्रिको रसः ।। २० ।। Guṇa (Physical property): Rūkṣa Snigdha and excessively Tīkṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Karma: Diuretic. Therapeutics: Abdominal diseases and tympanites. 22.20: Foods prepared from juice of Ikṣu बासी रस के गुण रसः पर्य्युषितो नेष्टो ह्यम्लो वातापहो गुरुः । कफपित्तकरः शोषी भेदनश्चातिमूत्रलः ।। २१ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Karma: Tonic, laxative and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Excessive thirst, burning sensation, apoplexy, blood diseases and poisoning. 22.21: Phāṇita पक्के ईख के रस के गुण पक्वो रसो गुरुः स्निग्धः सुतीक्ष्णः कफवातनुत् । गुल्मानाहप्रशमनः किञ्चित्पित्तकरः स्मृतः ।। २२ ।। It contains partly concentrated juice of Ikṣu and partly liquid part. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Abhiṣyandī. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Karma: Tonic, laxative and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Fatigue. Note: It purifies the urinary bladder. 22.22: Matsyāṇḍī ईख के रस से बने हुये पदार्थ के गुण इक्षोर्विकारास्तृड्दाहमूर्च्छापित्तास्त्रनाशनाः । गुरवो मधुरा बलयाः स्निग्धा वातहराः सराः । वृष्या मोहहराः शीता बृंहणा विषहारिणः ।। २३ ।। It contains more concentrated juice of Ikṣu and less liquid part. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Karma: Tonic, laxative and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Diseass of the blood. 22.23: Guḍa (Jaggery) राब के लक्षण और गुण इक्षो रसस्तु यः किञ्चिद्गाढो बहुद्रवः । स एवेक्षुविकारेषु ख्यातः फणितसंज्ञया ।। २४ ।। फाणितं गुर्वभिष्यन्दि बृंहणं कफशुक्रकृत् । वातपित्तश्रमान्हन्ति मूत्रबस्तिविशोधनम् ।। २५ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta but aggravates Kapha. Karma: Tonic and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Worm infestation. Note: 1. It purifies urinary bladder. 2. It leads to obesity. 22.24: Old Guda मत्स्यण्डी के लक्षण और गुण इक्षो रसो यः सम्पक्वो घनः किञ्चिद्द्रवान्वितः । मन्दं यत्स्यन्दते तस्मान्मत्स्यण्डीति निगद्यते ।। २६ ।। मत्स्यण्डी भेदिनी बल्या लघ्वी पित्तानिलापहा । मधुरा बृंहणी वृष्या रक्तदोषापहा स्मृता ।। २७ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property) Laghu (Light) and Abhiṣyandī. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta. Karma: Nutritive, alterative and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Worm infestation. 22.25: New Guḍa Karma: Appetizer. Note: It leads to cough, asthma and worm infestation. 22.26: Use of Guḍa as vehicle गुड़ के लक्षण और गुण इक्षो रसो यः सम्पक्वो जायते लोष्ठवद्दृढः । सगुडो गौडदेशे तु मत्स्यण्ड्येव गुडो मतः ।। २८ ।। गुडो वृष्यो गुरुः स्निग्धो वातघ्नो मूत्रशोधनः । नातिपित्तहरो मेदःकफक्रिमिबलप्रदः ।। २९ ।। 1. If given with Adraka, Guḍa tackles Kapha. 2.If given with Harītakī, Guḍa tackles Pitta. 3. If given with Suṇṭhī, Guḍa tackles Vāta. 22.27: Khāṇḍa खाँड के गुण खण्डं तु मधुरं वृष्यं चक्षुष्यं बृंहणं हिमम् । वातपित्तहरं स्निग्धं बल्यं वान्तिहरं परम् ।। ३३ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Karma: Nutritive, alterative and spermopiotic. Thterapeutics: Eye diseases and vomiting. 22.28: śarkarā चीनी (शक्कर) के लक्षण और गुण खण्डं तु सिकतारूपं सुश्वेतं शर्करा सिता । सिता सुंमधुरा रुच्या वातपित्तास्रदाहहृत् । मूर्च्छछर्दिज्वरान् हन्ति सुशीता शुक्रकारिणी ।। ३४ ।। पुराने गुड़ के गुण गुडो जीर्णो लघुः पथ्योsनभिष्यन्द्यग्निपुष्टिकृत् । पित्तघ्नो मधुरो वृष्यो वातघ्नोsसृक्प्रसादनः ।। ३० ।। नवीन गुड़ के गुण गुडो नवः कफश्वासकासक्रिमिकरोsग्निकृत् ।। ३१ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Karma: Appetizer and spermopiotic. Therapeutics: Burning sensation, blood diseases, apoplexy, vomiting and fever. अनुपान भेद से गुड़ के गुण श्लेष्माणमाशु विनिहन्ति सहार्द्रकण पित्तं निहन्ति च तदेव हरीतकीभिः । शुण्ठ्या समं हरति वातमशेषमित्थं दोषत्रयक्षयकराय नमो गुडाय ।। ३२ ।। 22.29.1: śarkarā prepared from flower 31 Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Therapeutics: Epistaxis. 22.29.2: Miśrī मिश्री के नाम और गुण सिता पुष्पसिता वृष्या रक्तपित्तहरी लघुः । सितोपला सरा लघ्वी वातपित्तहरी हिमा ।। ३५ ।। Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pitta. Actions: Laxative. 22.29.3: śarkarā prepared from Madhu मधु की खाँड के गुण मधुजा शर्करा रूक्षा कफपित्तहरी गुरुः । छर्द्यतीसारतृदड्दाहरक्तहृत्तुवरा हिमा ।। ३६ ।। Rasa (Taste): Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śita (Cold). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Kapha and Pitta. Therapeutics: Vomiting, diarrhoea, excessive thirst, burning sensation and blood diseases. 22.30: Some facts परिभाषा यथा यथैषां नैर्मल्यं मधुरत्वं यथा यथा । स्नेहलाघवशैत्यानि सरत्वं च तथा तथा ।। ३७ ।। As Madhura (Sweet) Rasa increase in the products described above, they become more Snigdha, śīta (Cold) and laxative CHAPTER 23 Anekārthavarga As wr have studied in pervious chapter, that some drug are of controversial origin Single name may stand for more than none drug. As in Bhāvaprakāśa Nighaṇṭu, some Synonyms are missing but they have been documented in other Nighaṇṭūs. The purpose of this chapter is to assemble synonyms of drugs (Whether present or missing in Bhāvprakāśa Nighaṇṭhu). 23.1: Two drugs having same synonym 1. Aśmantaka: Amlaloṇikā and Kovidāra. 2. Kaṭhillaka: Kāravella and Raktapunarnavā. 3. Kulaka: Paṭola and Kupīlu. 4. Kośātakī: Mahākośātakī and Rājakośātakī. 5. Cukrikā: Amlikā and Cāṅgerī. 6. Dīpyaka: Yavānī and Ajamodā. 7. Marubaka: Phaṇijjaka and piṇdītaka. 8. Madhūlikā: Mūrvā and jalayaṣthī. 9. Rūcakama: Sauvarcala and Bījapūraka. 10. Loṇikā: Loṇīśaka and Cāṅgeriśāka. 11. Vasuka: Raktārka and Kṣāralavaṇa. 12. Vāhlīkam: Ku*kuma and Hiṅgu. 13. Svādukaṇṭaka: Gokṣura and Vikaṅkata. 14. Vitunnaka: Dhānyāka and Tuttha. 15. Agnimukhī: Bhallātaka and Lāṅgalī. 16. Agniśikhā: Ku*kuma and Kusumbha. 17. Ajaśriṅgi: Meṣaśriṇgī and Karkaṭaśriṅgī. 18. Priṅgyu: Phalinī and Kaṅganī. 19. Bhṛṅga: Bhṛṅgarāja and Tvak. 20. Samaṅgā: Maṅjiṣthā and Lajjālu. 21. Amogha: Viḍaṅga and Pāṭalā. 22. Mocā: Kadalī and śālmali. 23. Kunaṭī: Dhanikā and Manaḥśilā. 24. Kuṭainnaṭa: Syonāka and Kaivarti mustaka. 25. Ghoṇṭā: Pūga and Badarī. 26. Dantaśaṭha: Jambīra and Kapittha. 27. śaṭī: Karcūra and Gandhapalāśi. 28. Tripuṭā: Tṛvṛta and Sūkṣmaila. 29. Aruṇa: Mañjiṣṭhā and Ativiṣā. 30. Kaṇā: Pippalī and Jīraka. 31. Tālaparṇī: Muśalī and Murā. 32. Piluparṇī: Murvā and Bimbī. 33. Brāhmaṇī: Bhāraṅgī and Spṛkkā. 34. Aparājitā: Viṣṇukrāntā and śālaparṇī. 35. āsphotā: Apārajitā and Sārivā. 36. Pārāvātapadī: Jyotiṣmatī and Kākajaṅghā. 37. śāradī: śārivā and Jalapippalī. 38. Ugragandhā: Vacā and Yavānī. 39. Parivyādha: Karṇikāra and Jalavetaka. 40. āñjana: Sratoañjana and Sauvīra. 41. Agni: Gitraka and Bhallātaka. 42. Kṛmigana: Viḍaṅga and Haridrā. 43. Tejana: śaro, Veṇa. 43. Tejanī: Tejasvinī and Mūrvā. 44. Rocana: Kampillaka and Rocanā. 45. Romanā: Goromana and Raktotpala. 46. Rājādana: Kṣīrikā and priyāla. 47. śakutādanī: Kaṭukā and Jalapippalī. 48. Golomi: śvetadūrvā and vacā. 49. Padmā: Padmacāriṇī and Bhārāṅgī. 50. śyāmā: Sārivā and Priyaṅgu. 51. Uttamā: Triphalā and Sarvatobhadrā. 52. Dhānyama: Dhānyāka and śāli. 53. Sahasravīryā: Nīladūrva and Mahāśatāvarī. 54. Sevya: Uśīra and Lāmajjaka. 55. Udumbara: Jantuphala and Tāmra. 56. Indrī: Indravāruṇī and Indrāṇī. 57. Kaṭa*bharā: Kaṭukā and śyonāka. 58. Kṣāra: Yavakṣāra and Sarjjikākṣāra. 59. Gaṇḍīra: Gaṇḍārī and Mañjiṣṭā. 60. Gāndhārī: Durālabhā and Gandhapalāsī. 61. Citrā: Indravārūṇī and Vṛhaddantī. 62. Tuṇḍikerī: Kārpāsī and Bimbī. 63. Dhīrā: Guḍūcī and Kṣīrakākolī. 64. Bālapatra: Khadira and Yavāsa. 65. Vāri: Bālaka and Udaka. 66. Aṅgāravallī: Bhāraṅgī and Guñjā. 67. Amṛṇāla: Lāmajjaka and Uśīra. 68. Kuṇḍalī: Guḍūcī and Kovidāra. 69. Gandhaphalī: Priyaṅyu and Campakakalikā. 70. Dirghamūla: Yavāsa and śāliparṇī. 71. Picchilā: śālmalī and śi*śipā. 72. Poṭagala: Nala and Kāka. 73. Dhavaphala: Kuṭaja and Karīra. 74. Devī: Mūrvā and Spṛkkā. 75. Viśvā: Suṇṭhī and Ativiṣā. 76. śītaśiva: Saindhava and Miśreyā. 77. Karkaśa: Kāmpillaka and Kāsamarda. 78. Carmakaṣā: śātalā and Mā*sarohiṇī. 79. Nandivṛkṣa: Aśvatthabheda and Gomukhapatraśākha. 80. Paya: Ksīra and Udaka. 81. Ruhā: Dūrvā and Mā*sarohiṇi. 82. Si*hī: Vṛhati and Vāsā. 83. Kataka: Viḍalavaṇa and Nirmalī phala. 84. Kaṭakaḍhya: Kubjaka and śālmalī. 85. Yakṣadhūpa: Sarala niryāka and Rāla. 86. Drāviḍī: śaṭī and Sūkṣmailā. 87. Haṭṭvilākinī: Haridrā and Nakhī. 88. Tilaparṇa: Raktacandana and Granthiparṇa. 89. Madhura: Jīvaka and Jīvanīyagaṇa. 90. Lohadrāvaṇī: Gaṇḍadūrvā and Amlaveta. 91. Nāginī: Tāmbūla and Nāgapuṣpī. 92. Mṛdurecanī: Trivṛta and Mārkaṇḍikā. 93. Naṭa: śyonāka and Aśoka. 94. Vanaspati: Vāṭa and Nandīvṛkṣa. 95. Mandāra: śvetārka and Mahānimba. 96. Ambuja: Kamala and lijjala. 97. Kavarā: Barbarī and Hiṅguputrī. 98. Kumārī: Ghṛtakumārī and śatapatrī. 99. Varatiktā: Pāṭhā and Parpaṭa. 100. Citraka: Eraṇḍa and Analanāmā. 101. Yajñīya: Khadira and Palāśa. 102. Raktabīja: Ariṣṭaka and Kandurī. 103. Kṣāraśreṣṭha: Palāśa and Mokṣaka. 104. śvetapuṣpa: śvetārka and Indravāruṇī. 105. Tuvarī: Saurāṣṭrī and āḍhakī. 106. Kumbhikā: Pūgaphala and Vāriparṇī. 107. Rājaputrikā: Reṇukā and Jātī. 108. Raktapuṣpa: Raktārka and Kandūrī. 109. Saptalā: Sātalā and Vāsantī. 110.Viṣmuṣṭikā: Mahānimba and Viṣatinduka. 111. Raktaphalā: Suvarṇavallī and Vāṭa. 112. Candrahāsā: Guḍucī and Lakṣmaṇā. 23.2: Three drugs having same synonym 1. Kramuka: Pūga, Tūda and Paṭṭikā lodhara. 2. Kṣruaka: Kokilākṣa, Gokṣura and Tilakapuṣpa. 3. Priyaka: Priaṅgu, Kadamba and Asana. 4. Pṛthvīkā: Kālājājī, Bṛhadelā and Hiṅgupatrī. 5. Bhṛiṅga: Bhṛṅgarāja, Tvak and Bhramara. 6. Somavalka: Kaṭphala, śvetakhadira and Ghṛtapūrṇakarañja. 7. Saugandhika: Kalhāra, Kttṛṇa and Gaṅdhaka. 8. Ariṣṭa: Nimba, Rasona and Madyañcā. 9. Markaṭī: Kapikachu, Apāmārga and Karañjī. 10. Ambaṣṭhā: Pāṭhā, Cāṅgerī and Mācikā. 11. Kṛṣṇā: Pippalī, Kālājājī and Nīlī. 12. Kṣīriṇī: Dugdhikā, Kṣīrakākolī and śvetasārivā. 13. Madhuparṇī: Guḍūcī, Gambhārī and Nīlī. 14. Maṇḍūkaparṇa: śyonāka, Mañjiṣṭhā and Brahmamaṇḍūkī. 15. śrīparṇī: Gambhārī, Gañikārikā and Katphala. 16. Amṛtā: Guḍūcī, Harītakī and Dhātrī. 17. Anantā: Durālabhā, Nīladūrva and Lāṅglī. 18. ṛṣyaproktā: Atibalā, Mahāśatāvarī and Kapikachū. 19. Bhūtīka: Bhūnimba, Kattṛṇa and Bhūṣtṛṇa. 20. Kṛṣṇavṛntā: Pāṭal, Gambhārī and Māṣparṇī. 21. Jīvantī: Guḍūcī, śākaviśeṣa and Vandā. 22. Latā: Sārivā, Priyaṅgu and Jyotiṣmatī. 23. Samudrāntā: Durālabhā, Kārpāsa and Spṛkkā. 24. Haimavatī: Harītakī, śvetavacā and Pītadugdhā. 25. Avyathā: Harītakī, Mahāśrāvaṇī and Padmacāriṇī. 26, ṣaḍgranṭhā: Vacā, Gandhapalāśī and Karañjī. 27. Varadā: Suvarcalā, Aśwagandhā and Vārāhī. 28. Ikṣugandhā: Kāśa, Kokilākṣa and Ksīravidārī. 29. Kālaskandha: Tamāla, Tinduka and Kālakhadira. 30. Mahauṣdham: śuṇṭhī, Rasona and Viṣa. 31. Madhu: Kṣaudra, Puṣparasa and Madya. 32. Kapītana: āmrātaka, śīriṣa and Garbhāṇḍa. 33.Madana: Piṇḍītaka, Dhattūra and Sikthakañja. 34. śataparvā: Va*śa, Dūrvā and Vacā. 35.śahasravedhī: Amlavetasa, Mṛgamada and Hiṅgu. 36.Tāmrapuṣpī: Dhātakī, Pāṭalā and śyāmātrivṛt. 37.Sadāpuṣpa: śvetārka, Raktārka and Kunda. 38. Surabhi: śallakī, Bhurā and Elavāluka. 39. Laksmī: ṛddhi, Vṛddhi and śamī. 40. Kālānusārya: Kāliyaka, Tagara and śaileya. 41. Cāmpeya: Campaka, Nāgakeśara and padmakeśara. 42. Nādeyī: Gaṇikārikā, Jalajambu and Jalavetasa. 43. Pākya: Viḍa, Sauvarcala and Yavasṣāra. 44. Viśalyā: Indralāṅgalī, Guḍūcī and Laghudantī 45. Indradru: Kakubha, Devadāru and Kuṭaja. 46. Kāśmīra: Ku*kuma, Puṣkaramūla and Kuṭaja. 47. Gundrā: Paṭeraka, śara and Muñja. 48. Gundarā: Priyaṅgu, Bhadramustaka and Mustaka. 49. Cukra: Patrāmla, Amlavetasa and Vṛkṣāmla. 50. Pāribhadra: Nimba, Pārijāta and Devadāru. 51. Pātadīru: Haridrā, Devadāru and Sarala. 52. Vīra: Kakubha, Vīraṇa and Kākolī. 53. Vīrataru: Kakubha, Vīraṇa and śaraśca. 54. Mayūra: Apāmārga, Ajamodā and Tuttha. 55. Raktasāra: Raktacandana, Pataṅga and Khadira. 56. Badara: Suvarcalā, Aśwagandhā and Vārāhī. 57. Baśira: Raktāpāmārga, Gajapippalī and Samudra lavaṇa. 58. Sauvīra: Añjanabheda, Badara and Sandhānabheda. 59. Vañjula: Aśoka, Vetasa and Tiniśa: 60: śilā: Manaḥśilā, śilājatu and Gairika. 61: Somavallī: Bākucī, Guḍūcī and Brāhmī. 62. Akṣīva: śobhāñjana, Mahānimbu and Samudra lavaṇa. 63. Kāravī: Kālājājī, śatāhvā and Ajamodā. 64. Dhāmārgava: Raktāpāmārga, Rājakośātakī and Mahākośātakī. 65. Duḥsparśa: Yavāsa, Kapikacchū and Kaṇṭakārī. 66. Palāśa: Ki*śuka, Gandhapalāsī and Patra. 67. Kālameṣī: Mañjiṣṭhā, śyāmā and Bākucī. 68. Palaṅkaṣā: Guggulu, Gokṣura and Lākṣā. 69. Madhurasā: Drākṣā, Mūrvā and Gā*bhārī. 70. Rsā: Rāsnā, śallakī and Pāṭhā. 71. śreyasī: Harītakī, Rāsnā and Gajapippalī. 72. Loha: Ayaḥ, Kā*sya and Aguru. 73. Sahā. Mudagaparṇī, Balā and śatapatrī. 74. Suvahā: Rāknā, Nākulī and Sinduvāra. 75. Kaṭhillaka: Kāravellaka, Raktapunarnavā and Kṛṣṇabarbarī. 76. Madhūlikā: Mūrvā, Yaṣṭhī and Madhūka. 77. Vitunnaka: Dhānyaka, Tuttha and Gonarda. 78. Devī: Spṛkkā, Mūrvā and Karkoṭī. 79. Vasuka: śi amalli, śvetārka and Romaka, 80. Gaṇḍīra: Gaṇḍadūrvā, śāka and Mañjiṣṭhā. 81. Lāñgalī: Kalihārī, Jalapippalī and Nārikela. 82. Picchilā: śi*śapā, śālmalī and Bhūtavṛkṣa. 83. Mahāsahā: Māṣparṇī, Amlātaka and Kubjaka. 84. Candrikā: Methī, Ca*draśūra and śvetakaṇṭakārī. 23.3 Four drugs having same synonym 1. śvetapuṣpā: Indrāyaṇa, Sambhālūa, śvetārka and Kaṭsaraiyā. 2. Kāravī: Kālājājī, Miśreya, Ajamodā and Kālājīrā. 3. Ambaṣṭhā: Pāṭhā, Cāṅerī, Mācikā and Yūthikā. 23.4 Many drugs having same synonym Akṣa: Kālānaka, Bibhītaka, Karṣa ( a measurement unit), Padmākha, Rudrākṣa, śakṭa (motot), Indriya and Pāśāka (gambling). Kāka: Kākamācī, Kākolī, Raktaguñjā, Kakajañghā, Kākanāsā, Kākodumbara and Kāka. Nāga: Sarpa, Dvirada, Meṣa, śīśā, Nāgakeśara, Nāgavallī and Nāgadantī. Rasa: Mā*sa rasa, Drava (liquid), Ikṣu rasa, Pārada (merucry), Six tastes, Bola, Viṣa and Jala. CHAPTER 1 Classification of Drugs in āyurveda A.Drugs acting on digestive system 1. Anulomna (Carminative): They help in expulsion of gaas from the stomach by relaxing the cardiac sphincter. They stimulate intestinal motility and induce a sensation of warmth in the abdomen. Ayurvedic formulations acting on the digestive system includes certain aromatic and volatile oil containing medicinal herbs like Jātīphala (Myristica officinalis) or Dhānyaka (Foencilium vulgare). Hiṅgu (Ferula foetida) is one of the best carminatives. 2. Arśoghana: Drugs used in the treatment of haemorrhoids or piles. Sūraṇa (Amorphophallus campanulatus) is common example. 3. Atisāraghna (Antidiarrhoeal): They prevent diarrhoea. Mājūphala (Quercus infectoria) represents this class. The drug contains tannins having astringent action on the intestine. 4. Chardinigrhaṇa (Anti emetics): These prevent vomiting. Uśīra (Vetiver zizionides) is typical example. 5. Dīpana (Appetizer): A drug used to promote appetite. Examples include Cirāyatā (Swertia chirata). The drugs are highly bitter and they stimulate the taste buds in the tongue. They act reflexely to increase secretion of saliva and gastric juices. 6. Kriminghana (Anthelmintic): The frug used in treatmentof worm infestation. The anthelmintics which help in expulsion of worms are known as vermifuges and which kills the worm are known as vermicidal. Palāśa (Butea monosperma), Vidaṅga (Embelia ribes) are reputed anthelmintics. 7. Lālāśrāvavṛdhikara (Sialagouge): These are the drugs which stimulate the flow of saliva. Akarakarambha (Anacyclus pyrethrum) is example. 8. Pācana (Digestive): A drug used to correct the digestive power. Bitter drugs are again used for this activity. Nāgarmothā (Cyperus rotundus) is widely used by in āyurvedic prescriptions for digestive action. Some drugs like Raktacitraka (Plumbago rosea) and Citraka (P.zeylanicum) have dual activity viz appetizer as well as digestive. 9. Purgatives 9.1: Sranśana (Laxatives or aperients): These groups of drug lubricate the intestinal tract and soften the faeces. Aragbhada (Cassia fistula) is typical example. 9.2: Bhedana (Purgatives): These groups of drugs usually irritate the small intestine and help in passage of feaces. Eraṇḍa (Ricinus communis)represents this group. 9.3: Recana (Drastic purgatives): These drugs irritate the small and large intestine resulting in griping, dehydration, and copious watery stool. Giriparpaṭa (Podophyllum hexandrum) is common example of drastic purgative. 10. Recana (Grāhī): The drugs which are used in treating diarrhoea, dysentery or malabsorption. Because of there astringency, these drugs check excess flow of fluid. 11. Tṛṣṇā-nigrahṇa: These drugs are used for suppressing excess thirst. Parpaṭa (Fumaria officinalis) and Dhānkya (Coriander sativum) are included in this group. Shadagapaniya is āyurvedic formulation for quenching thirst in fevers. 12. Vāmaka (Emetics): This group of drugs induces vomiting. Madanaphala (Randia dumetorum) is standard Ayurvedic edetic. Anantamūla (Tylophora asthmatica) is emetic in high doses. Therapeutically emetics are rarely used in modern system of medicine. B.Drugs acting on respiratory system 1.Kaphanihsāraka (Expectorant): These drugs help in expelling the secretions from upper respiratory tract. Tāliśapatra (Taxus baccata) is good example. Kāsahara (Antitussives or cough suppressants): These drugs are used to suppress cough. Kaṇṭkārī (Solanum xanthocarpum) and Bṛhatī (Solanum indicum) are typical example. śvāsahara (Bronchodilators or bronchial antispasmodics): These drugs relax the spasm of bronchi and are thus useful in treating bronchial asthma. Dhathūra (Datura stramonium) and Bhāraṅgī (Clerodendron serratum) are examples of bronchodilators. C. Drugs acting on cardiovascular system 1. Hṛddya (Cardiac tonics): These drugs stimulate the cardiac muscle. Tīlapuṣpī (Digialis purpurea) and Vanapalāṅḍu (Urginea indica) are included in this category. 2. śothhara (Anti-inflammatory): These drugs help in curing edema. Daśamūla drugs are included in this category. D. Drugs acting on circulatory system 1. Raktaprasādana (Alterative): These groups of drugs increase blood supply to a skin. Gorakhamuṇḍī (Sphearahthus indicus) is example. 2. Raktaskandana (Styptics): These drugs check local bleeding. Mocarasa is typical example. E. Drugs acting on nervous system 1. Nāḍī balya (Nevine): These groups of drugs increase the action of the nerves and are also known as nervine tonics. Aśwagandhā (Withania somnifera) and Kiwānca (Mucuna prurita) are examples. 2. Nidrājanana (Hypnotics): These drugs induce sleep and are used in curing insomnia and insnity. Jaṭāmāṅsī (Nardostachys jatamansi) is good example. F. Drugs acting on kidney 1. Aśmarīghna (Lithontriptics): These help in dissolving kidney stones. varuṇa (Cratevea nurvala) is included in this category. 2. Mutrala (Diuretics): These groups of drugs produce increased urinary flow. Gokṣura (Tribulus terresteris) and Punarnavā (Boerrhavia diffusa) are diuretics. They are used in treating oedema. 3. Mūtrasaṅgrahaṇya: Tese acts reverse to diuretics. They suppress the increased urinary flow. Vimbī (Coccinia indica) is familiar example. G: Miscellaneous drugs: 1. āśukarī: The drugs which instantaneously enter the blood circulation. 2. Paramathi: The drugs which clears the channel of circulation. 3. Pittasāraka (Cholagouges): Drugs which are believed to increase the secretion off bile. 4. Rasāyana: These groups of drugs prolong the life by tonic action on the body. āmalakī (Phyllanthus emblica) is example. 5. Sandhānya: These drugs are used for promoting healing of fractures. Asthiśṛṅkhalā(Cissus quadangularis) is example. 6.Stanyajanana (Galactagouge): These drugs stimulate the flow of milk. Jīraka is example. 7. Vājīkaraṇa (Aphrodisiacs): These groups of drug promote appetite for sex. Some drugs act by increasing the sperm count and are known as spermopiotics. Safeda mūsalī (Asparagus adscendens) is good example. 8. Vidāhī: The drugs which affect the function of the digestive system. Saśarapa (Brassica nigra) is example. 9. Vyavāyī: The drugs which have acute affect on the body. Narcotic poisons can be included in this category. 10. Ykṛtauttejaka (Choleretics): The drugs having stimulating action on the liver. Kākamācī (Solanum ningrum) and śarapuṅkhā (Tephrosia purpruea) are common examples. CHAPTER 2 Groups of Drugs used in āyurveda Bṛhatpañcamūla: It is combination of roots of five medicinal plants including Bilva (Aegle marmelos), Agnimantha (Premna integrifolia), śyonāka (Oroxylum indicum), Gambhārī (Gmelina arborea) and Pāṭalā (Sterospermum suaveolens). Laghumūla: It is combination of roots of five medicinal plants including śālaparṇī (Desmodium gangeticum), Pṛṣnaparṇī (Uraria picta), Bṛhatī (Solanum indicum), Kaṇṭakārī (Solanum xanthocarpum) and Gokṣura (Tribulus terrestris). Daśamūla: It is combination of roots of ten medicinal plants including Bilva (Aegle marmelos), Agnimantha (Premna integrifolia), śyonāka (Oroxylum indicum), Gambhārī (Gmelina arborea), Pāṭalā (Sterospermum suaveolens), śālaparṇī (Desmodium gangeticum), Priṣnaparṇī (Uraria picta), Bṛhatī (Solanum indicum), Kaṇṭakārī (Solanum xanthocarpum), and Gokṣura (Tribulus terrestris). Triphalā: It is combination of fruits of three medicinal plants including Harītakī (Terminalia chebula), Vibhītaka (Terminalia belerica), and āmalakī (Emblica officinalis). Trimada: It is combination of three medicinal plants including Viḍcṅga (Embelia ribes), Nāgaramothā (Cyperus rotundus) and Citraka (Plumbago rosea or Plumbago zeylanica). Trikaṭu: It is combination of three medicinal plants including Pippalī (Pipper longum), Marica (Pipper nigrum) and Suṇṭhī (Zingiber officinale). Chaturūṣaṇa: It is combination of Trikaṭu and Pipalīmūla (roots of Piper longum). Pañcakola: It is combination of five medicinal plants including Pippalī (Piper longum), Pipalimūla (roots of Piper longum), Cavya (Piper chaba), Citraka (Plumbago orsea or Plumbago zeylanica) and Suṇṭhī (Zingiber officinale). ṣaḍūṣaṇa: It is combination of Pañcakola and Marica (Piper nigrum). Caturabīja: It is combination of seeds of four medicinal herbs. Jīvanīyagaṇa: It is combination of Aṣṭavarga, Māṣaparṇī (Teramnus labialis), Mudgaparṇī (Phaseolus trilobus), Jīvantī (Leptadenia reticulata) and Yaṣṭimadhu (Glychyrrhiza glabra). Aṣṭavarga: Group of eight medicinal plants including Jīvaka (Melaxis mucifera), ṛṣabhaka (Melaxis acuminata), Medā (Botanical identity is not clear), Mahāmedā (Polygonum verticillatum), Kākoli (Roscoea purpuera), Kṣīra-kākolī (Paris polphylla), ṛddhi (Hebenaria intermedia) and Vṛddhi (Hebenaria edegwothi). Trijāta: It is combination of Dalacīnī (Cinnamonum zeylanica), Ela (Cinnamonum cardamom) and tejapatra. Caturjāta: It is combination of Dalacīnī (Cinnamonum zeylanica), Ela (Cinnamonum cardamom), Tejapatra and Nāgakeśara (Meusa ferrea). Pañcatikta: It is combination of Bṛhatī (Solanum indicum), Guḍūcī (Tinospora cordifolia), Suṇṭhī (Zingiber officinale), Puṣkarmūla (Saussurea lappa) and Cirāyātā (Swertia chirata). Upaviṣa: It includes seven poisonous plants in including snuhī (Euphorbia antiquorum), Arka (Calotropis procera), Kanera (Nerium odorum), Kalihārī (Gloriosa superba), Dhatūra (Datura stramonium), Rati (Abrus precatorius) and Ahiphena (Papaver somnifrum). Lavaṇapañcaka: It includes five salts viz; Saindhava (Rock salt), Sauvarcala (Sonchal salt), Viḍa, Samudra (Sea salt) and Audbhida. Kṣāradvya: It includes kṣāra (alkali preparation) obtained from Sarjikā (ammonium carbonate) and Yava (potassium bicarbonate). Kṣāratrya: It includes ksāra (alkali preparation) obtained from Sarjikā (ammonium carbonate), Yava (potassium bicarbonate) and ṭaṅkaṇa (borax). Kṣārāṣṭaka: It includes kṣāra (alkali preparation) obtained fro Sarjikā (ammonium carbonate), Yava (potassium bicarbonate), ṭaṅkaṇa (borax), Snuhī (alkali preparation of Euphorbia antiquorum), Apāmārga (alkali preparation of Achyranthes aspera), Palāśa (alkali preparation of Butea monosperma), Ciñcā (alkali preparation of Tamarindus indicus) and Tila (alkali preparation of Seasamum indicum). CHAPTER 3 Drugs of plant origin 1st group (1-122) 1: vatsanābha Family: Ranunculaceae. Botanical name: Aconitum ferox wall. ex ser. synonyms: Teliyā biṣ (Hindi) and Indian aconite (English). Habitat: A. ferox is common in Nepal at 3,000m. It is also found in Hamalayas and kashmir. Morphology: A. ferox is a perennial plant having tuberous roots. leaves are ovate and sharply dentate. Flowers are blue in colour. Fruits is follicle and containts black coloured seeds. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (napelline or pseudoaconitine). Napellene is yellow crystalline powder. It is highly soluble in acetone and methanol and moderately soluble in ether. Action: Diaphoretic. Therapeutics: 1. Externally the drug is rubbed as liniment in arthritis and rheumatism. 2. The drug is poisonius and rarely administered internally. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Powder (125 mg). 2: Ativiṣā Family: Ranunculaceae. Botanical name: Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle. Synonyms: Atīsa (Hindi) and Indian Atīs (English). Habitat: A. heterophyllum is found in W. Himalayas between 2,500 to 4,000m. Morphology: A. heterophyllum is a perennial plant having tuberous 74roots. Leaves are long petoiled, having upper green surface and pale lower surface. Fruit is follicle and contains brown coloured seeds. Chemical composition: Alkaloids. (atisine, hetisine, and heteratisine), tannins, pectin, starch and fat and mucilage. Atisine occurs in crystalline state and is highly bitter in taste. Hetisine is soluble in water. Hetratisine is soluble in chloroform and methanol and partially soluble in acetone and ethanol. Recently another alklakoid (atesinol) has been reported. Therapeutics: Loss of appetite, convalesce, dyspepsia, malaria and childhooddiseases. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Powder (1-3 G). Formulations based on Ativiṣā: Ativiśadī cūrṇa, Devadarvādi quātha and bālacatura bhadra rasa. 3: Guḍūcī Family: Menispermaceae. Botanical name: Tinospora cordifolia (Wiild.) Miers ex. Hook.f. & Thomas. Synonyms: Guluncha (Hindi). Habitat: T. cordifolia is found in found throughout India. Morphology: T. cordifolia is a climbing shrub. The fresh bark is papery and dried bark is of brown colour. The drug is highly bitter in taste. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (berberine), glucoside (giloin) and starch. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter.) Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy) and snigdha. Therapeutics: Loss of appetite, fever, urinary tract infections and debility. Giloysatva is given in chronic diarrhoea and dysentery. Expressed juice of the plant is given in gonorrhea, chronic fevers and malarea: Parts used: Stem and starch (Giloysatva). Dose: Powder (3-6 G); Starch (1-2 G). Formulations based on Guḍūcī: Guḍūcī cūraṇa and Guḍūcī taila. 4: Pāṭhā Family: Menispermaceae. Botanical name: Cissanpelos pareira Linn. Synonyms: Dukhnirbishi (Hindi) and Velvet-leaf (English). Habitat: C. pareira is found in found throughout India and SriLanka. Morphology: C. pareira is a woody creeper. The root bark is of brown colour. The drug os bitter in taste. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (Pelosine or cissampariene). Pelosine is an amorphous alkaloid. It is freely soluble in acetone and alcohol, sparingly soluble in carbon disulphide and insoluble in water. Therapeutics: Fever and urinary tract infections. Expressed juice of C. pareira is given in migraine. Locally the root finds use in snake bite. Parts used: Root. Dose: Decoction (50-100 ml); powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Guḍūcī: Sādhāraṇ yoga. 5: Dāruharidrā Family: Berberidaceae. Botanical name: Berberis aristata DC. Synonyms: Dāruhaldī (Hindi) and India Barberry (English). Habitat: B. aristata is found in Himalaya and Sri Lanka. Morphology: The stems exist in circular pieces and possess strong biter taste. The root bark is of brown colour and fruits os black astringent in taste. Rasauta is sticky substance and highly bitter in taste. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (berberine, berbamine and oxycanthine). Berberine is yellow colored having bitter taste and exist in crystalline state. It is soluble in water and alcohol. and insoluble in ether. Berberine combines with acid to form salts like berberine sulphate, berberine chloride and berberine phosphate. Therapeutics: I. Used in fever, loss of appetite liver diseases, internal hemorrhoids, and conjunctivitis. 2. It is especially indicated in malaria. 3. Rasauta mixed with honey is applied over aphthous ulcers. 4. Decoction of B.aristata along with Emblica offcinalis is given in urinary system ailments. 5. Decoction of the root bark is sued for washing unhealthy sores. Parts used: Root, stem and flower and extract (Rasaunt or Rasanjana). Dose: Decoction (5-10 ml); extract (1-3G). Formulations based on Dāruharidrā: Dārvyādi quātha. 6: Ahiphena Family: Papaveraceae. Botanical name: Papaver somnferum Linn. Synonyms: Opium poppy (English). Habitat: P. somniferum is cultivated in India, China, Africa and United Kingdom. Morphology: The plant yields opium which is derived from dried latex. The latex is obtained by giving incisions in capsule or fruits. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (Codeine, narciene, narcotine, morphine and papaverine), bitter principle (meconin) and meconic acid. 1. Codeine is a colorless, odourless, bitter alkaloid occuring in rhombic prisms. It is soluble in chloroform and ether. 2. Morphine is soluble in hot alcohol and insoluble in water and ether. 3. Narceine is a white, bitter crystalline alkaloid. It is soluble in water and alcohol and insoluble in ether. 4. Narcotine is odorless, white crystalline alkaloid. It is soluble in chloroform, ether and alcohol and insoluble in water. 5. Papaverine is slightly soluble in alcohol and ether but insoluble in chloroform. Therapeutics: Used in diarrhea, cough and internal hemorrage. Parts used: Capsule. Dose: Decoction (5-10 ml); extract (1-3G). Formulations based on Ahiphena: Ahiphenāsva. 7: Varuṇa Family: Capparidaceae. Botanical name: Cratavea nurvala Buch-Ham. syn C. religiosa Hook.f.& Thomas. Synonyms: Baruṇa (Hindi) and three-leaved caper (English). Habitat: C. nurvala is found in India. Morphology: C. nurvala is deciduous tree having long staled leaves and greenish-yellow flowers. Fruit is in form of berries. Chemical composition: Saponin and tannins. Triterpenoids lupeol and varunol have been isolated from root and stem bark. Choline has been reported from water extract. Therapeutics: Used in renal calculi and urinary tract infections. Parts used: Bark. Dose: Decoction (50-100 ml). Formulations based on Dāruharidrā: Varuṇādi quātha. 8: Tuvaraka Family: Flacourtiaceae. Botanical name: Hydnocarpus wightiana Blume. Synonyms: Jaṅgalī badāma (Hindi) and jungle Almond (English). Habitat: H. wightiana is found in India and Sri Lanka. Morphology: H. wightiana is a tree attaining height of 50 feet. Fruit is brown coloured ands seeds on expression yields Hydnocarpus oil. Chemical composition: 1. Fixed oil containing chaulmoogric acid and hydnocarpic acid. 2. Flavonolignans (hydnowightin, hydnocarpin, and neohydnocarpin) have been isolated from the seeds. Therapeutics: Externally the oil is rubifacient. Used in the treatment of psoriasis and leprosy. Parts used: Seeds and oil. Dose: Powder (1-3 G). Formulations based on Tivaraka: Tuvarakādi taila. 9: Nāgakeśara Family: Guttiferae. Botanical name: Mesua ferrea Linn. Synonyms: Pīlā nāgakeśara (Hindi) and Mesua (English). Habitat: M. ferrea is found in India. Morphology: M. ferrea is deciduous tree having long staled leaves and greenish - yellow flowers. Fruit is in form of berries. Chemical composition: Volatile oil, oleo-resin, lactone (mesuol) and phenoluc compound (meusone). Therapeutics: Applied externally in bleeding piles and given internally for dysentery. It is used in renal calculi and urinary tract infections. Parts used: Flower buds. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 10: śāla Family: Dipterocarpaceae. Botanical name: Shorea robusta Gaertn. f. synonyms: Sākhu (Hindi) and Sal Tree (English). Habitat: S. robusta is a tall tree and the resin met from the plant esists in cylindrical scales. Chemical composition: Tannins. Therapeutics: S. robusta os given in pain, rheumatism, diabetes insipidus and pyuria. Parts used: Bark and resin. Dose: Decoction (50-100 ml); resin powder (1-3G). 11: Balā Family: Malvaceae. Botanical mame: Sida cordifolia Linn. Synonyms: Bariyār (Hindi) and Country mallow (English). Habitat: S. cordifolia is found in India and Australia. Morphology: S. cordifolia is wild shrub common in moist places. Roots are fibrous and leaves mucilaginous. Chemical composition: Asparagin, alkaloids (hypaphorine, ephedrine and vasicine), phytosterols, mucin, gelatin and potassium nitrate. Rutin has been reported. Therapeutics: 1. S. cordifolia is used in the treatment of leucorrhoea, gonorrhoea, general debility and rheumatism. 2. Expressed juice of the whole plant is useful in premature ejaculation. 3. The juice obtained from the roots is appled to unhealthy sores. 4. Decoction of the root bark is given in sciatica and rheumatism. Parts used: Roots and seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Bala: Balāriṣṭa and Balā Taila. 12: Atibalā Family: Malvaceae. Botanical name: Abutilon indicum G.Don. Synonyms: kaṅghī (Hindi) and Country mallow (English). Habitat: A. indcium is found in India and Sri Lanka. Morphology: A. indicum is a wild shrub having rough leaves and yellow flowers. Chemical composition: Asparagin, mucilage, and minerals. Therapeutics: A. indicum is used in the treatment of leucorrhoea and rheumatism. Parts used: Leaves and seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3 G). 13: Nāgabalā Family: Tiliaceae. Botanical name: Grewia hirsuta Vabl. Synonyms: Gulaśakarī (Hindi). Habitat: G. hirsuta is found in Rajasthan and Bihar. Morphology: G. hirsuta is a tall shrub. Leaves are serrate. Flowers are white in colour and fruit is berry with four seeds. Therapeutics: G. hirsuta is used in the treatment of debility. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Powder (3-6 G). 14: śālamalī Family: Bombacaceae. Botanical name: Salmalia malabarica (DC.) Schott & Endl. Synonyms: Semal (Hindi) and Silk cotton tree (English). Habitat: S. malabarica is found in India. Morphology: S. malabarica is a decidous tree. Leaves are digitate and glabrous. Flowers are huge and fruit is pod having many seeds. Chemical composition: Tannic acid and gallic acid. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and pitta. Action: Styptic. Therapeutics: S. malabarica is used in the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, manorrhagia and bleeding diathesis. Parts used: Root bark, flowers and gum. Dose: Powder (5-10 G). Formulations based on śālmalī: śālamalī ghṛīta. 15: Gokṣhura Family: Zygophyllaceae. Botanical name: Tribulus terrestris Linn. Synonyms: Gokharū (Hindi) and Puncture-vine (English). Habitat: T. terrestris is found in India. Morphology: T. terrestris is an herbaceous plant having small leaves and yellow colour having cover of thorns. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (harmine and harmaline), steroid saponin (protodioscin) and resin. Protodioscin is soluble in water and mathanol. Action: Diuretic. Therapeutics: T. terrestris is used in the treatment of dysuria and urinary tract infections. Parts used: Fruit and roots. Dose: Decoction (50-100 ml); Powder (1-3 G). Formulations based on Gokṣura: Gokṣhurādi guggula and Daśmūlāriṣṭa. 16: Cāṅgerī Family: Oxalidaceae. Botanical name: Oxalis cornicilata Linn. Synonyms: Tinapattiyā (Hindi) and Indian sorrel (English). Habitat: O. corniculata is found in India and Europe. Morphology: O. corniculata is annual or perennial herb having leaves divided in to three segments and yellow coloured flowers. Chemical composition: Acid potassium oxalate. Rasa (Taste): Amla (Acidic) and kaṣāya (Astringent). Action: Digestive. Therapeutics: 1. O. corniculata is used given in fevers, loss of appetite and dysentery. 2. juice is used as antidote to ditura poisoning. Parts used: Whole plant and expressed juice. Dose: Expressed juice (5-10 ml). Formulations based on cāṅgerī: suniṣaṇṇāka cāṅgerī ghṛīta. 17: Nimbuka Family: Rutaceae. Botanical name: Citrus medica Linn. Synonyms: Bijaurā (Hindi) and True lemon (English). Habitat: Europe and India. Morphology: C. medica is a shrub having prickly branches. Fruit is oval shaped and becomes yellow on ripening. The fragrance of the fruit is due to presence of volatile oil in the fruit rind. Chemical composition: Bitter principle (naringenin) and volatile oil containing citrene. Naringenin is yellow crysttaline powder. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: C. medica is used in the treatment of dyspepsia, alcoholism, heart disorders and dysmenorrhea. Parts used: Fruit, peel and volatile oil. Dose: Fruit juice (10-20 ml). Formulations based on Nimbuka: Bījapūrādi ghṛīta. 18: Bilva Family: Rutaceae. Botanical name: Aegle marmelos Corr. ex Roxb. Synonyms: Bela (Hindi) and Wood apple (English). Habetat: A. marmelos is found in India. Morphology: A. marmelos is wild tree having trifoliate leaves and greenish fruit. Chemical composition: 1. Mucilage, pectin, tannin, bitter principle, 2. Furanocoumarins (aurapten, marmelosin or imperatorin, psoralen and xanthotoxin), 3. Pyranocoumarin (luvangetin). 4. Alkaloids (aegelin and aegelinin) and minerals. Action: Astringent action on digestive system. Therapeutics: 1. A. marmelos is used in the treatment of diarrhoea and indigestion. 2. Leaves are used in diabetes. 3. Decoction of the bark is given for palpitation of heart. Parts used: Fruit and leaves. Dose: Powder (3-6 G). Formulations based on Bilva: Bilvādi cūrṇa and Bilvādi taila. 19: Guggulu Family: Burseaceae. Botanical name: Commiphora mukul (Hook. ex Stocks) Engl. Synonyms: Guggula (Hindi) and East Indian Myrrh and Indian Bdellium tree (English). Habitat: C. mukul is found in Sindha and West Himalayas. Morphology: Oleo resin of C. mukul exists as yellow or brown and translucent pieces often mixed with other parts of the tree. Mixed with water. oleo resin forms milky emulsion. Chemical composition: Guggulsterones (E-Z). Guggulsterones are tertracyclic and have a-B unsaturated ketone carbonyl at position 3. They have an olifinic double bond at position 4.The standardization of extract of C. mukul is based on 2.5 per cent of guggulsterones (E and Z). Action: Analgesic. Therapeutics: C. mukul is used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, arthritis and rheumatism. Contraindications: Alcohol intakes, intercoures, exercise and foods causing dyspepsia are contraindicated in C. mukul based therapy. Side effects: Crude C. mukul can lead to stomatitis, gastritis and menstrual abnormalities. Parts used: Oleo-resin. Dose: Powder (2-4 G). Formulations based on Guggulu: Mahāyogarāja guggulu, Rāsnādi guggulu, Simhan*da guggula, Triphalā guggula, Tryodasānga guggula and Yogaraja guggula. Purification of C. mukul: Crude C. mukul is boiled in milk for purification. 20: Tejovatī Family: Rutaceae. Botanical name: Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb. Synonyms: Tejabala (Hindi) and Common prickly ash (English). Habitat: Z. alatum is found India and Bhutan. Morphology: Z. alatum is medium sized tree. Bark is corky and branches are prickly. Leaves are imparipinnata and leaflets in 2-6 pairs. Flowers are minute and yellow in colour. Fruit has pleasent aroma. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (berberine, dictamnine, magnoflorine, skimmianine and xalthoplanine), resin and volatile oil. Therapeutics: Z. alatum is used in the treatment of fever, general debility and indigestion. Parts used: Bark snd fruit. Dose: Powder (1-2 G). Formulations based on Tejovatī: Tumbvardādi cūraṇa. 21: Nimba Family: Meliaceae. Botanical name: Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Synonyms: Nimba (Hindi) and Margosa tree (English). Habitat: A. indica is found in India. Morphology: A. indica is a large tree having compound leaves Flowers are white and fruit is drupe. Chemical composition: Terpenes (azadirachtin, nimbinin and nimbidin), bitter principle (margosin) and oil (margosa oil) catechin and tanin. Action: Antipruritic. Therapeutics: 1. A. indica is used in the treatment of skin diseases like ane vulgaris, eczema, fevers and liver diseases. 2. The gum obtained from excision of the trunk is stimulant. 3. Fruit is used as anthelmentic. Parts used: Bark, leaves, flowers, seeds and oil. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20 ml); Powder (2-4 G). Formulations based on Nimba: Paṅcanimbādi cūraṇa. 22: Jyotiṣmatī Family: Celastraceae. Botanical name: Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Synonyms: Nimba (Hindi) and Staff tree (English). Habitat: C. paniculatus is found in India and Sri Lanka. Morphology: C. paniculatus is a climbing shrub. Leaves are alternate and flowers are light-green in colour. Fruit is capsule having black seed. Chemical composition: Oil, alkaloids (celastrine and paniculatine), glucoside, and tannins. Action: Brain tonic or nootropic Therapeutics: C. paniculatus is used in loss of memory. Parts used: Seeds and oil. Dose: Decoction (50-100 ml). Formulations based on Jyotṣmatī: Jyotiṣmatī taila. 23: Karkaṭa śṛiṅgī Family: Anacardiaceae. Botanical name: Pistacia intergerrima Stewart. Synonyms: Zebra wood tree (English). Habitat: P. intergerrima is found in India. Morphology: Galls of P. intergerrima are of light green colour externally and bright yellow internally. The galls are highly bitter. Chemical composition: Essential oil and tannin. Action: Antitussive. Therapeutics: P. intergerrima is used in the treatment of respiratory system diseases like cough. bronchitis and dysnoea. Parts used: Galls. Dose: Powder (1-3 G). 24: Bhallātaka Family: Anacardiaceae. Botanical name: Semecarpus anacardium Linn. Synonyms: Bhilāvā (Hindi) and Marking nut (English). Habitat: S. anacardium is found India and Sri Lanka. Morphology: Fruit of S. anacardium is heart shaped and of black colour. Chemical composition: Oil and phenolic compounds (bhilawanol and semecaprol). Action: Alterative. Therapeutics: Counterirritant (externally) and astringent. 1. Used in the treatment of diarrhoea and vomiting. 2. The powdered drug is a applied to piles with relief. 3. The oil obtained from S. anacardium has specific action on ancyclostoma dueodenale. 4. S. anacardium combined with Harītakī (T. chebula) and kṛīṣṇajīraka (C. anthelminticum) is used for treating splenomegaly (enlarged spleen) in confection form. Parts used: Fruit and oil. Dose: Oil (10-30 ml). Formulations based on Bhallātaka: Bhallātaka taila and Gura bhallatāka. Purification of Ballātaka: Crude bhallātaka is mixed with geru, put in a vessel and dug in soil for one week. Aftr this bhallātaka is washed with water and boiled in milk. The process yields pure bhallātaka. Toxicity: Crude bhallātaka leads to toxic symptoms. Itchining on genitals, hyperhidrosis, polydipsia and anuria are encountred if bhallātaka is consumed in excessive dose. Treatment: Pitta pacifying diet and drugs are given. Bland oils are applied to the skin. 25: śigru Family: Moringaceae. Botanical name: Moringa olifera Lam. Synonyms: Drumstick plant (English). Habitat: M. olifera is found in India and Sri Lanka. Morphology: M. olifera is a large tree bi-pinnate or tri-pinnate leaves and root bark of dull brown colour. Fruit is long having green colour and seeds are oily. Chemical composition: Essential oil, Alkaloids (moringine and moringenine), Spirochine, ptergyospermin, anthomine, resin and mucilage. Moringine is soluble in water, alcohol and Flowers and fruit are rich source of amina acids. Action: Diaphoretic. Therapeutics: 1. Used in the treatment of gout. hypotension and fevers. 2. Oil obtained from seeds is used as application in arthritis and rheumatism. 3.Moringine is cardiac stimulant and ptergyospermin is antibiotic. 4. Fresh roots find application in the treatment of epilepsy and intermittent fevers. 5. Expressed juice of the leaves is applied to furunculosis. Contraindications: History of kidney diseases. parts used: Bark, root, fruit, gum and seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on śigru: śayāmādi cūrana. 26. Palāśa Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Bitea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Synonyms: ḍhākha (Hindi), Flame of the forest and parrot tree (English). Habitat: B. monosperma is found in India. Morphology: B. monosperma is a tree having beautiful yellow flowers. The bark on excision yields gum popularly known as Butea gum. Chemical composition: Gallic acid, kino tannic acid, sesquiterpene lactone (palasonin), glucosides (coreopsin, isocoreopsin and sulphurein). Monospermoside and isomonospermoside have been reported. Action: Anthelmintic. Therapeutics: 1. Used in the treatment of worm infestation especially Ascaris lumbricoides. 2. Gum obtained from B. monosperma is given in diarrhoea and dysentery. 3. Alkali preparation of B. monosperma (Palāśakṣāra) is carminative. 4. Fresh gum is appled to chronic indolent ulcers. 5. Decoction of the bark is given in bronchitis and fevers. Parts used: Leaves, seeds and gum. Dose: Powder (3-6G), Butea gum (1-3G). Formulations based on Palāśa: Palāśaghan vaṭī and Palāśa kṣāra. 27. Aparājitā Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Clitoria ternatea Linn. Synonyms: Gokarṇa (Hindi), Winged leaved Clitoria and Butterflypea (English). Habitat: C. ternatea is found in India and Sri Lanka. Morphology: C. ternatea is a twinner having seven leaflets and beautiful blue flowers. Chemical composition: Resin, tannin and starch. Action: Anthelmintic. Therapeutics: Used in the treatment of constipation. Root is given in chronic cough. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Powder (3-6G). 28. Yaṣṭimadhu Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Glychyrrhiza glabra Linn. Synonyms: Licorice (English). Habitat: G. glabra is found in India. Morphology: G. glabra is a perennial plant having leaflets in 4-7 pairs. The roots of the plant are mucilaginous and sweet. Externally the root haas brown colour an internally it is yellow. Chemical composition: Triterpene saponins (glycyrrhizin and glycyramarin). chalcone gllycosides (liquitrin and isoliquitrin) and asparagin Liquitrin and isoliquitrin are responsible for colour of liquorrice. Action: Expectorant. Therapeutics: Used in the treatment of sore throat, arthritis, constipation and peptic ulcer. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Yaṣṭimadhu: Yaṣṭimadhvādi cūrṇa. 29. Yavāsā Family: Legumibosae. Botanical name: Alhagi camelorum Fisch. Synonyms: javāsā (Hindi) and Camel thorn, Persian Manna Plant (English). Habitat: A. camelorum is found in India Iran and Syria. Morphology: A. camelorum is a spreading pricklt bush having having beautiful yellow flowers. The bark on excision yields gum popularly known as Butea gum. Cnemical composition: Manna contains sucrose. Action: Thirst depressant. Therapeutics: Used in the treatment of bronchitis, anuria and constipation. Parts used: Whole plant and manna. Dose: Decoction (50-80 ml); Manna. (3-6G). 30. śālaparṇī Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Desmodium gangeticum DC. Synonyms: Sarivana (Hindi). Habitat: D. gangeticum is found in India. Morphology: D. gangeticum is a small herb having leaves with three leaflets and violet or white flowers. Fruit is pod having hairs on the surface. Chemical composition: Alkaloid, ash and resin. Pterocarpenoid (gangetin) has been isolated from hexane extarct of D. gangeticum. Therapeutics: 1. Used in the treatment of fevers and general debility. 2. Milk preparation of D. gangeticum is used in angina pectoris. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Decoction (50-100 ml). Formulations based on śālaparṇī: śālaparṇyādi quātha. 31. Pṛṣṇaparṇī Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Uraria picta Desv. Synonyms: Piṭhvan (Hindi). Habitat: U. picta is found in India. Morphology: U. picta is a small herb having leaves with 4-6 leaflets and violet or red flowers. Fruit is pod having white colour. Chemical composition: Alkaloid, ash and resin. Therapeutics: 1. Used in the treatment of loss of appetite, general debility and fevers. 2. Leaves are given in gonorrhoea. 3. Decoction of the roots is given in bronchitis and fever. Parts used: Root. Dose: Decoction (50-100 ml). Formulations based on Pṛiṣṇaparṇī Daśmūlāriṣṭa. 32. Karañja Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Pongamia glabra Vent. syn P. pinnata Pierre. Synonyms: Diṭhorī (Hindi) and India beech (English). Habitat: P. glabra is found in India. Morphology: .P. glabra is tree having large pinnate leaves with 2-3 leaflets. Bark is of light green colour and seeds are of brown colour. Chemical composition: Oil (pongamia oil containing karanjin and pongamol). Root bark contains kanugin and demethoxykanugin. Action: Antipruritic. Therapeutics: 1. Oil is insecticidal and stimulant. 2. Used in skin diseases like pediculosis and scabies. 3. Powdered seeds are given in whooping cough. Parts used: Leaves, root bark, oil and seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Karañja: Karañjādi cūrṇa and Karañjā taila. 33. Latākarañja Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Flem syn Caesalpinia crista Linn. Synonyms: Karañja (Hindi) and Fever Nut (English). Habitat: C. bonducella is found in India. Morphology: C. bonducella is a prickly shrub having tree having yellow flowers. Fruit is a pod 5-7 cm having sharp prickles. Seeds are of dull brown colour having bitter taste. Chemical composition: Bitter principle (bonducin). Action: Antimalarial. Therapeutics: Used in the treatment of malaria and worm infestation. In malaria, powders seeds of the plant are combined with Kṛīṣṇa marica (piper nigrum). Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Karañja: Viṣamajvaraghna vaṭī. 34. Kapikacchū Family: Legiminosae. Botanical name: Mucuna prurita Hook. syn M. pruriens (L.) DC. Synonyms: Kewānca (Hindi) and Cowage (English). Habitat: M prurita is found in India and Sri Lanka. Morphology: M. prurita is a twinner having pods covered with brown hairs. Hairs are rich in mucunain, which causes release of histamine resulting in severe itching. Chemical composition: L-dopa, alkaloids (nicotine, mucuadine, mucunadinine, mucuadininene, pruridine and pruridinine), glucoside, serotonin and glutathione. Action: Spermopiotic. Therapeutics: 1. Used in the treatment of Ascarisis (roundworm infestation), leucorrhoea, general debility and oligozoospermia. 2. Recently it has been used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease due to presence of L-dopa in seeds. Parts used: Seeds and hairs of the pod. Dose: Powder (1-3G); hairs of the pod (125 mg). Formulations based on Karañja: Vānarī guṭikā. 35. Sarapuñkhā Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. Synonyms: Sarphonka (Hindi), Kālaka, Kalāśaka, Nīlavṛkṣakṛt, Sarapuṅkhā, Plīhāri (Sanskrit) and Wild Indigo (English). Habitat: T. purpurea is foud in tropical countries. Morphology: T.purpurea is a spreading herb having pinnate leaves in 5 to 7 pairs. Root is hard and woody and of white colour. Flowers are small and purple colored. Chemical composition: Colouring matter (tephrosin), rutin and rotenoid. Action: Liver stimulant. Therapeutics: 1. T. purpurea is used in the treatment of liver disease and piles. 2. śarapuṅkhā-kṣāra (alkali preparation) is used in āyurveda for the treatment of liver and spleen diseases. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Powder (3-6G); kshara (125 mg). Formulations based on Karañja: Sarapuṅkhā kṣāra. 36. Bākucī Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Psoralia corylifolia Linn. Synonyms: Bāvacī (Hindi and Psoralia (English). Habitat: P. corylifolia is found in India and Sri Lanka. Morphology: P. corylifolia is an annual plant, growing up to 2-4 feet. The leaves are dentate, venate, and contain black spots on both the surfaces. Flowers are violet coloured and fruits are 5 mm long containing mucilaginous seed. Chemical composition: Furanocoumarins (psoralen and isopsoralen) and phenol (bakuchiol). Psoralen is soluble in chloroform but insoluble in water. Action: Antipruritic. Therapeutics: Furanocoumarins present in P. corylifolia are photosensitizing agents. Furanocoumarins containing preparations are used externally as well as internally for treatment of leucoderma and psoriasis. The volatile oil, in addition to furanocumarins also considered to be responsible for photosensitizing activity of P. corylifolia. When paste of the seeds or oil expressed from the seeds is applied to white patches, it dilates subcuticular vascular plexuses, nutrition of skin improves, melanoblasts are stimulated to form pigment in decolorized area. Parts used: Seeds and oil. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Bakuchi: Bāwacī taila. Purification of P.corylifolia: Crude seeds of P. corylifolia are kept in cow-urine and juice of Zingiber officinale for seven days. Toxicity: Crude P. corylifolia if taken in excess, can laed to nausea, vomiting, cepahalgia and purgation. Modern investigations have shown tha tprolonged use of psoralen can be calcinogenic and hepatotoxic. 37. Kañcnāra Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Bauhinia variegata Linn. Synonyms: Kañcanāra (Hindi) and Camel Foot Tree (English). Habitat: B. variegata is found in India. Morphology: B. variegata is a medium sized tree having two lobed leaves and pink or white flowers. Chemical composition: Tannin and gum. Action: Anti goiter. Therapeutics: Used in the treatment of goiter and lymphangitis. In large doses, B. variegata is emetic. Parts used: Bark. Dose: Decoction (40-80 ml); powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Kacanāra: Kacanārādi guggula and Kachanaratwaka quatha. 38. Aśoka Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Saraca asoca Roxb. Synonyms: Aśoka (Hindi) and Aśoka Tree (English). Habitat: S. asoca is found in India. Morphology: S. asoca is an evergreen tree having dark green leaves in 3 to 6 pairs. Chemical composition: Tannin. Action: Astringent action on menstrual flow. Therapeutics: Used in the treatment of uterine bleeding and leucorrhoea. Parts used: Bark and seeds. Dose: Decoction (50 ml); powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Aśoka: Asokāriṣṭa. 39. Sirīṣa Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Albixxia lebbek (L.) Benth. Synonyms: Sirhinee (Hindi) and Indian Wall Nut and Silk Flower (English). Habitat: A. lebbek is found in India. Morphology: A. lebbek is large deciduous tree. Flowers are in round heads, having fragrance and yellow colour. Pods are long and straps shaped. Chemical composition: Saponins (albiziasaponins A,B, and C) and tannin. Action: Antidote to various poisons. Therapeutics: 1. Used in the treatment of diarrhoea, pemphigus and animal poisoning. 2. Expressed juice of the A. lebbek with Pippali (Piper longum) and honey is given in asthma. Parts used: Bark, flowers and seeds. Dose: Decoction (50-100 ml); powder (3-6G)). Formulations based on Sirīṣa: Mahāsirīṣādi agada. 40. āragvadha Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Cassia fistula Linn. Synonyms: Analatās (Hindi) and, Indian laburnum, Purging cassia (English). Habitat: C. fistula is found in India. Morphology: C. fistula is a cultivated tree having tap root. Leaves are paripinnate and have 3-5 pairs of leaflets.Flowers are yellow in pendulous panicles.Fruit is legume and seeds are albuminous. Chemical composition: Anthraquinones, pectin and flavonoids. Action: Antipruritic. Therapeutics: 1. C. fistula is used in the treatment of constipation. 2. It is good febrifuge. 3. The plant has reputation in the treatment of black water fever. Parts used: Pulp, root bark and flowers. Dose: Decoction (50-100 ml); powder (3-6G). Formulations based on āragvadha: āragvadhāriṣṭa and āragvadhādi quātha. 41. Khadira Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Synonyms: Khaira (Hindi) and Red catechu (English). Habitat: A. catechu is found in India. Morphology: A. catechu is a small prickly tree with pale flowers. The bark is of dirty brown colour. Catechu is obtained from the heart wood. Chemical composition: Catechin and catechu tannic acid. Action: Antipruritic. Therapeutics: 1. Decoction of A. catechu is used as gargle in sore throat and mouth ulcers. 2. It is given in indigestion, dry cough and obesity. Locally it is excellent styptic. Parts used: Bark, extract and gum. Dose: Catechu (1/2-1G); decoction (50-100 ml) and powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Khadira: Khadirāriṣṭa and Khadirādivaṭī. 42. Harītakī Family: Combertaceae. Botanical name: Terminalia chebula Retz. Synonyms: Haraḍ (Hindi) and Chebulic myrobalan (English). Habitat: T. chebula is found in India. Morphology: T.chebula is a tall tree with dark brown bark. Flowers are pale ywllow. Fruit is oval and hard; green when unripe and pale brown on ripening. Chemical composition: Tannic acid, gallic acid and chebulinic acid. Chebulinic acid is colourless, odourless powder with characteristic odour and astringent taste. It is soluble in water and alcohol. Action: Tonic. Therapeutics: 1. Freah fruit of T. chebula is mild laxative and used in the treatment of constipation. 2. Ripe fruit is astringent. Basically T. chebula is tonic and given with various vehicles in different seasons. Parts used: Fruit. Dose: Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Harītakī: Abhyāriṣṭa, Citraka harītakī, Dantī harītakī, Harītakī khaṇḍa, Triphalā cūrṇa and Vyāghrī harītakī. 43. Bibhītaka Family: Combertaceae. Botanical name: Terminalia bellerica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Synonyms: Baheḍā (Hindi) and Belleric myrobalan (English). Habitat: T. belerica is found in India. Morphology: T. belerica is a tall tree with long leaves and dark brown bark. Flowers are pale yellow. Fruit is oval and contains a seed. Chemical composition: Glucoside (bellericanin), ellagic acid, gallic acid and tannin. Recdently lignans (termilignan and thannilignan), 7-hydroxy-3', 4'-(methylenedioxy) flavone and anolignan B have been isolated. Action: Expectorant. Therapeutics: 1. T. belerica is used in the treatment of common cold, pharyngitis and constipation. 2. Uripe fruit is mild laxative and ripe fruit is astringent. 3. T. belerica seeds are use as aphrodisiac. 4. Oil expressed from seed pulp is used in leucoderma and alopecia. Parts used: Fruit. Dose: Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Bibhītaka: Tāliśādi cūraṇa, Triphalā cūrana and Bibhītaka taila. 44. āmalakī Family: Euphorbiaceae. Botanical name: Emblica officinalis Gaertn. syn. Phyllanthus emblica L. Synonyms: āmlā (Hindi) and Indian Gooseberry (English). Habitat: E. officinalis is found in India. Morphology: E. officinalis is a medium to large deciduous tree with small leaves. Leaves are simple, symmetrically arranged, linear and elliptic. Flowers are small, green yellow. Stem is of brownish gray colour. Fruit is spherical and has conical depressions at the end of its longitudinal axis. Chemical composition: Ascorbic acid, gallic acid and tannic acid. Vitamin C content of expressed juice is 921 mg/100 cc. The vitamin C content of expressed juice of E. officinalis is twenty times more than that of citrus fruits. Hundred grams of fresh fruit contains 470 to 680 mg of vitamin C. The vitamin C comtent of powdered E. officinalis cal vary from 1780 to 2660 g. Recently elagitannin (peduncugalin) has been isolated from the fruit. Bark contains leukodelphindin and procyanidin. Leaves and fruit contain alkaloids (phyllantidine and phyllanthine). Phyllembin (ethyl gallate) has been isolated from fruit pupl. Action: Tonic. Therapeutics: 1. E. officinalis is used in the treatment of common cold, gastritis, diarrhoea, jaundice, leucorrhoea and general debility. 2. Decoction of the pericarp is given in peptic ulcer with relief. Parts used: Fruit. Dose: Powder (3-6g); Expressed juice (10-20 ml). Formulations based on āmalakī: āmalakī-cūraṇa, Triphalā, Chyavanaprāśa and Dhātrī-lauha. 45. Lavaṅga Family: Myrtaceae. Botanical name: Eugenia caryophyllata Linn. syn. Synzygium aromaticum (Linn.) Mer. & Per. Synonyms: Lauṅga (Hindi) and Clove (English). Habitat: E. caryophyllata is found in Moluccas, India and Sri Lanka. Morphology: E. caryophyllata is a low tree and the cloves are dried unopened flower buds. Chemical composition: Volatile oil, sesquiterpene lactones (caryophyllin and eugenol) and tannins. Action: Expectorant. Therapeutics: 1. E. caryophyllata is used in the treatment of cough and abdominal pain. 2. The drug is especially indicaled in chronic malabsorption and hyperacidity. 3. It is used in spermatorrhoea and fevers. Oil is applied in toothache and neuralgia. Parts used: Fruit. Dose: Powder (1-2 G); oil (1-3 drops). Formulations based on Lavaṅga: Lavagādi cūrṇa, Lavaṅgādi vaṭī and Lavaṅgādi taila. 46. Jambū Family: Myrtaceae. Botanical name: Eugenia jambolana Lam. syn. Syzygium cumini (Linn) skeels. Synonyms: Jāmuna (Hindi) and Jambul (English). Habitat: E. jambolana is an evergreen having shinning leaves and greenish white flowers Unripe fruit is red and ripe fruit is dark green. Chemical composition: Glucoside (jambulin), essential oil and tannin. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), āmalā (Sour) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Action: Urinary astringent. Therapeutics: E. jambolana is used in the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, diabetes mellitus and menorrhagia. Parts used: Fruit. Dose: Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Jambū: Pacapallava yoga. 47. Dāḍima Family: Lythraceae. Botanical name: Punica granatum Linn. Synonyms: Anāra (Hindi) and Pomegranate (English). Habitat: P. granatum is found in India, China and Arabia. Morphology: P. granatum is a shrub of medium sized tree evergreen having opposite leaves. Flowers are one or few on axially shoots. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (pelletierine and isopelletierine), tannin and pectin. Therapeutics: 1. P. granatum is used in the treatment of Tenia solium infestation (Tapeworm). 2. It is useful in diarrhoea, dyspepsia, dysentery and loss of appetite. Parts used: Fruit and root bark. Dose: Decoction (40-80 ml). Formulations based on Dāḍima: Dāḍambāṣṭaka cūrṇa. 48. Dhātakī Family: Lythraceae. Botanical name: Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. Synonyms: Dhāya (Hindi) and Fire flame bush (English). Habitat: W. fruticosa is found in India. Morphology: W. fruticosa is a large shrub. The bark is reddish brown , leaves are hairy and spotted, flowers are red and fruit is pval having small mucilaginous seeds. Chemical composition: Coloring matter (lawsone), and tannins. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: w. fruticosa is used in the treatment of diarrhoea, leucorrhoea, skin diseases, indolent ulcers and liver ailments. Parts used: Flowers. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Dhātakī: Dhātakyādi cūrṇa and Dhātakyādi taila. 49. Indravāruṇī Family: Cucurbitaceae. Botanical name: citrullus colocynthis Schrad. Synonyms: Indrāyaṇ (Hindi) and Bitter apple, Colocynth (English). Habitat: C. colocynthis is found in India. Mrophology: C. colocynthis is an herbaceous climber having tap root; stem is weak climbing with tendrils. Leaves are lobed and alternate; flowers are vell shaped and yellow in colour. Chemical composition: Bitter principle (colocynthin), resin (colocynthein), a-elaterin, hentriacontane, phytosterol, pectin and saponin. Action: Drastic purgative. Therapeutics: 1. C. colocynthis is used in the treatment of chronic constipation. 2. The fruit bark is emetic and the root is anthelmintic. 3. The juice of the fruit is mixed with sugar and given in dropsy. parts used: Fruit and root. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Indrāvāruṇī: Nārāyaṇa cūrṇa. 50. Kuṣmāṇḍa Family: Cucurbitaceae. Botanical name: Benincasa hispida (Thunb) Cogn. Synonyms: Hulwa Kaddū (Hindi) and Ash Gourd, Pepo (English). Habitat: B. hispida is found in India. Morphology: The fruit is oval, 30 to 45 cm long; red or white coloured with waxy covering. Seeds are pale yellow sweet and cooling. Chemical composition: Alfaloid (cucurbitine), digestive ferment (myrosin), and fixed oil and vitellin. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Action: Nootropic or brain tonic. Therapeutics: B. hispida is used in the treatment of general debility, urinary diseases and loss of memory. The seeds with outer coating removed are given in Tenia solium and Ascaris limbricoides infestations. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Kuṣmāṇḍa: kuṣmāṇḍāvaleha. 51. Maṇdūkaparṇī Family: Umebelliferae. Botanical name: Centella (Hydrocotyle) asiatica Linn. Synonyms: Brāhmī, (Hindi) and Gotu Kola, Indian pennywort (English). Habitat: C. asiatica is found in India. Mrophology: C. asiatica is a slender jerb with long stem, emerging from the leaf-axils of a vertical root stock, often reddish, with long internodes and rooting at the nodes; leaves thin, several from the rootstock and 1-3 from each node of the stems. Chemical composition: Triterpenoid acids (asiatic acid and madecassic acid), triterpene saponins (asiaticoside, medecassoside, brahmoside and brahminoside) and alkaloid (hydracotyline) flavonoids and 0.1% volatile oil. Action: Nootropic or brain tonic. therapeutics: C. asiatica is used in the treatment of loss of memory, psoriasis and eczema, fevers and bloody diarrhoea. The decoction of the leaves is given in leprosy. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Powder (125-75 mg). 52.Paṭola Family: Cucurbitaceae. Botanical name: Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. Synonyms: Parawala (Hindi) and Pointed gourd (English). Habitat: T. dioica is found in India. Morphology: T. dioica is a perennial twinner with fruit 8-10 cm long. Flowers are white and seeds trapped in pulp. Chemical composition: Carbohydrates, proteins minerals and reddish-green oil. Rasa (Taste); Tikta (Bitter). Action: Febrifuge. Therapeutics: T. dioica is used in the treatment of chronic fevers. Parts used: Leaves. Dose: Decoction (50-100 ml). Formulations based on Paṭola: Paṭolādi quātha. 53. Hiṅgu Family: Umbelliferae. Botanical name: Ferula foetida Regel. syn Ferula narthes Boiss. Synonyms: Hīnga (Hindi) and Asafoetida, Devil's Dung (English). Habitat: F. foetida is found in Asia and Europe. Morphology: The gum-resin occurs in pieces, yellow and translucent having garlic like odour. Mixed with water, F.Foetida forms milky emulsion. Chemical composition: Resin (asaresinotannol and ferulic acid) and volatine oil (containing allyl sulphide) Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Action: appetizer. Therapeutics: F. foetida is used in the treatment of abdominal pain and indigestion because of carminative activity. Suppository prepared from F. foetida is given in tympanites. Mixed with castor oil. F. foetida is given as ememata in helmenthiasis. It is useful in malaria, amenorrhea and habitual abortion. Parts used: Gum resin. Dose: Gum resin (.12-.5 mg). Formulations based on Hiṅgu: Hingvāṣṭaka cūraṇa, Hiṅgvādi vaṭī and Rajaḥpravartinī vati. 54. Satapuṣpā Family: Umbelliferae. Botanical name: Anethum sowa Kurz. Synonyms: Dill (English). Habitat: A. sowa is found in India. Morphology: A. sowa ia a small herb having yellow flowers. Chemical composition: Volatile oil and fixed oil Action: Carminative. Therapeutics: A. sowa ia used in the treatment of abdominal pain and indigestion. Parts used: Fruit and oil. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on śatapuṣā: Dill water. 55. Miśreya Family: Umbelliferae. Botanical name: Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Synonyms: Saunfa (Hindi) and Fennel (English). Habitat: F. vulgare is a small herb having yellow flowers. Chemical composition: Volatine oil (pinene anethol). Action: Carminative. Therapeutics: F. vulgare is used in the treatment of abdominal pain and indigestion. It is given in scanty urine. Formulations based on Miśreya: śatapuṣpādi cūrṇa. 56. Dhānyaka Family: Umbelliferae. Botanical name: Coriander sativum Linn. Synonyms: Dhania (Hindi) and Coriander (English). Habitat: C. sativum is found in India. Morphology: C. sativum is an annual herb. Leavea are 2-4 pinnate; flowers are white or violet and fruit is pale yellow having two seeds. Chemical composition: Volatile oil (containing coriandrol) and fixed oil. Action: Thirst depressant. Therapeutics: C. sativum is used fevers, loss of appetite and indigestion. Parts used: Fruit and oil. Dose: Powder. (1-3G). Formulations based on Dhānyaka: Dhānyapañcaka quātha and Dhānyakādi hima (Coriander water). 57. Ajmodā Family: Umbelliferae. Botanical name: Apium graveolens Linn. Syn. Carum roxburghianum (DC) Carib. Synonyms: Ajamda, Bhoota jatoā (Hindi) and Celery (English). Habitat: A. graveolens is found in Europe. Morphology: A. graveolens is an herb having small and white flowers. Chemical composition: Glucoside (apiin) and volatile oil (containing apiol). Action: Antispasmodic. Therapeutics: A. graveolens is used in loss of appetite and amenorrhea. Parts used: Fruit. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Ajamoda: Ajamodādi cūrṇa. 58. Yavānī Family: Umbelliferae. Botanical name: Trachyspermum ammi (Linn) Spargue. Synonyms: Ajawāin (Hindi) and Ajowan (English). Habitat: T. ammi is found in Europe. Morphology: T. ammi is a much branched hairy herb having small and white flowers in umbels. Fruit is dirty brown having two seeds. Chemical composition: Volatile oil (containing carvacrol), glycoside and steroid. Action: Antispasmodic. Therapeutics: T. ammi is used in loss of appetite, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. It is benefiicial in chronic opium poisoning. Parts used: Fruit. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Yavānī: Yavānyādiquātha. 59. Jīraka Family: Umbelliferae. Botanical name: Cuminum cyminum Linn. Synonyms: Safeda jīrā (Hindia) and Cumin seed (English). Habitat: C. cyminum is cultivated in Africa and India. Morphology: C. cyminum is an herb having light brown fruit. Chemical composition: Volatile oil (containing cumaldehyde). Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: C. cyminum is used in loss of appetite and chronic diarrhoea. It is also prescribed in failing lactation. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Jīrakādya cūrṇa and Jīrakādyāriṣṭa. 60. Kṛṣṇa jīraka Family: Umbelliferae. Botanical name: Carum bulbocastanum W. Koch. Synonyms: Black Caraway (English). Habitat: C. bulbocastanum is found in Himalayas and Afghanistan. Morphology: C. bulbocastanum is an herb having roots resembling rhizomes. Fruit is yellow-brownish having ridges. Chemical composition: Volatile oil. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: C. bulbocastanum is used in loss of appetite and chronic fevers. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 61. Mañjiṣṭhā Family: Rubiaceae. Botanical name: Rubia cordifolia Linn. Synonyms: Mañjīṭha (Hindi) and Indian madder (English). Habitat: R. cordifolia is found in India. Morphology: R. cordifolia is a twinner having rough stem with numerous rootlets. Bark is aromatic and red brown. Chemical composition: resin and colouring matter (manjistin, purpurin, xanthopupurin and alizarin and peseudopurpurin). Action: Alterative. Therapeutics: R. cordifolia is used in skin diseases like pityriasis versicolor and cholasma, jaundice, dropsy and amenorrhea. Roots of R. cordifolia in paste form are appled over inflammed joints. Decoction of the leaves is used in worm infestation. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Mañjiṣṭhā: Mahāmañjiṣṭhādi quātha 62. Madanaphala Family: Rubiaceae. Botanical name: Randia dumetorum Lam. Syn Randia spinosa Poir. Synonyms: Mainphal (Hindi) and Emetic nut (English). Habitat: F. dumetorum is found in India. Morphology: R. dumetorum is shrub or small tree with 1-3 inch long leaves and prickles. Flowers are yellow and aromatic; fruit is oval, hard and yellow. Fruit pulp contains four black coloured seeds. Chemical composition: Saponin, tannin, valerianic acid and oil (randia oil). Action: Emetic. Therapeutics: R. dumetorum is used in the treatment of worm infestation. For therapeutic vomiting, R. dumetorum (3-4G) is given with rock salt and honey. Decoction of the stem is used in rheumatism and dysentery. Bark is given in diarrhoea. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Powder (3-6G). 63. Gandhaprasāriṇī Family: Rubiaceae. Botanical name: Paederia foetida Linn. Synonyms: Parsan (Hindi). Habitat: P. foetida is found in India. Morphology: P. foetida is a foul smelling and large twinner. Leaves when rubbed emit foul smell but on boiling it disapears. Flowers are violet coloured. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (alpha pederine and beta pederine) and volarile oil. Action: Analgesic. Therapeutics: The juice of the bruised plant is applied in arthritis and fheumatism. It is particularly useful in lumbago. It is prescribed for debility after fevers. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Prasāriṇī: prasāriṇī-taila and Prasāriṇileha. 64. Jaṭāmānsī Family: Valerianceae. Botanical name: Nardostachys jatamansi DC. Synonyms: Musk root and Indian spikenard (English). Habitat: N. jatamansi is a perennial herb. Rhizomes occurs in short pieces, has dark grey colour and typical smell. Leaves are sessile and ovate. Flowers are dark-pink in colour. Chemical composition: volatile oil and sesquiterpene lactone (jatamansone). Nardostachin has been reported. Alkaloid (actinidin) has been reported from rhizomes. Action: Analgesic. Therapeutics: N. jatamansi is used in the treatment of insomnia, hysteria, vertigo, amenorrhea and nervous depression. Oil is reported to be useful in the treatment of atrial flutter. Jatamansone has antiarrthymic activity. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Powder (125-500 mg). Formulations based on Jaṭāmānsī: Mā**sayādi quātha. 65. Bhṛiṅgarāja Family: Compositae. Botanical name: Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. Synonyms: Bhāṅgrā (Hindi) and trailing eclipta (English). Habitat: E. alba is found in India. Morphology: E. alba is a small herb of dark brown colour. The whole plant is covered with white tuft of hairs. Flowers are in pairs and white; seeds are of dark brown colour. In Ayurveda, three varieties of E. eclipta have been described. The description is based on the color of the flowers. White variety: It is the common variety and distributed widely. Yellow variety, according to experts, is represented by Wedelia chinesis Merrill. Blue variety is of controversial origin. Chemical composition: E. alba containsresin and alkaloid (ecliptine). Wedelolactone is present. Another alkaloid, 25-B-hydroxyverazine has been reported from alcoholic extract of the E. alba. Triterpenoid glucoside (eclabatin), alpha-amyrin, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid have been reported from the whole plant of E. alba. Action: Beneficial for hairs. Therapeutics: 1. E. alba is used in the treatment of hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), jaundice, and hypertension. 2. Expressed juice of E. alba mixed with goat's milk is used in frontal sinusitis. 3. Expressed juice is used in baldness and earache. 4. Seeds are used for increasing vitality. 5. Expressed juice of the leaves mixed with honey is given in nasal cattarh in children. 6. E. alba is given with butermilk for correcting digestive power. Parts used: Whole plant and roots. Dose: Expressed juice (5-10 ml). Formulations based on Bhṛṅgarā: Bhṛṅgarājāsava and ṣaḍbindu taila. 66. Puṣkarmūla Family: Compositae. Botanical name: Inula racemosa Hook f. Synonyms: Pohakaramūla (Hindi) and Elecampane (English). Habitat: 1. racemosa is found in India. Morphology: 1. racemosa is a rigid herb having root 6 to 12 inches long, fleshy having several branches. Chemical composition: Inulin, aromatic oil (containing alantalactone or helenalin), and alkaloid (saussurine). Action: Bronchodilator. Therapeutics: 1. racemosa is used in the treatment of chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Parts used: Roots. DoseL Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Puṣkarmūla: Puṣkarmūlādi cūrṇa. 67. Kusṭḥa Family: Compositae. Botanical name: Saussurea lappa C. B. Clarke. Synonyms: Kūṭha (Hindi) ans Costus, Kuth (English). Habitat: S. lappa is found in India. Morphology: S. lappa is a perennial herb having violet flowers; light root, brown, having longitudinal ridges. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (saussurine), inulin, resin and aromatic oil. kushtin has been isolated from the etheral extract. Action: Semen purifier. Therapeutics: S. lappa is used in the treatment of asthma, skin diseases and dysuria and rheumatism. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Powder (1/4-1G). Formulations based on Kuṣṭha: Kuṣthādi cūrṇa. 68. Citraka Family: Plumbaginaceae. Botanical name: Plumbago zeylanica Linn. (White variety); P. rosea Linn. (Red variety). Synonyms: Cītā (Hindi) and Lead wort (English). Habitat: P. zeylanica is cultivated in India. Morphology: P. zeylanica is a small bushy herb having white (p. zeylanica) or rej (P.rosea) flowers. Fresh root yields yellow juice. Dried roots are cylindrical and have brown colour. Chemical composition: Napthoquinone (plumbagin). plumbagin is soluble in alcohol and ether. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: P. zeylanica and P.rosea are used in the treatment of chronic fevers, malaria, chronic diarrhoea, external hemorrhoids and dyspepsia. It is abortifacient. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Powder (1-2G). Formulations based on Citraka: Citrakādi vaṭī and Citrakaharītakī. 69. Vidaṅga Family: Myrsinaceae. Botanical name: Embelia ribes Burm f. Synonyms: Vāyabiḍaṅga (Hindi) and Embelia fruit (English). Habitat: E. ribes is found in India. Morphology: E. ribes is a shrub having ovoid leaves. Flowers small and white; fruit is black having one seed. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (christembine), resin (embelin), fixed oil and volatile oil. Action: Anthelmintic. Therapeutics: 1. E. ribes is used in the treatment of worm infestation particularly Ascaris lumbricoides. 2. It is valuable remedy for lymphademitis. 3. E. ribes is given with pipalī (Piper longum) for contraception. Parts used: Fruit. Dose: Powder (5-10G). Formulations based on Viḍaṅga: Viḍaṅgādi lauha. 70. Lodhra Family: Symplocaceae. Botanical name: Symplocos racemosa Roxb. Synonyms: Lodhra (Hindi) and Lodh tree (English). Habitat: S. racemosa is found in Java, Sumatra, Thailand and India. Morphology: S. racemosa is medium-sized evergreen tree having long leaves; fragnant and yellowish-white flowers and fruit is black, thick and has 1-3 seeds. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (loturine, colloturine and loturidine) and two glucisides. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: S. racemosa is used in the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery and leucorrhoea and menorrhagia. Parts used: Fruit. Dose: Powder (5-10G). Formulations based on Lodhra: Ladhrāsava. 71. Saptparṇa Family: Apocynaceae. Botanical name: Alstonia scholaris R. Br. Synonyms: Satuna (Hindi) and Devil tree, Dita (English). Habitat: A. Scholaris is found in India. Morphology: A. scholaris is an evergreen tree having fragile; externally white an internally yellow bark. If the bark is excised, it yields white milk. Leaves are seven in number (hence the name saptaparna); flowers are greenish-white; fruit contains white coloured seeds. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (ditamine, echitamine and echitanine). Action: Antimalarial. Therapeutics: A. scholaris is used in the treatment of malaria and skin diseases. Parts used: Bark. Dose: Decoction (5-10 ml). Fromulations based on Saptaparṇa: Saptaparṇaghana vaṭī. 72. Kuṭaja Family: Apocynaceae. Botanical name: Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall. Synonyms: Kūḍā (Hindi) and Kurchi (English). Habitat: H. antidysenterica is found in India Morphology: H. antidysenterica is a tree having thick dirty white stem bark and white flowers. Root bark is reddish-brown, bitter in taste. Fruit is similar to legume, containing 25-30 seeds. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (connesine, holarrhenine, kurchine, kurchicine conkurchine, conesimine, holarrhine, holarrhimine, conimine and isoconessimine) have been reported from bark and seeds, resin, tannins, gum resin (contains lettoresinol-A and lettoresinol-B) and foul smelling oil (in seeds). Connesine is soluble in water and dilute acids. Therapeutics: H. antidysenterica is used in the treatment of amoebiasis, bleeding piles and fevers. Parts used: Bark and seeds. Dose: Powder (20-30 mg). Formulations based on Kuṭaja: Kuṭajāriṣṭa and Kuṭajaghana vaṭī. 73. Sarpagandhā Family: Apocynaceae. Botanical name: Rauwolfia serpentina Benth. Synonyms: Dhavalabaruā (Hindi) and Serpentina (English). Habitat: R. serpentina is found in India. Morphology: R. serpentina is an evergreen shrub. Leaves have acute apex; upper leaves are light green and lower leaves are dark green. Roots are broken having soft bark and brown colour. Flowers are pinkish,white or purple. Fruit resembles with pea and are of black colour whin ripe. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (ajamaline, desperidine, reserpine and others). Action: Hypnotic. Therapeutics: R. serpentina is used in the treatment of hypertension, insanity and insomnia. juice of the leaves is used for reducing opacity of cornea. Parts used: Root. Dose: Powder (1-2 G for hypertension), (3-6 G for insanity and insomnia). Formulations based on Sarpagandhā: Sarpagandhāghana vaṭī. 74.1: Karvīra (Red flowers) Family: Aoocynaceae. Botanical name: Nerium odorum Soland. Vern. Nerium indicum Mill. Synonyms: Kanera (Hindi) and Indian oleander (English). Habitat: N. odorum is found in India and Nepal. Morphology: N. odorum is an evergreen milky shrub having thin leaves. Flowers are white or red and fruit contains many small seeds. Chemical composition: Glucosides including neriodin, neriodorin, neriodorein (in root and seeds), oleandrin (in leaves), fixed oil and volatile oil. Action: Cardiac tonic. Therapeutics: N. odorum is used in the treatment of cardiac edema and malaria. Its action on heart is similar to Digitalis purpurea. Parts used: Root and root bark. Dose: Powder (30-120 mg). Formulations based on Karavīrā: Karavīrādi yoga. 74.2 Karavīra (Yellow flowers) Family: Apocynaceae. Botanical name: Thevetia nerifolia Juss. Synonyms: Pila Kanera (Hindi) and Yellow oleander (English). Habitat: T. neriifolia is native to America and found in India. Morphology: T. neriifolia is an evergreen shrub or small tree having yellow flowers. Chemical composition: Glucosides including peruvoside, thevetine, ruvoside and neriifolin. Action: Cardiac tonic. therapeutics: Similar to N. odorum. Oarts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (30-120 mg). 75.1 Rajārka (White variety) Family: Asclepidaceae. Botanical name: Calotropis gigentia (Linn) R. Br. ex Ait. Habitat: C gigentia is found in India. Morphology: C. gigentia is a wild large shrub Flowers are white haaving violet spots and not fragrant like C. procera. Action: Drastic purgative. Therapeutics: C. gigentia is used in the treatment of skin diseases and rheumatism. Parts used: Root bark, flowers and leaves. Dose: Powder (1/2-1 G). 75.2 Arka (Red variety) Family: Asclepidaceae. Botanical name: Calotropis procera R. Br. Synonyms: Akavana (Hindi) and Madar (English). Habitat: C. procera is found in India. Morphology: C. procera is a wild large shrub having hard stem and heart shaped leaves having mucilaginous upper surface and hairy lower surface. Flowers are white having violet spots and fragrant. chemical composition: Glucosides (calotropin, calotoxin and uscherin). Action: Drastic purgative. Therapeutics: 1. C. procera is used in the treatment of skin diseases and rheumatism. 2. Powered drug is dusted cover unhealthy sores with benefit. 3. The milk derived from the plant is used as an application in leucoderma. 4. Root bark is emetic and purgative and given in helmenthiasis. 5. It is also prescribed in malaria and snake poisoning. Parts used: Root bark, flowers and leaves. Dose: Powder (1/2-1 G). Formulations based on Arka: Arkalavaṇa and Arka Taila. 76.1 Sārivā (White variety) Family: Asclepidaceae. Botanical name: Hemidesmus indicus R. Br. Synonyms: Anantamūla (Hindi) and Indian sarsaparilla (English). Habitat: H. indicus is a wild large sbrub having hard stem and heart shaped leaves having mucilaginous upper surface and haity lower surface. Flowers are white having violet spots and fragrant. Chemical composition: Coumarin and volatile oil (containing pmethoxy salicylic aldehyde). Action: Alterative. Therapeutics: H. indicus is used in the treatment of eczema. acne vulgaris and rheumatism. Parts used: Root. Dose: Infusion (50-100 ml). Formulations based on Sārivā: Sārivāsava. 76.2 Sārivā (Black variety) Family: Asclepidaceae. Botanical name: Cryptolepis buchanani Roem & Schult. Synonyms: Maiden-singi (Hindi). Habitat: C. buchanana is found in Himalayas. Morphology: C. buchanana is a twinner, which abounds in milky juice. It has pale-white flowers. Action: Alterative. Therapeutics: C. buchanana is used in the treatment of indigestion, asthma, menorrhagia and diarrhoea. Parts used: Root. 77. Kupīlu Family: Loganiaceae. Botanical name: Strychnos nux vomica Linn. Synonyms: Kucalā (Hindi) and Nux vomica (English). Habitat: S. nuxvomica is found in India and Sri Lanka. Morphology: S. nuxvomica is a tree having thin but strong branches. Stem bark is thin and transluent. Fruit is round, smooth and bitter. All the parts of the tree are highly poisonous. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (strychnine, brucine icajine and vomicine)glucoside (loganin) and coloring matter. Brucine is a crystalline alkaloid, having weak bitter taste. It is soluble in alcohol and slightly soluble in water. Strychnine is a colourless, odourless alkaloid having intense taste and occurs in prismatic crystals. It is soluble in water. alcohol and chloroform and insoluble in ether. Action: Convulsant. Therapeutics: S. nuxvomica is used in the treatment of loss of appetite, nervine disorders, facial palsy, neuralgia, atony of the urinary bladder and general debility. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: 60-125 mg. Formulations based on Kupīlu: Agnituṇdīvaṭī, Krimudgara rasa, Lakṣmīvilāsa rasa and Viṣmuṣṭyādi vaṭī. Toxicity of S nuxvomica: The seeds of S. nuxvomica if not purified can be toxic. If given in excess it acts as convulsant and produces symptoms similar to tetanus. Death occurs due to respiratory faliure. purification of S. nuxvomica: External coating of seeds of S. nuxvomica is removed and boils d in cow milk and fried in cow ghee. 78. Kirātatikta Family: Gentianaceae Botanical name: Swertia chirayita (Roxb ex Flem) Karst Synonyms: Cirāyatā (Hindi) and Bitter stick, Chiretta (English). Habitat: S. chirayita is found in India and Nepal. Morphology: S. chirayita is an annual herb. Root is pale-brown, woody having small rootlets; flowers of dark-brown colour. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (gentianine), ophelic acid, bitter principle (amarogentin and gentopicrin) and xanthones (swerchirin and magniferin).Gentiopicrin is a yellow coloured crystalline substance. Secoiridoid glucoside (swertiamarin) has been reported. Action: Febrifuge. Therapeutics: S. chirata is used in the treatment of loss of appetite, liver ailments, bronchial asthma and fevers. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Decoction (50k-100ml), Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Kirātatikta: kiratatiktādi quātha. 79. śaṅkhapuṣpī Family: Convolvulaceae. Botanical name: Evolvulus alsinoides Linn. Synonyms: śaṅkhapuṣpī (Hindi). Habitat: E. alsinoides is a procumbent herb having iairs, leaves oblong and flowers of deep blue colour. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (voline and betaine). Action: Brain tonic. Therapeutics: E. alsinoides is used in the treatment of loss of memory, fevers and nervous debility. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Infusion (50-100ml). 80. Tirvṛt Family: Convolvulaceae. Botanical name: Operculina turpethum (Linn.) Silva Manso. Synonyms: Niśot (Hindi) and Turpeth root (English). Habitat: O. turpethum is found in India. Morphology: O. turpethum is a perennial, milky twinner. Roots are black and thick. Leaves are long and flowers are white. Fruits are oval having four black coloured seeds. Chemical composition: Resin containing glucoside (turpethin) and volatile oil. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Action: Mild laxative. Therapeutics: 1. O. turpethum is used in the treatment of constipation. 2. With Triphala decoction, it is used in piles. Parts used: Root bark. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Tṛivṛt: Trivṛtādi cūrṇa. 81.1 Kaṇṭakāri (Blue flowered) Family: Solanaceae. Botanical name: Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad et Wendl. Syn Solanum surattense Burm.f. Synonyms: Choṭī kaṭerī (Hindi) and Yellow-berried-night shade (English). Habitat: S. xanthocarpum is found in India. Morphology: S. xanthocarpum is a wild herb having yellow prickles. Flowers are bluish-purple; fruit is berry, yellow or white having green streaks. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (solasonine) and steroid saponin (disogenin). Action: antitussive. Therapeutics: S. xanthocarpum is used in the treatment of chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Kaṇṭakārī: Kaṇṭkāryāvaleha and vyāghrītakī. 81.2 Kaṇṭakāri (White flowered) It is a variety of kantkari described in Ayurvedic texts. It is allied to Solanum xanthocarpum in medicinal use but especially indicated in sterility. However botanical identity is not clear. 82. Bṛhatī Family: Solanaceae. Botanical name: Solanum indicum Linn. Synonyms: Baḍī kaṭerī and Indian night shade (English). Habitat: S. indicum is found in India. Morphology: S. indicum is a wild herb having solitary leaves; blue flowers; fruit is berry having yellow colour and acrid taste. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (scopolamine, solanidine and solasonine) and steroid saponin (disogenin). Action: Antitussive. Therapeutics: S. indicum is used in the treatment of chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Parts used: Root and fruit. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Bṛhatādi quātha and Daśmūlāriṣṭa. 83. Aśvagandhā Family: Solanaceae. Botanical name: Withania somnifera (Linn.) Dunal. Synonyms: Asgandha (Hindi) and Winter cherry (English). Habitat: W. somnifera is found in India. Morphology: W. somnifera is a perennial herb covered with hairs. It has tap root; stem is herbaceous above and woody below. Leaves are in unequal pairs; flowers are greenish or yellowish; fruit s berry becoming red on ripening. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (anagrine, anaferine, cuscohygrine, hygrine, isopelletriene, pseudopelletriene, 3-tropyltigloate, tropine and withasomnine), withanolides (withaferin-A), proteins and amino acids. In addition the roots are reported to contain dulcitol and withaniol (a mixture of two withanolides). The roots contain iron, potassium magnesium and nickel. Action: Tonic. Therapeutics: W. somnifera is used in the treatment of depression, hypertension, general debilitym oligozoospermia, stress, premature ejaculation and leucorrhoea. In asthma, ash of W. somnifera is given with honey and vegetable oil. Parts used: Root and leaves. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Aśvagandhā: Aśvagandhādi cūraṇa and Aśvagandhāriṣṭa. 84.1 Dhattūra (White variety) Family: Solanaceae. Botanical name: Datura metel Linn.Syn Datura alba Linn. Synonyms: Dhatūra (Hindi) and Thorn apple English. Habitat: d. metel is found in India. Morphology: D. metel is and annual, poisonous herb having strong smell. Leaves are triangula; flowers either white or purple externally and whote internally. Fruit is oval and prickly. Seeds are shaped and light-brown in colour. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (atropine, hyosine and hyoscyamine), chlorogenic acid, fixed oil and volatile oil. Action: Narcotin. Therapeutics: D. metel is anticholinergic, bronchodilator, mydriatic and narcotic. It is used in the treatment of bronchial asthma. Oil obtained from the plant is used as external application in pediculosis. Parts used: Leaves and dried ripe seeds. Dose: Powder (50-100 mg). Formulations based on Dhatura: Kanakasva and Sootshekera rasa. 84.2 Kṛṣṇadhatūra (Black variety) Botanical name: Datura stramonium Linn. D. stramonium resembles with D. metel in medicinal use. Seeds are black, hence known as Kṛīṣṇadhatūra. 85. Parsika Javani Family: Solanaceae. Botanical name: Hyoscyamus niger Linn. Synonyms: Khurāsānī ajawain (Hihdi) and Henbane (English). Habitat: H. niger is an annual, erect herb having hairs and foul smell. Leaves are dentate; flowers either yellowish-green. Fruit is oval and seeds are shaped and brown or black in colour. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (hyoscyamine and hyoscine). Action: Antispasmodic. Therapeutics: H. niger is anticholinergic and antispasmodic, Used in the treatment of abdominal colic, premature ejaculation. insomnia and respiratory affections. Parts used: Leaves flowers and seeds. Dose: Powder (.25-1G). Formulations based on Pārasīka: Pāraśīkādi cūrṇa. 86. Kaṭukī Family: Scophulariaceae Botanical name: Picrorhiza kurroa Benth. Synonyms: Picrorhiza (English). Habitat: P. kurroa is found in Himalayas. Morphology: P. kurroa has a long, creeping rootstock that is bitter in taste, and grows in rock cervices and moist, sandy soil. The leaves of the plant are flat, oval, and aharply serrated. The flowers are white or pale purple and borne on atall spike. Chemical compositon: Glucosides (pecrorhizin and kutkin), kuṭkīsterol and kuṭkiol. Other constituents are apocynin and andorsin. Action: Cholagouge purgative. Therapeutics: P. kurroa is used in the treatment of loss of appetite, indigestion, hepatitis, fevers and cirrhosis. Parts used: Rhizome. Dose: Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Kaṭukī: ārogyavardhinī Rasa and Tiktādi quātha. 87. Brhamī Family: Scophulariaceae. Botanical name: Bacopa monneiri Linn. Synonyms: Brhamī (Hindi) and Thyme leaved Gratiola (English). Habitat: B. monneira is found in Himalayas. Morphology: B. monneira is a small, creeping, succulent herb. The leaf-and flower-bearing stems arise from creeping stems that form roots at the nodes. The leaves are simple, with entire margins. Flowers are blue or white with purple veins and fruit is capsule withy numerous seeds. Chemical composition: Triterpenoid saponins (bacoside A and B), and alkaloids (hrpestine and brahmine), flavonoid glycosides, betulinic acid, stigmastanol and phytosterols. Bacoside A and B are optical isomers. Bacoside A on acid hydrolysis gives an aglycone (non-sugar) fraction and a mixture three sugars. Bacoside B is obtained as colorless needles from methanol extract. It is sparingly soluble in ethanol, methanol and water. On acid hydrolysis, bacoside A and B yield aglycones called bacogenins A, A, A and A The bacoside A content is about 2.5-3.0%. Other bacosides have been reported which are dammarane-type saponins (bacopasaponins). Action: Brain tonic or nootropic. Therapeutics: B. monneira is used in the treatment of loss of memoryand anxiety neurosis. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Infusion (50-100ml) Formulations based on Brahamī: Brahmī vaṭī and Brahmīpānaka. 88. śyonāka Family: Bignoniaceae. Botanical name: Orpxylum indicum Vent. Synonyms: Sonāpāṭhā (Hindi). Habitat: O. indicum is found in India. Morphology: O. indicum is a tree having broad leaves in a pair of two or three. Stem bark rough and has marks of fallen leaves. Root bark is yellow light in colour and has offensive smell. Flowers are fleshy, brown and in groups. Fruit is pod having fat seeds. Chemical composition: Alkaloid, flavones (oroxylin-a, baicalein and chrysin) and tannins. Therapeutics: O. indicum is used in the treatment of arthritis and rheumatism. Parts used: Root bark. Dose: Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Syonāka: Syonākapuṭapāka and Vṛhatapañcamūla quātha. 89. Paṭala Family: Bignoniaceae. Botanical name: Stereospermum suaveolens DC. Synonyms: Pravāla (Hindi). Habitat: S. suaveolens is a found in India. Morphology: S. suaveolens is a large tree. Stem bark is ash coloured externally and yellow internally. Flowers are large and of crimson colour. Chemical composition: S. suaveolens is used in the treatment of bronchial asthma, rheumatism and indigestion. Parts used : Root bark. Dose: Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Paṭala: Vṛhatapañcamūla quātha. 90. Vāsā Family: Acananthaceae. Botanical name: Adhatoda vasica Nees. Synonyms: Aḍūsa (Hindi) and Malabar nut (English). Habitat: A. vasica is found in India. Morphology: A. vasica is a large tree. Stem bark is ash coloured externally and yellow internally. Flowers are large and of crimson colour. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (adhatodine, vasicine and vascinone), adhatodic acid, volatile oil and resin. Vasicine is a quinazoline alkaloid, bitter in taste and occurs in crystalline form. It is soluble in chloroform. Oxdiation of vasicine leads to formation of vascinone. Alkaloids (anisotine, 3-hydroxyanisotine, vanestine, desmethoxyaniflorine. and desmethoxyvascinone) have been reportred. Vasicol is reported from rootṣ. Essential oil contains limonene. A triterpenoid (3 a-hyrdoxy-D-friedoolean-1-ene) and peganidine have been reported from the plant. The leaves contain adundant vitamin C and carotenoids. The alcohlic extract contains a crystalline compound vasakin. Action: Expectorant. Therapeutics: A. vasica is used in the treatment of chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Parts used: Leaves and flowers. Dose: Decoction (40-80 ml); Expressed juice (10-20 ml). Fromulations based on Vāsā: Vāsāvaleha. 91. Nirguṇḍī Family: Verbenaceae. Botanical name: Vitex negundo Linn. Synonyms: Samblālū (Hindi) and Five-leaved chaste (English). Habitat: V. negundo is found in India. Morphology: V. negundo is a sharply smelling shrub. Stem of the plant is covered with hairs. Leaves digitate with upper surface green and lower white. Flowers are tiny and of light blue colour. Fruit is black and oval. Chemical composition: Oil and resin. Action: Analgesic. Therapeutics: V. negundo is used in the treatment of arthritis and rheumatism. Parts used: Leaves. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml); Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Nirguṇḍī: Nirguṇdī taila. 92. Agnimantha Family: Verbenaceae. Botanical name: Premna intergrifolia Linn. Syn. Premna mucornata Roxb. Synonyms: Araṇī (Hindi). Habitat: P. intergrifolia is found in India and Sri Lanka. Morphology: P. intergrifolia is a tree with stem bark of ash colour. Trunk is prickly; leaves are hairy and in pair of 5-7. The leaves on drying emit typical odor. Flowers are greenish-white and fruit is round and black. Chemical composition: Tannin, alkaloid and resin. Action: Anti-inflammatory. Therapeutics: P. intergrifolia is used in the treatment os loss of appetite, general debility and rheumatism. Decoction of roots is given in urinary tact infection. Parts used: Roots and leaves. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml); Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Agnimantha: Agnimantha Kaṣāya and Daśamūlāriṣṭa. 93. Bhāraṅgī Family: Verbenaceae. Botanical name: Clerodendron serratum Linn. Synonyms: Bhāraṅgī (Hindi). Habitat: C. serratum is found is India and Nepal. Morphology: C. serratum is perennial herb with dentate and long leaves . Flowers are blue or white having fragrance. Root is thin brown having mil bitter taste. Chemical composition: Phenollic glucoside and saponins. Action: (Antiasthamtic). Therapeutics: C. serratum is used in the treatment of common cold, bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Bhāraṅgī: Bhāraṅgyādi quātha. 93. Gambhārī Family: verbenaceae. Botanical name: Gmelina arborea Roxb. Synonyms: Gambhār (Hindi). Habitat: G. arborea is found in India. Morphology: G. arborea is a long tree with ash coloured stem bark. Leaves are heart shaped; flowers are red or yellow. Fruit is round, pale yellow coloured having 1-2 seeds. Chemical composition: Oil, alkaloid and resin. Action: Anti-inflammatory. Therapeutics: G. arborea is used in the treatment of arthritis and rheumatism. Parts used: Root bark. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). Formulations based on Gambhārī: Vṛhatapañcamūla qutha. 94. Tulasī Family: Labiatae. Botanical name: Ocimum sanctum Linn. Synonyms: Tulasī (Hindi) and Holy basil (English). Habitat: O. sanctum is found in India. Morphology: O. sanctum is an upright, plant covered with soft hairs. The stems are square in soft, and the leaves have serrated leaf margins. The flowers are purplish in colour. Seeds are flat and reddish or yellow with minute black spots. Chemical composition: Triterpene (ursolic acid) and fixed oil (containing eugenol, methyl eugenol and caryophyllene). In addition it contains alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and glycosides, phenylpropane glucosides and tannins. Action: Anti-inflammatory. Therapeutics: O. sanctum is used in the treatment of commomn cold, bronchitis and malaria. Parts used: Leaves and seeds. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). Powder (1-3G). 95. Droṇapuṣpī Family: Labiatae. Botanical name: Leucas cephalotes Spreng. Synonyms: Gūmā (Hindi). Habitat: L. cephalotes is found in India and Sri Lanka. Morphology: L. cephalotes is an annul herb. The stem is hairy, leaves dentate; flowers are white and white coloured and resembles with a cup (hence the name gūmā būṭī). Chemical composition: Alkaloid and volatile oil. Action: Antimalarial. Therapeutics: L. cephalotes is used in the treatment of amenorrhea, influenza and malaria. Parts used: Expressed juice. 96. Punarnavā Family: Nyctaginaceae. Botanical name: Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. Synonyms: Gadhapurnā (Hindi) and Spreading hogweed (English). Habitat: B. diffusa is found in India. Morphology: B. diffusa is a perennial spreading plant. Root is thick and rigid. Leaves are thick and hariy; flowers are minute and pink or white in snall groups. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (punarnavine) and potassium nitrate. Action: Diuretic. Therapeutics: B. diffusa is used in the treatment of anemia, cardiac edema, ascites and dysuria. Parts used: Whole plant and seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Punarnavā: Punarnavāmaṇdūra, Punarnavāṣṭaka and Punarnāvasava. 97. Apāmārga Family: Amaranthaceae. Botinacal name: Achyranthes aspera Linn. Synonyms: Circiṭā (Hindi) and Prickly chaff flower (English). Habitat: A. aspera is found in India. Morphology: A. aspera is an erect herb having simple banches having obovate and hairy leaves. Flowers are minute and red with prickly bracts. Fruit is cone shaped having several seeds. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (punarnavine) and potassium nitrate. Action: Hepatic stimulant. Therapeutics: A. aspera is used in the treatment of anemia, jaundice, renal calculs, hyperacidity, diarrhoea and dysuria. Apāmārgakṣāra is used in curing earache. Parts used: Whole plant and seeds. Dose: Apāmārga-kiṣāra (1/2-1G). Formulations based on Apāmārga: Apāmārga-kṣāra and Apāmārgakṣāra taila. 98. Marica Family: Piperacae. Botanical name: Piper nigrum Linn. Synonyms: Kālī marica (Hindi) and Black pepper (English). Habitat: P. nigrum is found in Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka and Malaysia. Morphology: P. nigrum is a perennnial bushy climber. Stem is thick and strong. Leaves are in pairs of 2-3. Flowers are minute and fruit is round or oval in groups. They are red when fresh and become black on ritening. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (piperine and piterettine) resin (chavicin), fat, minerala, vitamins and aromatic oil. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: P. nigrum is used in the treatment of indigestion, helmenthisasis and cough. Oil is applied in eczema and rheumatism. Parts used: Whole plant and seeds. Dose: Powder (1/2-1G). Formulations based on Marica: Maricādivaṭī and Mahāmaricyādi taila. 99. Pippalī Family: Peperaceae. Botanical name: Piper longum Linn. Synonyms: Pipalī (Hindi) and long pepper (English). Habitat: P. longum is found in India, Indonesia, Malayasia, Skingapore and Sri Lanka. Morphology: P. longum is a spreading, smelling climber. Stem is cylinrical and lower leaves are dentate; Flowers are minute, fruit thick having red colour ripening and red colour on drying. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (piperine), resin (chavicin) and aromatic oil. Piperine is a feeble alkaloid, colorless tasteless, odorless occurring in rhombic crystals. It is soluble in alcohol, acetic and chloroform and insoluble in water. ether and alcohol. Action: Antitussive. Therapeutics: P.longum is used in the treament of cough, indigestion, seminal weakness and chronic fevers. Parts used: Root and fruit. Dose: Powder (1/2-1G). Formulations based on Pippalī: Pippalyāsava and Pippalī khaṇḍa. 100. Jātīphala Family: Myristiaceae. Botanical name: Myristica fragrans Houtt. Synonyms: Jāiphala (Hindi) and Nutmeg tree (English). Habitat: M. fragrans is found in Mauritius. Morphology: M. fragrans is a fragrant tree having soft branches. Leaves are light brown with lower part having red veins. Flowers are small yellow and fragrant. Fruit is oval or round and contains brown coloured hard seed. Chemical composition: Volatile oil (containing phenylpropanoids including myristicin, saffrole and elemicen) and fixed oil (butter of nutmeg). Recently a lignan (dehydro-diisoeugenol) has been reported. Action: Grāhī. Therapeutics: M. fragrans is used in the treatment of indigestion, diarrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, spermatorhoea and migraine. Parts used: Fruit and leaves. Dose: Powder (1/2-1G). Formulations based on Jātīphala: Jātīphalādi cūrṇa. 101. Tvak Family: Lauraceae. Botanical name: Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn. Synonyms: Dālacīnī (Hindi) and Cinnamon (English). Habitat: C.zeylanicum is found in India and Sri Lanka. Morphology: C.zeylanicum is na evergreen tree having brown stem bark, which is highly fragile. Leaves emit typical smell on rubbing. Flowers are in groups and fruit are oval and violet coloured having one seed. chemical composition: Volatile oil (containing cinnamaldehyde and eugenol). Action: Expectorant. Therapeutics: 1. C. zeylanicum is used in the treatment of pruritis, arthritis and rheumatism. 2. Internally it is taken for treating gastritis, flatulence and dyspepsia. Parts used: Leaves and bark. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Tvak: Sītoplādi cūrṇa. 102. Karpūra Family: Lauraceae. Botanical name: Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees & Eberm. Synonyms: Japūra (Hindi) and Canphor (English). Habitat: C. camphora is found i Mauritius. Morphology: C. camphora is an evergreen tree having rough stem bark. Leaves are fragrant and yellowish-green. Flowers are yellowish-white and fruit are oval and dark-green coloured having fragrant seeds. Chemical composition: Volatile oil (containing camphor). Action: Expectorant. Therapeutics: C. camphora is used in the treatment of pruritis, arthritis and rheumatism. It is given in obesity and diarrhoea. Parts used: Leaves and wood. Dose: 125-375 mg. Formulations based on Karpūra: Karpūrādivaṭī and Karpūrāsava. 103. Agurū Family: Thymelaceae. Botanical name: Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. Synonyms: Agari (Hindi) and Eagle wood (English). Habitat: A. agallochal is found in India. Morphology: A. agallochal is an evergreen tree having thin and fragile stem bark. Fresh stem bark is devoid of fragrance but old stem bark develops typical odor of that eagle wood. Leaves are thin and flowers are white. Chemical composition: Volatile oil (containing sesquiterpene alcohol)/ Action: Refragerant. Therapeutics: A/agallocha is used in the treatment of gout, skin disorders, duspepsia and nocturnal enuresis. Parts used: Wood. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on agurū: Agurvādi taila. 104. Candana Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Pterocarpus santalinus L.f. Synonyms: Lālacandana (Hindi) and Red sanders (English). Habitat: P. santalinus is found in India. Morphology: P. santalinus is a tree having blackish-brown stem bark. Stem bark on excision yields red liquid. Leaves are oval and flowers yellow. Fruit is legume having brown seeds. Chemical composition: colouring matter (santalin), pterocarpin, pterostilbene and homoterocarpin. Therapeutics: P. santalinus is used in the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery. Parts used: Wood. Dose: Powder (3-6G). 105. Eraṇḍa Family: Euthorbiaceae. Botanical name: Ricinus communis L. Synonyms: Aṇḍī (Hindi) and Castor (English). Habitat: R. communis is found in India. Morphology:h R. communis is an annual or perennual shrub or tree having red or green dentate leaves. Flowers are unisexual; fruit is prickly with multicolored and smooth seeds. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (ricinine), lectin (ricin), fixed oil (containing ricin oleic acid). Action: Analgesic. Therapeutics: R. communis is used in the treatment of arthritis and rheumatism. Oil is used in the treatment of constipation Parts used: Seeds, roots, leaves and oil. Dose: Seeds (2-6); Castor oil (4-16 ml). Formulations based on Eraṇḍa: Eraṇḍa Taila and Eraṇḍa pāka. 106. Dantī Family: Euphorbiaceae. Botanical name: Baliospermum montanum Muell. Synonyms: Dantī (Hindi). Habitat: B. montanum is found in India. Morphology: B. montanum is an herb with green flowers and triangular fruit having three seeds. Chemical composition: Starch and resin. action: Drastic purvative. therapeutics. B. montanum is used in the treatment of constipation and skin diseases. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Powder (1-3G); Decoction (40-80 ml). Formulations based on Dantī: Dantīariṭṣa. 107. Arjuna Family: combertaceae. Botanical name: Terminalia arjuna Roxb. W. & A. Synonyms: Arjuna (Hindi) and Arjuna (English). Habitat: T. arjuna is found in India. Morphology: t. arjuna is an evergreen tree having stem bark; externally white and red internally. Flowers are white or yellow. Chemical composition: B-sitosterol, ellagic acid, arjunic acid, glucosides (arjunetin and fridelin), and tannnic acid. Action: Cardiac tonic. Therapeutics: 1.T. arjuna is used in the treatment of angina pectoris, hyperlipidemia, spermatorrhoea, bloody diarrhoea and pruritis. 2. Locally the drug finds application in hemorrhage and fractures. Parts used: Bark. Dose: Powder (3-6G); Decoction (50-100 ml). Formulations based on arjuna: Arjunāriṣṭa and Arjunaghṛta. 108. Udumbara Family: Moraceae. Botanical name: Ficus glomerata Roxb. (Moraceae) Synonyms: Gūlar (Hindi) and Country fig (English). Habitat: F. glomerata is found in India. Morphology: F. glomerata is a tree having reddish bark; leaves have three veins. Fruit is oval and turns rd on ripening. Chemical composition: Phytosterols, tannins and gluacol. Action: Urinary astrigent. Therapeutics: 1. F. glomerata is used in the treatment of polyuria, diarrhea, bloody duarrhoea, metrorrhagia and leucorrhoea. 2. Decoction of leaves is used for washing wounds. Milk is given in seminal weakness. Parts used: Bark, leaves and seeds. Dose: Powder (3-6G); Decoction (50-100ml). Formulations based on Udumbara: Udumbara sāra 109. Bhaṅga Family: Cannabaceae. Botanical name: Cannabis sativa Linn. Synonyms: Bhāṅga (Hindi) and Indian hemp (English). Habitat: C. sativa is found i India. Morphology: C. sativa is an annual herb. Leaves compound pinnate; flowers mixed with leaves, leaflets and fruits. Bhang is of deep green color and consists of leaves, fruit and seeds. Ganja is fruit and flower of female plant containing resin. Charas is resin exudation from whole plant. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (cannabine) and resin (cannabinol). Action: Narcotic. Therapeutics: C. sativa is an exhilarant poison. It is used in cephalgia, asthma, chronic bronchitis and hysteria. Decoction of leaves is used for rheumatism and hemorrhoids. Applied locally it is use for relieving itching ------. It does not cause constipation. Parts used: Dried flowering tops. 110. Devadālī Family: Cucurbitaceae. Botanical name: Luffa echinata Roxb. Synonyms: Banḍāla (Hindi), Akhurvisapaha, Devadālī, Devatāḍa, Garagarī, Jālinī, Jimūta, Taraka, Veni, Vṛttakosa (Sanskrit) Bristly luffa (English). Habitat: L. echinata is found in India. Morphology: L. echinata is a climbing herb. The stem is covered with hairs and leaves are dentate and hairy. Flower is white and fruits oval and covered with prickly hairs. Seeds are dark brown and flat. Chemical composition: Bitter principle (echinetin) and saponin. Action: Sa*śodhana. Therapeutics: 1. L. echicata is used in dropsy and worm infestation. 2. Infusion prepared from L. echinata is given through nasal route in jaundice. 3. It is also used as emetic and purgative for removing poisons from the body. Parts used: Roots and leaves. Dose: 1-3G. 111. Tālīsapatra Family: Pinaceae. Botanical name: Abies webbiana Lindle. Synonyms: Tālīspatra (Hindi) and Himalayan Silver Fir (English). Habitat: A. webbiana is found in East Himalayas. Morphology: A. webbiana is an evergreen tree having numerous branches. New braches are covered with hairs. Leaves are long and silvery and seeds are oval with wings. Chemical composition: Volatile oil and resin. Action: Expectorant. Therapeutics: A webbiana is used in bronchitis, asthma tiberculosis and especially influenza. Parts used: Leaves. Dose: 2-5 G. Formulations based on Tālīsapatrā: Tālīsādya cūrṇa. 112. Haridrā Family: Zingiberaceae. Botanical name: Curcuma longa Linn. Synonyms: Haldī (Hindi) and Turmeric (English). Habitat: C. longa is found in East Himalayas. Morphology: C. longa is perennial herb. Leaves have white spots and have typical odor. Flowers are yellow. Rhizome is hard and thick; yellow externally and deep orange internally. Chemical composition: Yellow coloring matter (curcumin), resin and essential oil. Therapeutics: C. longa is used in jaundice, chronic branchitis, arthritisand rheumatism. It is highly beneficial in urticaria. Mixed with seasum oil, turmeric is applied to the body in skin eruptions. Decoction of C. longa is used as cooling application in conjunctivitis. Parts used: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Haridrā: Haridrā khaṇḍa. 113. Suṇṭhī Family: Zinberaceae. Botanical name: Zingiber officinale Rosc. Synonyms: Adraka (Hindi) and Ginger (English). Note: Fresh ginger is known as Adraka and dried is known as Sunṭhī. Habitat: Z. officinale is cultivated in India. Morphology: Z. officinale is perennial herb. Leaves have acute apex and flowers are greenish-yellow. Rhizome is branched having typical pungent taste. Chemical composition: 1. Fresh ginger: Carbohydrates, proteins, calcium, phosphorus, iodine, chlorine. and varmints (A, B and C). 2. Dried ginger: Ash, protein, fiber, starch and volatile oil (containing zingiberene and zingiberol). Oleo-resin obtained from dried ginger contains gingerol and shogoal. Therapeutics: 1. Z.officinale is used for local application in arthritis and rheumatism. 2. It is also used in abdominal colic, bronchitis, indigestion, urticaria filariasis and general debility after child birth. Z. officinale is highly beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis. Contraindications: Anaemia, Bleeding diathesis, Dysuria, Pruritis, summer season and Ulcers. Parts used: Rhizomes. DoseL Powder (1-2G). Formulations based on Suṇṭhī: Adraka khaṇḍa, Pañcasama cūrṇa. and Suṇṭhī pāka. 114.1: Elā (Sukṣmailā) Family: Zingiberaceae. Botanical name: Elettaria cardamomum Maton. Synonyms: Choṭī elāyacī (Hindi) and Lesser cardamom (English). Habitat: E. cardamomum is found in Burma, India and Sri Lanka. and Burma. Morphology: E. cardamomum is perennial herb. Leaves are egg shaped and flowers are light green. Seeds are oval having fibers at the end, dirty white colour, and having typical pungent odor. Chemical composition: Volatile oil (containing cineole, limonine and sabinene), yellow coloring matter and ash. Action: Refrigent. Therapeutics: 1. E. cardamomum is used in cough, asthma, hemorrhoids and dysuria. 2. It is given in debility with success. 3. It is added to āyurvedic purgative and laxative formulas for preventing gripping. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (0.5-1G). Formulations base on Elā (sūkṣmailā): Elādiguṭikā and Ealādivaṭī. 114.2: Elā (Bhadrailā) Family: Zingiberaceae. Botanical name: Amomum subulatum Roxb. Synonyms: Baḍī elāyacī (Hindi) and Greater cardamom (English). Habitat: A. subulatum is found in India and Nepal. Morphology: A. subulatum is and herb having yellowish-white flowers and reddish-brown and tough fibers containing fruit. Chemical composition: Aromatic oil (containing cineole). Rasa (Taste): Madhura (sweet) and Kaṭu (Pungent). Action: Refrigent. Therapeutics: A. subulatum is used in pruritis, cough and loss of appetite. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 115. Rasona Family: Liliaceae. Botanical name: Allium sativum Linn. Synonyms: Lasuna (Hindi) and Garlic (English). Habitat: A. sativum is found in India. Morphology: A. sativum is a perennial herb. Braches are soft and covered with sheath. Root is fibrous and adventitous. Leaves are flat and thin; flowers are minute and white. Bulb is white or covered with red coloured sheath. Chemical composition: Volatile oil (containing allyl-propyl aulphide, allicin, alliin and ajoene). Allicin is produced when garlic is crushed for medicinal or culnary use. It is produced by enzymatic reduction of alliin in presence of and enzyme allinase. Allicin is a highly unstable compoud. When allicin is cooked in water it produces diallyl sulphide. This change is considered to be useful as allicin is known to cause gastritis. Action: Analgesic. Therapeutics: A. sativum is used in flatulence, mild hpertension, rheumatoid arthritis, hyperlipidemia (elevated levels of lipids in the blood) and peripheral vascular disorders. A. sativum is sued in sciatica, paralysis, chronic bronchitis and fysmenrorrhoea. A. sativum is use as prophylactic aid in diphtheria and typhoid. Contraindications: Pregnancy and persons with pitta nature. Parts used: Bulbs and oil. Dose: Mass preparation (3-6G). Formulations based on Rasona: Laśunādi vaṭī and Laśuna pāka. 116: Kumārī Family: Liliaceae. Botanical name: Aloe vera Touen, ex L. Syn. A. barbadensis Mill. Synonyms: Gvārapāṭhā (Hindi) and Indian Aloe (English). Habitat: A. vera is found in North Africa, America, Spain and India. Morphology: A. vera is herb. Levees are greenish-yellow, thick and fleshy, tapering at the base. The leaves contain juice referred to as aloe. The juice is obtained by two methods: 1. juice is placed in sunlight and dried. It is non transparent. 2. juice is dried in rapid s fire. It is transparent. Chemical composition: Glucoside (aloin) and acetylated mannan (acemannan). Aloin is referred to as Barbaloin, Nataloin, Socaloin and Zanaloin, depending on the source. Aoin is odorless substance with bitter taste. It is soluble in alcohol but insoluble in ether. Action: Cholagouge purgative. In small intestine, aloin undergoes hydrolysis to yield alo-emodin, which acts on lower pt of large intestine and rectum, resulting in soft stools with tenesmus (gripping pain). The activity of aloin is increased by giving it with alkali. Therapeutics: A. vera is used in amenorrhea, liver diseases, constipation, worm infestation and loss of appetite. A. vera being emollient is used as local application in skin diseases. Contraindications: Hemorrhoids, pregnancy and intestinal obstruction. Parts used: Leaves. Dose: Powder (0.1-0.3G). Formulations based on Kumārī: Kumāryāsava and Rajaḥpravartinī vaṭī. 117: śatāvarī Family: Liliaceae. Botanical name: Asparagus racemosus Willd. Synonyms: Sadabori (Hindi) and Common asparagus (English). Habitat: A. racemosus is found in India. Morphology: A. racemosus is prickly and bushy twinner. Branches are spotted. Flowers are minute and white coloured. Fruit resembles with that of pea. Roots are brownish-white in colour, thin and starchy. Chemical composition: Steroid saponins (shatavarins) and mucilage. Action: Spermopiotic. Therapeutics: A. racemosus is used in chronic bronchitis, urinary tract infection and oligozoospermia. Parts used: Tubers. Dose: Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on śatāvarī: Narayaṇa Taila, śatavarī ghṛta and śatāvarī maṇdūra. 118: Vaca Family: Araceae. Botanical name: Acorus calamus Linn. Synonyms: Sweet flag (English). Habitat: A. calamus is found in Europe and India. Morphology: A. calamus is an erect aromatic herb. Rhizome occurs in flatened pieces, rough, dark brown in colour. It is pink inside and highly aromatic. Chemical composition: Bitter principle (acorin), resin (acoretin), alkaloid (calamine) and volatile oil (containing asarone). Action: Nootropic. Therapeutics: A. calamus is used in indigestion, obstinate constipation and general debility. Parts used: Rhizome. Dose: Powder (1-2G). Formulations based on Vaca: Vacādi cūrṇa. 119: Mustaka Family: Cyperaceae. Botanical name: Cyperus rotundus Linn. Synonyms: Mothā (Hindi) and Nut grass (English). Habitat: C. rotundus is found in India. Morphology: C. rotundus is annual or perennial herb with tufted rhizome. Leaves are crowded at the base. Roots are tuberous having pleasant smell, black in color. Tubers are of the size of finger ad highly aromatic. Chemical composition: Aromatic oil and fixed oil. Action: Digestive. Therapeutics: C. rotundus is used in diarrhoea. worm infestation, obesity, fevers and urinary infections. Parts used: Tubers. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml) and Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Mustaka: Mustādi leha, Mustādi quātha and Mustāriṣṭa. 120: Uśīra Family: Graminae. Botanical name: Vetiveria zizanoides (Linn.) Nash. Synonyms: Khasa (Hindi) and Khaśakhasa grass (English). Habitat: V. zizanoides is found in India. Morphology: V. zizanoides is annual or perennial grass. Main trunk is aromatic. Leaves are straight and hairy. Roots are aromatic and aroma increases on drying them. Chemical composition: Volatile oil (containing citrol), resin, coloring matter and ferric oxide. Action: Diaphoretic. Therapeutics: V. zizanoides is used in bleeding diathesis, fever, flatulence, Parts used: Roots. Dose: Cold infusion (25-50ml), Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Uśīra: ṣaḍaṇga pānīya and Uśīrāsava. 121: Pippalī Family: Piperaceae. Botanical name: Piper longum Linn. Synonyms: Pīpala (Hindi) and Long pepper (English). Habitat: P. longum is found in India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Sri Lanka. Morphology: P. longum is a climber having typical smell. Leaves are heart shaped and flowers are unisexual and on separate branches. Fruit (pīpala) is long, and becomes red on ripening and dusky on drying. Roots (pīppalī mula) are cylindrical, thick and of brown colour. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (piperine and piplartine), resin (chavicin) and aromatic oil. The root (Pippalimula) contains alkaloids (piplartine and piperlonguminine). Action: Antitussive. Therapeutics: 1. P. longum is used in indigestion, worm infestation, constipation, hiccough and chronic bronchitis. 2. Vardhamāna pippalī is used for tonic action. Parts used: Berries and roots. Dose: Powder (1/2-1G). Formulations based on Pippalī: khaṇḍa and Pippalīāsava. 122. Palāṇḍu Family: Lliaceae. Botanical name: Allium cepa Linn. Synonyms: Piyāz (Hindi) and Onion (English). Habitat: A. cepa is a cultivated herb. Root is fibrous and adventitious. Leaves are cylindrical; flowers are minute and white. Fruit is capsule having small, black seeds. Chemical composition: Fixed oil (containing allyl-prpoyl disulphide), protein, clcium, iron and vitamins (A, B1 and C) and volatile oil. Action: Analgesic. Therapeutics: A. cepa is used in cough, asthma and choleria. It is given n in rectal prolapse, constipation, hemorrhoids and epistaxis. It is used as prophylactic aid in cholera. Seeds are used for aphrodisiac purpose. Parts used: Bulbs. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Second Group (1-229) 1: Mamīrā Family: Ranunculaceae. Botanical name: C*ptis teeta Wall. Synonyms: Mamīrā (Hindi) and Golden Thread root (English). Habitat: C. teeta is found in Himalaya and united States. Morphology: C. teeta is a small herb. Roots are perennial, externally yellow-brown and internally glowing yellow. Leaves are thin, flowers white and seeds are black coloured. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (berberine and coptine). Coptine is colourless alkaloid with slight bitter taste. Therapeutics: Used in the treatment of jaundice and malaria. Parts used: Rhizome. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 2: Nirviṣa Family: Ranunculaceae. Botanical name: Delphinium denudatum Wall. Synonyms: Nirviāṣa (Hindi). Habitat: D. denudatum is found in Himalaya and united States. Morphology: D. denudatum is a small herb. Roots are perennial, externally yellow-brown and internally glowing yellow. Leaves are thin, flowers white and seeds are black coloured. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (delphinine and staphisagrine) delphinine exists as amorphous, yellow crystals. It is highly soluble in alcohol, ether and chloroform but insoluble in water. Action: Antidote to poisons. Therapeutics: Used in the treatment of tooth-ache, debility and convalescence. It is valuable antidote to Aconite and Foxglove poisoning. Parts used: Rhizome. Dose: Powder (.5-1G). 3: Upakuñcikā Family: Ranunculaceae. Botanical name: Nigella sativa L. Synonyms: Kalaungī (Hindi) and small fennel (English). Habitat: N. sativa is found in Europe and India. Morphology: N. sativa is a small herb. Leaves are small flowers light blue. Fruit is black, triangular and aromatic. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (nigellidine), bitter principle (nigellin), fixed oil, volatile oil (containing carvone and D- limonene) and saponin (melathin). Action: Ecbolic. Therapeutics: Used in the treatment of chronic gastritis, ascariasis, flatulence and malaria. The drug is given in menstrual obstruction, dysmenorhoea and difficult labor. Nigellidine is anticancer. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 4: Kaṇdīra Family: Ranunculaceae. Botanical name: Ranunculus scleratus L. Synonyms: Jaldhanya (Hindi) and Celery-leaved crowfoot (English). Habitat: R. sclertatus is found in Western Himalayas. Morphology: R. scleratus is a delicate annual herb. Leaves are lobed and flowers are dark yellow. Fruit is round and hairy. Chemical composition: Glycoside (protoanemonine), anemonic acid and serotonin. Action: anti goiter. Therapeutics: R. scleratus is used in the treatment of goiter, rheumatism and sciatica. The plant is useful in lymphadenitis. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Note: The plant is poisonous. 5: Cavya Family: Piperaceae. Botanical name: Piper chaba Hunter. Synonyms: Cavikā (English). Habitat: P.chaba is found in India. Morphology: P.chaba is a climber. chemical composition: Resin. Action: Carminative. Therapeutics: P.chaba is used in the treatment of indigestion and chronic cough. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 6: Camapaka Family: Magnoliaceae. Botanical name: Michelia champaca L. var. Rheedii. Synonyms: Campā (Hindi) and Golden champa (English). Habitat: M. champaca is found in India. Morphology: M. champaca is evergreen and handsome tree. Leaves are thick, flowers yellow and aromatic. Fruit is oval having brow coloured seeds. Chemical composition: Alkaloid and volatile oil. Action: Refrigent. Therapeutics: M. champaca is used in the treatment of rheumatism, pruritis, tympanites and malaria. Parts used: Bark and leaves. Dose: Powder (1-3G); Decoction (50-100ml). 7: Sītaphala Family: Annonaceae. Botanical name: Annona squamosa L. Synonyms: Sarīfā (Hindi) and Sugar apple (English). Habitat: A. squamosa is found in India. Morphology: A. squamosa is an evergreen tree. Leaves are long and glabrous. Flowers white and fruit are round and tubercled. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (higenamine), resin and aceogenin (squamocin). Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Karma (Action): Balya (Tonic). Therapeutics: A. squamosa is used in the treatment of melancholia and constipation. Squamocin is anticancer. Parts used: Roots and leaves. Dose: Powder (1-2G). Formulations based on Sītāphala: Sītāpahalādi cūrṇa. 8: Kāṣṭhadāru Family: Annonaceae. Botanical name: Polyalthia longifolia Thw. Synonyms: Devadāri (Hindi) and Mast tree (English). Habitat: P. longifolia is found in India and Sri Lanka. Morphology: P. longifolia is and tall, evergreen ornamental tree. Stem bark is brown and thick Leaves are shining green and flowers green and in groups. Chemical composition: Tannin. Action: Febrifuge. Therapetics: P. longifolia is used in the treatment of fevers, polyuria and skin diseases. Parts used: Bark. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). 9: Pātālagāruḍī Family: Menispermaceae. Botanical name: Cocculus villosus DC. syn C. hirsutus (L.) Diels. Synonyms: Jalajamanī and Pātālagāruḍī (Hindi). Habitat: C. villosus is found in India. Morphology: C. villosus is s spreading climber. Leaves are delicate, hairy and polymorphic. Folwers are minute and green. Mature fruit is dark-voliet. Chemical composition: Resin and alkaloid. Action: Antidote. Therapeutics: C. villosus is used in the treatment of skin diseases like dermatitis. It is also used in spermatorrhea and dysuria. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml). 10: Giriparpaṭa Family: Berberidaceae. Botanical name: Podophyllum hexandrum Royle. syn P. emodi Wall. Synonyms: Indian podophyllum (English). Habitat: P. hexandrum is found in Himalaya, Kashmir and Madagascar. Morphology: P. hexandrum is a small herb having simple branch system. Leaves are dissected and oval. Flowers are white or pink. Fruit is egg shaped and seeds are many. Root is perennial, brown and having distinct smell. The aerial part of the plant gets destroyed in winter months. Chemical composition: Resin (podophyllotoxin) and glucoside. podophyllin is Light brown to green-yellow coloured powder with typical herbaceous odour and bitter taste. It is soluble in ether and alcohol but slightly soluble in water. Action: Anticancer. Therapeutics: P. hexandrum is used in the treatment of habitual constipation, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cancer. The paint of the drug is applied on the warts. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Powder (25-50ml); Extract (15-60mg). 11: Kamala Family: Nymphaeaceae. Botanical name: Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Synonyms:h Kamala (Hindi) and Sacred lotus (English). Habitat: N. nucifera is found in China, Japan and India. Morphology: N. nucifera is a water loving herb. Leaves are thin and flowers are white and aromatic. chemical composition: Alkaloids (nuciferine, romarin, nornuciferine and nelimbine) and minerals. Therapeutics: N. nucifera is used as cooling drink in fevers, malnourished children, skin diseases, dysuria and bleeding diathesis. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Kamala: Arvindāsava. 12: Kumuda Family: Nymphaeaceae. Botanical name: Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f. Synonyms: Kuyī (Hindi), Kumuda, Utpala (Sanskrit), Indian red water lily (English). Habitat: N. nouchali is found in China, Japan and india. Morphology: N. nouchali is a water loving herb. Leaves are kidney shaped, dentate and hairy. Flowers are multi coloured. Seeds are oval and red in colour. Chemical composition: Tannic acid and gallic acid. Therapeutics: N. nouchali is used as cooling drink in fevers, malnourished children, skin diseases, dysuria and bleeding diathesis. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Powder (3-6G). 13: Satyānāśī Family: Papaveraceae. Botanical name: Argemone mexicana L. Synonyms: Satyānāśī (Hindi) and Mexical Poppy (English). Habitat: A. mexicana is annual prickly herb. Leaves are long having white lines. Flowers are shining yellow and seeds are black. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (protopine, berberine and argemonine) and oil. Action: Mild laxative. Therapeutics: A. mexicana is used in the treatment of constipation. Root powder is used in tapeworm infestation. Latex obtained from the plant is used as application to corns. Parts used: Milk, seeds, roots and oil. Dose: Powder (1-3G); Latex (5-10 drops); Oil (10-30ml). 14: Makhānā Family: Nymphaeaceae. Botanical name: Euryale ferox Salisb. Synonyms: Makhānā (Hindi), Anala, Devadhānya, Juhvala, Juhvoli, Makhāna, Padmabīja, Pānīyaphala (Sanskrit), Fox nut (English). Habitat: E. ferox is found in America and India. Morphology: E. ferox is water, prickly herb. Leaves are oval or circular, prickly having upper green and lower red surface. Flowers are green and fruit is oval having black coloured seeds. Action: Spermopiotic. Therapeutics: E. ferox is used in the treatment of seminal disorders. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (5-10G). 15: Parpaṭa Family: Fumariaceae. Botanical name: Fumaria vaillanti Loisel syn F. indica Pugsley. Synonyms: Pītapāpaḍā (Hindi), and Fumitory (English). Habitat: F. vaillanti is found in America and India. Morphology: F. vaillanti is an annual herb. Leaves are many, carrot like and dentate. Flowers are white or pink coloured and fruit is oval and round. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (pentatriacontane), fumaric acid and tannin. Action: Thirst depressant. Therapeutics: F. vaillanti is used in the treatment of liver diseases and fevers. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Parpaṭa: Parpaṭādi quātha. 16: Sarṣapa Family: Cruciferae. Botanical name: Brassica campestris Linn. syn B. sarson Prain. Synonyms: Saraso (Hindi) and Mustard (English). Habitat: B. campestris is found in India. Morphology: B. campestris is a perennial herb having yellow flowers. Fruit is pod with several yellow seeds. Chemical composition: Fixed oil, syuplho-cyanide (sinpine), glycoside (sinablin), myrosin, minerals and lecithin. Action: Antipruritic. Therapeutics: Oil is rubifacient and counter irritant. The plant internally is nervine tonic and diuretic. The oil is applied in arthritis, rheumatism and alopecia. According to Kashyapa Samhita, Sasharpa is best drug for enlarged spleen. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Sarṣpa: Jayā vaṭī. 17: Rājikā Family: Cruciferae. Botanical name: Brassica juncea Czern & Coss. Synonyms: Rāī (Hindi) and Indian mustard (English). Habitat: B. juncea is found in India. Morphology: B. juncea is a perennial herb dentate leaves and shinning yellow flowers. Fruit is pod with several reddish-brown seeds. Chemical composition: Fixed oil (containing sinigrin). Therapeutics: B. juncea is used in helmenthiasis and splenomegaly. Parts used: Seeds Dose: Powder (3-6G). 18: Candrasūra Family: Cruciferae. Botanical name: Lepidium sativum Linn. Synonyms: Halima (Hindi) and Garden cress (English). Habitat: L.sativum is found in India. Morphology: L.sativum is an annual herb with white flowers. Fruit is pod with several red boat shaped seeds. Chemical composition: Volatile oil (containing benzyl cyanide and benzyl isothiocynate) and glucoside (glucotropaeolin). Action: Expectorant. Therapeutics. L.sativum is used in the treatment of abdominal pain and seminal disorders. The drug is prescribed after child birth for speedy recovery. the milk preparation of L.sativum is given in rheumatism. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Candrasūra: Caturabīja cūrṇa. 19: Khūbakalān Family: Cruciferae. Botanical name: Sisybrium irio Linn. Synonyms: Khāksi (Hindi) and Hedge mustard (English). Habitat: S. irio is found in Europe and India. Morphology: S. irio is an annual or biennial herb having dentate leaves. Flowers are yellow and small. Fruit is straight with reddish-yellow seeds. Chemical composition: Vitamins and flavonoid (isorhamnetin). Action: Expectorant. Therapeutics: S. irio is used in the treatment of cough and bronchitis. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 20: Todarī Family: Cruciferae. Botanical name: Lepidium iberis Linn. Synonyms Todrī (Hindi) and Pepper wort (English). Habitat: L.iberis is found in India and Iran. Morphology: L.iberis is a prickly herb. Fruit is small with small and flt seeds.The seeds give mucilage with water. Chemical composition: Bitter principle (lepidin) and volatile oil. Action: Expectorant. Therapeutics: L.iberis is used in the treatment of cough and bronchitis. The seeds are used with milk as aphrodisiac tonic. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (3-6G). 21: Mūlaka Family: Cruciferae. Botanical name: Raphanus sativus Linn. Synonyms: Mūlī (Hindi) and Radish (English). Habitat: R. sativus is found i India and Iran. Morphology: R. sativus is an annual herb. Flowers white coloured and fruit is swollen having light-brown seeds. Chmical composition: Volatile oil (containing methyl mercaptan and (-) sulphophene). The seeds contain an active antibacterial principle (aphanin). Action: Digestive. Therapeutics: R. sativus is used in the treatment of urinary ailments and hemorrhoids. Parts used: Leaves, seeds, roots and fruit. Dose: Powder (1-3G); infusion (10-20ml). Formulations based on Mūlaka: śuṣkamūla ghṛta. 22: Tilaparṇī (White flowered) Family: Capparidaceae. Botanical name: Gynandropsis gyandra (=G. pentaphylla) Linn. Synonyms: Hulahula (Hindi) and Dog mustard (English). Habitat: G. gyandra is found in India. Morphology: G. gyandra is a sharp smelling herb. Leaves are hairy and in five in number. Flowers are white coloured and fruit is legume having black seeds. Chemical composition: Fixed oil (containing cleomine). Therapeutics: G. gyandra is used in the treatment of fever and infantile convulsions. The plant is considered ot be antidote to snake and scorpoin poisoning. The juice of the leaves is used as application in filariasis. The drug is useful in infantile convulsions. The powdered seeds mixed with sucrose and given in ascariasis (round worm) and this are followed by castor oil intake. Parts used: Leaves, seeds, and root. Dose: Powder (1-3G); expressed juice (5-10-ml). 22.1: Tilaparṇī (Yellow flowered) Family: Capparidaceae. Botanical name: Clemone viscosa Linn. syn. Clemone isocandra Linn. Synonyms: Hurahura (Hindi) and Dog mustard (English). Habitat: C. viscosa is found in India. Morphology: C. viscosa is a sharp smelling herb. Leaves are hairy and in three-five in number. Flowers are yellow coloured and fruit is legume having black seeds. Chemical composition: Fixed oil (containing viscosin). Recently a lignan (clemiscosin-D) has been isolated. Therapeutics: C. viscosa is used in the treatment of fever and infantile convulsions. The juice is used in the treatment of earache. Parts used: Leaves, seeds, and root. DoseL Powder (1-3G); Expressed juice (5-10ml). 23: Hinśra Gana or Classification according to Ayurveda: Kantakapanchmoola. Family: Capparidaceae. Botanical name: Capparis sepiaria Linn. Synonyms: Hense (Hindi) and Hinśra, Gradhnakhī, Kaṇṭhāri (Sanskrit). Habitat: C. sepairia is found in India. Morphology: C. sepairia is a bushy shrub having sharp thorns. Stem is hairy and dusty coloured. Leaves are oval and small. Flowers are white coloured and in groups. Fruit is round and black coloured. Chemical composition: Alkaloid, glycoside, anthocyanin, terpene and sterols. Action: Anti-inflammatory. Therapeutics: C. sepairia is used in the treatment of rheumatism, fevers, cardiac edema and liver ailments. Parts used: Leaves and roots. Dose: Decoction (50-100-ml). 24: Vyāghranakhī Family: Capparidaceae. Botanical name: Capparis horrida L.f. syn. C. zeylanica L. Synonyms: Karerua (Hindi) and Vyaghranakhi (Sanskrit). Habitat: C. horrida is found in india. Morphology: C. horrida is a bushy shrub having sharp thorns. Flowers are white and fruit is round Chemical composition: Phytosterols. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Action: Anti-inflammatory. Therapeutics: C. horrida is used in the treatment of rheumatism, fevers, cardiac edema and liver ailments. Leaves are used as rubifacient in arthritis and rheumatism. Root bark is used in cholera. Parts used: Leaves and roots. Dose: Decoction (50-100-ml). 25: Karīra Family: Capparidaceae. Botanical name: Capparis decidua (=C. aphylla) Edgew. Synonyms: Karelā (Hindi). Habitat: C. decidua is found in India. Morphology: C. decidua is a dense bushy shrub having sharp thorns. Leaves are thin and pungent in taste. Flowers are pinkish-brown and in groups. Fruit is round and pink in colour. Chemical composition: Alkaloid and glycoside (glucocapparin). Action: Beneficial in hemorrhoids. Therapeutics: C. decidua is used in the treatment of hemorrhoids. rheumatism and dropsy. Parts used: Leaves and roots. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml), powder (1-3G). 26: Banafaśa Family: Voliaceae. Botanical name: Viola odorata Linn. Synonyms: Banafaśā (Hindi) and Sweet violet (English). Habitat: V. odorata is found in India and Iran. Morphology: V. odorata is a small herb. Root is firm and leaves are heart-shaped and dentate. Flowers are bluish-purple and aromatic. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (violine and odotatin), bioflavonoid (rutin) and salicylic acid. Action: Expectorant. Therapeutics: V. odorata is used in the treatment of cough and fevers. Decoction of the root is given in hypertension. Root is emetic and purgative (3 G). Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml), Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Banafaśā: Banafaśādi quātha. 27: Vikaṅkata Family: Flacourtiaceae. Botanical name: Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Synonyms: Kaṭāi (Hindi) and Madagascar plum (English). Habitat: F. indica is found in India. Morphology: F. indica is shrub or tree. Leaves are many and dentate. Flowers are yellow-green, in groups. Fruit is oval or round, red coloured with many seeds. Chemical composition: Flacourtin. Action: Urinary astringent. Therapeutics: F. indica is used in polyuria, pharyngitis and diarrhoea. Parts used: Fruit and bark. Dose: Decoction (50-100-ml). 28: Punnāga Family: Guttiferae. Botanical name: Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. Synonyms: Sultāna campā (Hindi) and Alexandrian laurel (English). Habitat: C. inophyllum is found in India. Morphology: C. inophyllum is an evergreen tree. Leaves are oval and shining. Flowers are white and aromatic. Fruit is oval, yellow coloured and yields oil. Chemical composition: Fridelin, tannin and flavonoids. Action: Haemostatic. Therapeutics: C. inophyllum is used in bleeding, dysentery and skin diseases. Parts used: Seeds, bark and oil. Dose: Decoction (50-100-ml) oil (2-5 drops). 29: Surpunnāga Family: Guttiferae. Botanical name: Mammea longifolia Planch. & Triana. Synonyms: Lala nāgakeśara (Hindi), Nameru, Surpunnāga, Surpurṇikā (Sanskrit). Habitat: M. longifolia is found in India. Morphology: M. longifolia is an evergreen and tall tree. Stem-bark is of dusky red colour. Leaves are long and thick. Flowers are white of pink and aromatic. Fruit is oval having 1-4 seeds. Chemical composition: Essential oil. Action: Hemostatic. Therapeutics: M.longifolia is used in bleeding, dysentery and skin diseases. Parts used: Seeds, bark and oil. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml) oil (2-5 drops). 30: Tamāla Family: Guttiferae. Botanical name: Garcinia morella (Gaertn) Desr. Synonyms: Tamāla (Hindi) and Gambose (English). Habitat: G. morella is found in China and India. Morphology: G. morella is a medium-sized and evergreen tree. Leaves are thick and oval. Flowers are covered in leaves. Fruit is oval having 4 seeds. Seed are flat, brown and oval. Chemical composition: Coloring matter (morellin), Garcinalic acid and guttiferin. Action: Mild laxative. Therapeutics: G. morella is given in liver congestion, hypertension, edema and tympanites. The drug is never given alone. Parts used: Gum resin. Dose: Gum resin (125-250 mg). 31: Sarja Family: Dipteraceae. Botanical name: Vateria indica Linn. Synonyms: Kehruvā (Hindi) and White dammar, Indian copal (English). Habitat: V. indica is found in India. Morphology: V. indica is a large tree. Fruit is oval and has three valves. Each valve contains one seed. Resin is known as dammar. Chemical composition: Oil. Action: Urinary astringent. Therapeutics: V. indica is given in dysuria, diarrnoea dysentery and vaginal disease. Parts used: Gum resin. Dose: Gum resin (125-250 mg). 32: Vṛkṣāmla Family: Guttiferae. Botanical name: Garcinia indica Choisy. Synonyms: Vṛkṣāmla (Sanskrit) and kokam butter tree (English). Habitat: G. indica is found in India. Morphology: G. indica is and evergreen tree. Branches are delicate. Leaves are dark green coloured above and pale yellow coloured below. Fruit is round and violet coloured. It has 4-8 seeds. Chemical composition: Oil (Kokam butter). Therapeutics: G. indica is given in treatment of fevers. Kokam butter is used as soothing application to skin. Parts used: Bark, root and oil. Dose: Syrup (10-20ml), Decoction (40-80ml). 33: Aśvakarṇa Family: Guttiferae. Botanical name: Dipterocarpus turbinatus Gaertn.f. Synonyms: Aśvakarṅa (Sanskrit) and Wood-oil tree (English). Habitat: D. turbinatus is found in India. Morphology: D.turbinatus is a tall and thick tree. The trunk on incision yields oil known as gurjun oil. Chemical composition: Volatile oil containing sesquiterpenes (aromadendrene and copaene). Action: Antispetic. Therapeutics: D. turbinatus is given in treatment of skin diseases and chronic pyuria. Parts used: Oleo-resin. Dose: Powder (3-6G). 34: Latākastūrī Family: Malvaceae. Botanical name: Hibiscus abelmoschus Linn. Synonyms: Latākastūrī (Hindi), Lātakastūrikā (Sanskrit) and Musk mallow (English). Habitat: H. abelmoschus is found in India. Morphology: H. abelmoschus is a hairy herb. The stem bark is fibrous and leaves are hairy. Flowers are yellow and large. Fruit is hairy and contains bean shaped, flat, aromatic and brown coloured seeds. Chemical composition: Fixed oil (contains ketone known as ambrettolide) resin and bitter principle. Therapeutics: H. abelmoschus is given in treatment of halitosis, upper respiratory and urinary tract infections. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 35: Pāriśa Family: Malvaceae. Botanical name: Thespesia populnea Soland. ex. Corr. Synonyms: Pārasapīpāl (Hindi), Gardbhanda, Kapitana, Pārṃḷśvapippala, Pārisa, (Sanskrit) and Portia tree (English). Habitat: T. populnea is found in India. Morphology: T. populnea is an evergreen tree. Leaves are heary shaped. Flowers are yellow with violet base. Fruit is and flat having flat seeds. The tree yields gum of bright-brown colour. Chemical composition: Gossypiol, tannin, red coloring matter and oil. Action: Urinary astringent. Therapeutics: T. populnea is given in treatment of skin diseases, diarrhoea, polyuria and obesity. Parts used: Bark. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). 36: Khatmī Family: Malvaceae. Botanical name: Althoea officinalis Linn. Synonyms: Marsh mallow (English). Habitat: A. officinalis is found in Europe and India. Morphology: A. officinalis is a perennial hairy herb. Leaves are oval, rough and dentate. Flowers are pink. Fruit contains flat and black flat having flat seeds. Chemical composition: Asparagin and mucilage (containing bassorin). Action: Expectorant. Therapeutics: A. officinalis is given in treatment of bronchitis, urinary tract infections and colitis. Parts used: Roots, leaves and seeds. Dose: Powder (3-6G). 37: Kāpāsa Family: Malvaceae. Botanical name: Gossypium herbaceum Linn. Synonyms: Kapāsa (Hindi) and Cotton (English). Habitat: G. herbaceum is found in America, Africa and Asia. Morphology: G. herbaceum is a bushy shrub. Branches are large and hairy. Leaves are dissected and resembles with papaya. Flowers are yellow. Fruit is oval flat having flat seeds having hairs. Chemical composition: Coloring matter (gossypiol) and starch. Action: Ecbolic. Therapeutics: G. herbaceum is given in treatment of amenorrhea and dysmenorrhoea. Expressed juice is given in anemia. Infusion of seeds is given in fever, snake bite and datura poisoning. Parts used: Root and oil (cotton seed). Dose: Powder (3-6G), decoction (50-100ml). 38: Mucakunda Family: Sterculiaceae. Botanical name: Pterospermum acerifollium Willd. Synonyms: Mucakunda (Hindi). Habitat: P.acerifolium is an evergreen tree. Bark is dusky-brown in colour. Leaves are dentate and have minute hairs. Flowers are white-yellow and aromatic. Fruit is round having brown coloured seeds. Chemical composition: Flavonoids and volatile oil. Action: analgesic. Therapeutics: P.acerifolium is given in treatment of leucorrhoea and bleeding diathesis. Parts used: Flowers. Dose: Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Mucakunda: Himānśu taila. 39: Pisachakarpasa Family: Sterculiaceae. Botanical name: Abroma augusta Lam. Synonyms: Ulaṭakambla (Hindi) and Devil's cotton (English). Habitat: A. augusta is found in India. Morphology: A. augusta is a hairy shrub or under-tree. Stem bark contains fiber. Leaves are broad and dentate. Flowers are violet and fruit contains brown coloured seeds. Chemical composition: Gum, resin, magnesium and wax. Action: Emmenagouge. Therapeutics: A. augusta is given in the treatment of congestive and spasmodic dysmenorrhoea. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Powder (1-3G); Expressed juice (5-10ml). 40: āvartanī Family: Sterculiaceae. Botanical name: Helicteres isora Linn. Synonyms: Maroraphalī (Hindi) and India screw plant (English). Habitat: H. isora is found in India. Morphology: H. isora is a shrub or under-tree. Stem bark is dusky. Leaves are dentate having hairy undersurface. Flowers are red and fruit is greenish-brown. Chemical composition: Disogenin, fiber, coloring matter, saponin, lignin and cucurbitacin B. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: H. isora is given in the treatment of diabetes insipidus, diarrhoea and bleeding diathesis. Parts used: Bark, fruit, and root. Dose: Powder (3-6G); Decoction (50-100ml). 41: Parūṣaka Family: Tiliaceae. Botanical name: Grewia asiatica Linn. Synonyms: Pālysā (Hindi) and Phālsa (English). Habitat: G. asiatica is found in India, Sri Lanka and Burma. Morphology: G. asiatica is a deciduous tree. Flowers are red and yellow. Fruit is reddish beery. Chemical composition: Glycosides. Therapeutics: G. asiatica is given in the treatment of fever and diarrhoea. Parts used: Fruit. Dose: Extract (10-20ml). 42: Gaṅgerukī Family: Tiliaceae. Botanical name: Grewia tenax (Forsk.) Aschers. Synonyms: Gaṅgerukī (Sanskrit). Habitat: G. tenax is found in India. Morphology: G. tenax is a shrub. Flowers are yellow and slightly aromatic. Fruit is orange coloured. Chemical composition: Oil. Therapeutics: G. tenax is given in the treatment of dysentery. Parts used: Bark and fruit. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). 43: Guḍaśkara Family: Tiliaceae. Botanical name: Grewia hirsuta Vahl. Synonyms: Gulaśakarī (Hindi). Habitat: G. hirsuta is found in India. Morphology: G. hirsuta is a shrub. Flowers are yellow. Ripe fruit is edible. Chemical composition: Oil. Therapeutics: G. hirsuta is given in the treatment of general debility, abortion, rheumatism, loss of memory and malaria. Parts used: Root. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml), Powder (3-6G). 44: Dhanvana Family: Tiliaceae. Botanical name: Grewia tiliaefolia Vahl. Synonyms: Dhāmini (Hindi). Habitat: G. tiliaefolia is a tree. Bark is dusky. Leaves are hairy, dentate and heary shaped. Flowers arer yellow. Fruit is black with 3-6 seeds. Chemical composition: Tannins. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: G. tiliaefolia is given in the treatment of dysentery and bleeding diathesis. Parts used: Bark and fruit. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). 45: Atasī Family: Linaceae. Botanical name: Linum usitatissium Linn. Synonyms: Alasī (Hindi) and Linseed, Flax (English). Habitat: L. usitatissium is cultivated in India and Europe. Morphology: L. usitatissium is an annual herb. Leaves have three veins and flowers are blue. Seeds are black-brown, flat, oval and two in number. Chemical composition: Mucilage (containing xylose, arabninose and galactouronic acid), oil (oil aof flaxseed), glucoside (linmarine), minerals and vitamins. Action: Mild laxative, fried flax is astringent and oil is carminative. Therapeutics: The plant is given in urinary tract infections. Flax mixed with lime is applied to burns. Fried flax is given in diarrhoea and dysentery. Oil (5 ml) is given in constipation and tympanites. Parts used: Flowers, seeds and oil. Dose: Powder (3-6G); Oil (5-10ml). 46: Caṅcu Family: Tiliaceae. Botanical name: Cochorus capsularis Linn. Synonyms: Chenehi (Hindi) and Kālaśāa (Sanskrit). Habitat: C. capsularis is found in India. Morphology: C. capsularis is an erect and annual herb. Leaves are long and flowers are yellow. Chemical composition: Glucoside (Capsalarin). Therapeutics: The plant is given in treatment of dysentery and liver ailments. Parts used: Roots and leaves. Dose: Infusion (20-40ml). 47: Karmaraṅga Family: Oxalidaceae. Botanical name: Averrhoa carambola Linn. Synonyms: Kamarakha (Hindi) Bhavya, Karmaraṅga, Rāmaphala, Picchila bījaka (Sanskrit) and Carambola tree (English). Habitat: A. carambola is cultivated in India. Morphology: A. carambola is a small tree. Leaves alternate and flowers are purple or white, Fruit is yellowish green. Chemical composition: Potassium oxalate and proteins. therapeutics: The plant is cooling aid in fevers. Also used in fevers and scurvy. Parts used: Fruit. Dose: Infusion (20-40ml). 48: Bījapūraka Family: Rutaceae. Botanical name: Citrus medica Linn. Synonyms: Bijaurā (Hindi) and Citron (English). Habitat: C. medica is found in India. Morphology: C. mudica is a shrub or small tree. Branches are thick and thorny. Leaves are large and flowers are white. Fruit is oval or round yellow when mature. Peel is thick and aromatic. Fruit pulp is light-yellow, sweet or sour in small quantity. Chemical composition: Bitter principle (naringenin) and volatile oil (contains citrene, citrol, cymene and citronellal). Juice contains citric acid. Therapeutics: Fruit is given in alcoholism, epistaxis, hearth ailments, dyspepsia and dysmenorrhea. The bark is anthelmintic. Parts used: Fruit. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml). Formulations based on Bījapūraka: Bijapūrakādya ghṛta and Mātuluṅgādi yoga. 49: Harmala Family: Rutaceae. Botanical name: Peganum harmala Linn. Synonyms: Kamarakha (Hindi) and Syria rue (English). Habitat: P. harmala is found in India, Iran and North Africa. Morphology: P.harmala is a perennial herb. Flowers are white. Fruit is round having flat and dusky seeds. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (harmine, harmaline, peganole and vasicine) and resin. Action: Emmenagouge. Therapeutics: P.harmala is used in anemorrhea, malaria, general debility, sciatica and renal calculus. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 50: Amlavetasa Family: Guttiferae. Botanical name: Garcinia pedunculata Roxb. Synonyms: Amlaveta (Hindi). Habitat: G. pedunculata is found and cultivated in India. Morphology: G. pedunculata is a tree. Branches are small and spreading. Leaves are thick and flowers light-green coloured. Fruit is large, yellow; fruit pulp is acidic having 8-10 bean shaped seeds. Chemical composition: Malic acid. Therapeutics: G. pedunculata is given in indigestion, constipation, dysuria and loss of appetite. Parts used: Fruit. Dose: Expressed juice (5-10ml). 51: Aralū Family: Simaruhaceae. Botanical name: Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Synonyms: Ghoranīma (Hindi). Habitat: A. excelsa is found in India. Morphology: A. excelsa is a foul smelling tree. Bark is light dusky coloured, yellow internally. Leaves are hairy and dentate. Flowers yellow. Chemical composition: Acid principle (ailantic acid), quassnoid (ailanthone), vitexin and B-sitosterol. Therapeutics: A. excelsa is given in fevers,diarrhoea, obesity, diabetes mellitus and loss of appetite. It is particularly useful in amoebiasis and giardiasis. Confection prepared from A. excelsa is useful in bloody diarrhoea. Parts used: Bark and leaves. Dose: Expressed juice (5-10ml), Powder (1-3G), Extract (1G). Formulations based on Aralū: Aralūpuṭapāka. 52: Iṅguda Family: Simaroubaceae. Botanical name: Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile Synonyms: Hiṅgua (Hindi), Bhallāki, Iṅguda, Tpasa druma, Vāṛkṣakaṇṭaka (Sanskrit), Desert Date (English). Habitat: B. aegyptiaca is found in India. Morphology: B. aegyptiaca is a dusky, hairy and thorny shrub or tree. Leaves contain thorns and flowers are green-yellow. Fruit is oval and yellow. Fruit pulp is reddish-green and foul smelling. Seeds yield aggressively smelling oil. Chemical composition: Saponin. Action: Anthelmintic. Therapeutic: B. aegyptiaca is given in constipation, worm infestation, chronic cough, dysuria and leucoderma. Parts used: Fruit pulp, bark, leaves and oil. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml), Powder (1-3G), Oil (5-10 drops). 53: Bola Family: Burseraceae. Botanical name: Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. Synonyms: Hīrābola (Hindi) and Myrrh (English). Habitat: C. myrrha is found in Arabia, Northeast Africa. Morphology: C. myrrha is a tree. The stem on incision yields ole-resin, which occurs as fragile, brown coloured, aromatic and bitter substance. Chemical composition: Resin (Myrrhin), volatile oil (contains myrrhol) and bitter principle. Action: Expectorant. Therapeutics: C. myrrha is given in arthritis, rheumatism, chronic bronchitis and dysuria. It is used locallly as astringent and antiseptic application to ulcers. Parts used: Oleo-resin. Dose: Oleo-resin (1/2-1 G). 54: Sallākī Family: Burseraceae. Botanical name: Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Coleb. Synonyms: Salāī (Hindi), Gajabhāṣka, Gandhariva, Kundurukī, Mahiruha, Moṭhī, Sallāī, Susrāva, Valllākī, Vanakarṇikā (Sanskrit), Indian Olibanum tree (English). Habitat: B. serrata is found in India. Morphology: B. serrata is a medium sized tree. Stem-bark is red or dusky and aromatic. Leaves are dentate and large. Flowers are small, aromatic and white coloured. Fruit is triangular having three seeds. Chemial composition: Pentacyclic triterpene Acids (boswellic acids) and oil (boswellia oil). Therapeutics: B. serrata is given in the treatment of osteoarthritis, heumatoid arthritis and bronchial asthma. It is also given in skin diseases, hronic cough. chronic fevers and diarrhoea. Parts used: Oleo-resin. Dose: Oleo-resin (1-3G), Decoction (50-100ml). 55: Kundrū Family: Burseraceae. Botanical name: Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Coleb. Synonyms: śallākī niryāsa (Hindi) and Oleo-gum-resin (English). Habitat: B. serrata is found in India. Morphology: Kundrū is oleo-gum-resin obtained from the stem bark of B. serrata. Macerated with milk, oleo-gum-resin forms emulsion. Chemical composition: Boswellic acid and oil (boswellia oil). Therapeutics: B. serrata is given in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and bronchial asthma. Parts used: Oleo-resin. Dose: Oleo-resin (1-3G), Decoction (50-100ml). 56: Mā*sarohiṇī Family: Meliaceae. Botanical name: Soymida febrifuga A. Juss Synonyms: Rohana (Hindi) and Indian red wood (English). Habitat: S. febrifuga is found East India. Morphology: S. febrifuga is a strong tree. Flowers are small and green-white. fruit is oval and red coloured. Chemical composition: Tetranotriterpenoids, resin and tannin. Therapeutics: S. febrifuga is given in diarrhoea, dysentery, fracture healing and malaria. Parts used: Bark. Dose: Powder (3-6G), Decoction (25-50ml). 57: Badara Family: Rhamnaceae. Botanical name: Zizyphus jujuba L. Synonyms: Bera (Hindi) and Indian Jujube (English). Habitat: Z. jujuba is found in India. Morphology: Z. jujuba is a much branched and thorny tree. Stem bark is dull balck. Leaves are delicate and flowers greenish-yellow. Fruit is fleshy, yellow coloured and contains one seed. Chemical composition: Mucilage, zizphic acid and tannin. Therapeutics: Z. jujuba is given in leucorrhoea and diarrhoea. Parts used: Bark, leaves and fruit. DoseL Decoction (50-100ml). 58: Unnāva Family: Rhamnaceae. Botanical name: Zizyphus sativa Gaertn. Synonyms: Rājabadara, Unnāva (Sanskrit), Indian Jujube (English). Habitat: Z. sativa is found in India. Morphology: Z. sativa is a small tree. Leaves are minute delicate and fruit is fleshy, and contains one seed. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (Fragulamine, nummularine B, mucronine D and sativarine) and terephathalic acid. Therapeutics: Z. sativa is given in leucorrhoea, diarrhoea and menorrhagia. Syrup prepared from dried fruitd is given in chronic bronchitis. Parts used: Root, leaves and fruit. Dose: Decoction (10-20ml). 59: Drākṣā Family: Vitiaceae. Botanical name: Vitis vinifera Linn. Synonyms: Munakkā (Hindi), Drākṣā, Gostanī, Guḍa, Harahura, Madhuphala, Madhuyoni, Phalottama, Rasāla, Svadvī (Sanskrit), Grape (English). Habitat: V. vinifera is found in Afghanistan and India. Morphology: V. vinifera is a climber. Leaves are heart shaped and hairy. Flowers are green and in groups. Fruit is round having 3-5 seeds. Chemical composition: Tartaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid and fixed oil. Therapeutics: V. vinifera is given in alcoholism, jaundice, constipation, bleeding diathesis, bronchitis, burning urine and general debility. Parts used: Root, leaves and fruit. Formulation based on Drākṣā: Drākṣāriṣṭa and Drākṣādileha. 60: Asthiśṛṅkhalā Family: Vitiaceae. Botanical name: Cissus quadrangularis Linn. Synonyms: Haḍajor (Hindi) and Ekible-stemmed vine (English). Habitat: C. quadrangularis is found in India. Morphology: C. quadrangularis is long ascending climber. Brach is green. Leaves are heart shaped and dentate. Flowers are small, green-white, hairy and in groups. Fruit is round, red coloured and contains one seed. Chemical composition: Calium oxalate, *-carotene and ascorbic acid. Therapeutics: C. quadrangularis is given in diarrhoea and dysentery. Expressed juice is especially prescribed for speedy healing of fractures. Parts used: Stem and leaves. Dose: Extract (10-20ml). Formulations based on Asriśṛṅkhalā: Asthisa*hāra taila. 61: Ariṣṭaka Family: Sapindacae. Botanical name: Sapindus trifoliatus Linn. Synonyms: Rīṭhā (Hindi) and Soap-nut tree (English). Habitat: S. trifoliatus is found in South India. Morphology: S. trifoliatus is a tall tree. Leaves are oval and flowers are white, hairy and in dense group. Dried fruit is black-brown and contricted. Seeds is black and mucilaginous. Chemical composition: Glycoside (emarginatoside) and saponin (mucorosin). Action: Emetic. Therapeutics: S. trifoliatus is given in constipation. It is beneficial in helmenthiasis, skin diseases and dysmenorrhea. The drug finds application in opium poisoning. Parts used: Fruit. Dose: Powder (3-6G). 62: Kośāmra Family: Sapindaceae. Botanical name: Scheichera oleosa (Lour) Merr. Synonyms: Kusuma (Hindi) and Ceylon oak (English). Habitat: S. oleosa is found in India. Morphology: S. oleosa is a tall tree. Stem bark is dusky and red internally. Leaves are oval and flowers are yellow-green. Fruit is thorny, round having 1-2 seeds. Seeds are brown, oily and flat. Seed is black and mucilaginous. Chemucal composition: Tannins and fatty oil (contains hydrocyanic) acid, oleic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, and palmitic acid). Oil is known as Macassar oil. Action: Antipruritic. Therapeutics: S. oleosa is given in lumbago and pruritis. Decoction of the bark is given in malaria and leucorrhea. Parts used: Fruit pulp and bark. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml), Oil (5-10ml). 63: āmra Family: Anacardiaceae. Botanical name: Mangifera indica Linn. Synonyms: Ama (Hindi) and Mango (English). Habitat: M. indica is found in India. Morphology: M. indica is a tall tree. Leaves emit smell on bruising. Flowers are small, green and aromatic. Fruit green when unripe and red when ripe. Frit pulp is aromatic, sweet and yellow coloured. Chemical composition: Chlorophyll, xanthone (mangiferin), tannins, ascorbic acid, carbon bisulphide, benzol and gum. Seed pulp on distillation yields mango butter. Action: Antipruritic. Therapeutics: M. indica is given diarrhoea. bleeding diathesis, polyuria and pyuria. Parts used: Fruit, leaves and flowers. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml), Powder (3-6G), Expressed juice (10-20ml). Formulations based on āmra: āmrapānka and puṣyānuga cūrṇa. 64: Tintiḍīka Family: Anacardiaceae. Botanical name: Rhus parviflora Roxb. Synonyms: Samakdana (Hindi) and Sumac (English). Habitat: R. parviflora is found in South Himalayas. Morphology: R. parviflora is a shrub or small tree. Stem bark is thin and red-brown. leaves are bean shaped oval and flowers are reddish. Fruit is oval, shinning and red in colour. Chemical composition: Tannins and flavonoids. Therapeutics: R. parviflora is given in diarrhoea and fevers. Parts used: Fruit. Dose: 3-6G. 65: Priyāla Family: Anacardiaceae. Botanical name: Buchanania latifolia Roxb. syn B. lanzan Spreng. Synonyms: Ciraujī (Hindi). Habitat: B. latifolia is a tree. Stem bark is thick and dark-brown in colour. Flowers are small and white. Fruit is round, black and sweet. Chemical composition: Oil (contains stearic, oleic and linoleic acid), tannin and protein. Action: Anti-urticarial. Therapeutics: Oil is used in alopecia and lymphadenitis. It finds application in treatment of urticaria, chronic fevers, general debility and rheumatism. Parts used: Bark and seeds. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). 66: Aṅkoṭa Family: Alangiaceae. Botanical name: Alangium lamarckii Thwaites. Synonyms: Aṅkola (Hindi). Habitat: A. lamarckii is found in South India. Morphology: A. lamarckii is a bushy tree. Stem bark is dusky. Branches are white and have sharp thorns. Flowers are small and white. Fruit is round, black and sweet. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (alangine, akharkantine, akoline and lamarkine). Therapeutics: A. lamarckii is used in the treatment of fevers, worm infestation, hemorrhoids, dropsy and hypertension. It is also given in pyuria and skin diseases. Nasal administration of the drug is said to be tonic. Alangium suphate is antihypertensive. Parts used: Rootbark. Dose: Powder (1-2G). 67: Rūmīmastagī Family: Anacardiaceae. Botanical name: Pistacia lentiscus Linn. Synonyms: Rūmīmastagī (Hindi) and Mastic (English). Habitat: P. lentiscus is found in South Europe, North Africa and Asia Minor. Morphology: P. lentiscus is a shrub or under-tree. Fruit is round and black. The main axis and branches contain gum (popularly known as Rumimastagi. The gum occurs as yellow-white ad round granules. Chemical composition: Essential oil, masticonic acid, masticinic acid, masticolic acid and bitter principle. Action: Expectorant. Therapeutics: P. lentiscus is used in the treatment of halitosis, tympanites, malabsorption dysuria and dysmenorrhoea. Parts used: Gum. Dose: 1-3G. 68: Guñjā Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Abrus precatorius Linn. Synonyms: Rattī (Hindi) and Crab's eye or Indian liquorice (English). Habitat: A. precatorius is found in India. Morphology: A. precatorius is a climber.Flowers are red or blue. Fruit is legume, shining, red coloured having black eye. Chemical composition: Haemagglutinin, lectin* (abrin), urease, alkaloids (abrine and precatorine), glucoside (arbalin), triterpene saponin (glycyrrhizin) and coloring matter (abarnin). Therapeutics: Seeds are poisonous when applied on open wounds. Internally seeds are demulcent and expectorant. Used in bronchitis and peptic ulcer. Parts used: Seeds, roots and leaves. Dose: Powder (60-180mg for seeds), Powder (1-3G for leaves). Formulations based on Gunja: Gunjabhadra rasa and gunja taila. 69: Agastya Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Sesbenia grandiflora Pers. Synonyms: August (Hindi), Agastya, Baṅgasena, Madhuśigru, Munidruma Vaṅgasenahvā, Vakrapuṣpā (Sanskrit). Habitat: S. grandiflora is found in India and Malaysia. Morphology: S. grandiflora is a rapidly growing tree. Leaves are mucilaginous and green. Flower is white coloured and fruit is legume having 15-20 seeds. Chemical composition: Tannins, proteins, minerals, vitamins and red coloured resin. Action: Antitussive. Therapeutics: S. grandiflora is used in the treatment of bronchitis and common cold. Expressed juice with honey is given in diarrhoea and malabsorption. Ripe fruit is considered to be useful in poor memory. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml); Decoction (50-100ml). 70: Jayantī Family: Legumunosae. Botanical name: Sesbenia aegyptiaca Pers.syn Sesbenia sesban Merrill Synonyms: Jaint (Hindi). Habitat: S. aegyptiaca is found in India. Morphology: S. aegyptiaca is a small tree. Flowers are yellow coloured with re spots. Fruit is legume having 20-30 seeds. Chemical composition: Cellulose. alkali and vitamin C. Action: Kāsahara (antitussive). Therapeutics: S. aegyptiaca is used in the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery. Expressed juice is given in worm infestation. Vegetable prepared from the plant is beneficial in patients suffering from common cold. Decoction of the leaves is given in polyuria. Root is administered with milk in leucoderma. Seeds are beneficial in splenomegaly. Parts used: Bark and seeds. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml), Decoction (50-100ml), Powder (2-6G). Formulations based on Jayantī: Jayavaṭī. 71: Nīlinī Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Indigofera tinctoria Linn. Synonyms: Jaint (Hindi) and Indigo (English). Habitat: I. tinctoria is found in India. Morphology: I. tinctoria is a shrub having fragile and hairy branches. Leaves are green coloured and oval. Flowers arer red coloured and fruit is legume having 8-12seeds. Chemical composition: Glycoside (indican), galactomannan and coloring matter (indigotin). Therapeutics: I. tinctoria is used in the treatment of constipation, liver disease, heart palpitaions and gout. Expressed juice of leaves is given in hydrophobia and decoction of root is given in arsenic poisoning. In malaria, I. tinctoria is given along with Piper nigrum. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). 72: śa*khapuṣpī Family: Convolvulaceae. Botanical name: Convolvulus plauricaulis choisy. Synonyms: śahkāhulī (Hindi) and śaṅhkapuṣpī (Sanskrit). Habitat: C. plauricaulis is commonly found in India. Morphology: C. plauricaulis is a spreading hairy and perennial herb. Leaves have hairy surfaces. Flowers are white or light rose coloured. Fruit is capsule having minute seeds. Chemical composition: Resin and alkaloid (convolvuline). Action: Nootropic. Therapeutics: C. plauricaulis is used in the treatment of constipation, loos of memory and skin diseases. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Powder (3-6G). 73: Aśmantaka Family: Moraceae. Botanical name: Ficus rumphii Blume. Synonyms: Gajna (Hindi) and Aśmantaka (Sanskrit). Habitat: F. rumphii is commonly found in India. Morphology: F. rumphii is a medium sized or large tree. Flowers are round and black coloured when ripe. Chemical composition: Rubber and *-amyrin. Action: Urinary astringent. Therapeutics: F. rumphii is used in the treatment of polyuria and obesity. Milk is emetic and bark is anthemintic. Parts used: Bark, milk and fruit. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). 74: Gorakṣagañjā Family: Amaranthaceae. Botanical name: aerva lanata Juss.ex Schult. Snonyms: Gorakhganja (Hindi) and Gorakṣañjā (Sanskrit). Habitat: A. lanata is commonly found in India. Morphology: A. lanata is an erect or spreading herb. Root smells like camphor. Branches are many are hairy. Leaves bean or oval shaped and hairy. Flowers are green-white. Seeds arer black. Action: Lithiontriptic. Therapeutics: A. lanata is used in the treatment of the treatment of headache, renal calculus and dysuria. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). 75: Mudgaparṇī Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Phaseolus tripobus Ait. Synonyms: Vanamuṅga (Hindi). Habitat: P. trilobus is commonly found in India. Morphology: P. trilobus is a spreading herb. Leaves are trilobed and flowers are yellow. Fruit is flat, long with 1-12 seeds. Seeds are black. Chemical composition: Flavonoids. Therapeutics: P. trilobus is used in diarrhoea, hemorrhoids, spermatorrhoea and fevers. Parts used: Whole plant and roots. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). 76: Māṣaparṇī Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Teramnus labialis Spreng. Synonyms: Vanaurda (Hindi) and Hayapucchika, Kamboji, Krsnavrnta, Mahasaha, Mamsamasa, Masaparni, Simhamukhi, Svajumasa (Sanskrit). Habitat: T. labialis is commonly found in India. Morphology: T. labialis is a climber. Leaves are hairy and flowers are white or pink. Fruit is legume with 8-10 seeds. seeds are black when ripe. Chemical composition: Glucosides. Therapeutics: T. labialis is used in diarrhoea, hemorrhoids, spermatorrhoea and fevers. Parts used: Whole plant and roots. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). Powder (3-6G). 77: Bījaka Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Synonyms: Vijayasāra (Hindi) and Indian kino tree (English). Habitat: P. marsupium is commonly found in India. Morphology: P. marsupium is a tree having dusky bark. Flowers are yellow and aromatic. Fruit is with 1-2 seeds. Seeds are black when ripe. Chemical composition: Tannins (kino-tannic acid), pyrocatechin, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid and coloring matter (kino-red). Action: Urinary astringent. Therapeutics: P. marsupium is used in treatment of bleeding disorders, diarrhoea, dysentery and diabetes mallitus. Parts used: Bark and extract (kino). Dose: Decoction (50-100ml), Powder (3-6G), Extract (1-G). 78: śi*śapā Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Synonyms: śīśama (Hindi), Kapila, Kṛṣṇasāra, Saramaṇḍala patrikā, śi*śapā (Sanskrit) and śīśo (English). Habitat: D. śīśo is commonly found in India. Morphology: D. śīśo is a tall tree having dusky and thick bark. Flowers are small, and yellow. Fruit is flat, dusky and hairy. Seeds 1-3 or occasionally 4. Chemical composition: Fixed oil. Action: Alterative. Therapeutics: D. sissoo is used in treatment of fevers, pyuria, skin diseases and worm infestation. Parts used: Bark, leaves and root. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml), Powder (3-6G). 79: Pāribhadra Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Erythrina indica Lam. syn E. variegata Linn. Synonyms: Pharad (Hindi) and Indian coral tree (English). Habitat: E. indica is commonly found in India. Morphology: E. indica is a medium sized, rapidly growing tree. Main branch is dusky, shining and fragile. Sub-branches have thorns. Flowers are large and red. Fruit contains flat and brown coloured 12 seeds. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (erytherine, erisodine, erisovine, hypaphorine, erisopine, erisotrine, erisotine erisotrine, erisodine and erythraline). resin and fixed oil. Therapeutics: E. indica is used in treatment of fever, constipation, general debility and diarrhoea. The pant is used in nuxvomica poisoning. Expressed juice is used in earache. Parts used: Bark and leaves. Dose: Decoction: (50-100ml). Formulations based on Pāribhadra: Pāribhadrāvaleha. 80: Vīrataru Family: Gramineae. Botanical name: Dichrostachya cineria W.& A. Synonyms: Vurturli (Hindi). Habitat: D. cineria is commonly found in India. Morphology: D. cineria is a shrub kor under-tree. Flowers are pink and yellow. Seeds are 6-10 in number. Chemical composition: Flavonoids. Action: Lithiontriptic. Therapeutics: D. cineria is used in treatment of clculus, dysuria and arthritis. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). Formulations based on Vīrataru: Vīratarvādi quātha. 81: Amlikā Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Tamarindus indica Linn. Synonyms: Imalī (Hindi) and Tamarind (English). Habitat: T. indica is a tree. Leaves are pinnate and flowers reddish-yellow. Fruit is compressed and seeds are 3-12 in number. Chemical composition: acetic acid, citric acid, malic acid and tartaric acid and Alkaloid (hordenine). Therapeutics: T. indica is used as cooling drink in fevers. It is used in constipaation and tympanites. Parts used:Fruit. 82: śamī Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Prosopis cineraria Druce. Synonyms: Chonkar (Hindi). Habitat: P. cineraria is found in India. Morphology: P. cineraria is medium sized thorny tree. Leaves pennate; prickles conical. Flowers yellow, fruit legume having flat 10-14 seeds. Chemical composition: Flavone glycoside (patulitrin) and gum. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: P. cineraria is used in diarrhoea, skin diseases and vertigo. Parts used: Bark and fruit. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml); Powder (3-6G). 83: Patrāṅga Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Caesalpinia sappan Linn. Synonyms: Pataṅga (Hindi) and sappan (English). Habitat: C. sappan is found in South India, Malaysia and Sri Lanka. Morphology: C. sappan is small thorny tree. Leaves compound and flowers yellow. Fruit contains 3-4 seeds. Chemical composition: Coloring matter (brazilin), tannic acid and gallic acid. Action: Emmenagouge. Therapeutics: C. sappan is used in leucorrhoea and menorrhagia. Parts used: Wood. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). 84: Cakramarda Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Cassia tora Linn. Synonyms: Cakavara (Hindi) and Ringworm plant (English). Habitat: C. tora is found in India. Morphology: C. tora is an annual foul-smelling herb. Leaves compound; leaflets three pairs. Flowers yellow, fruit pod having brown coloured seeds. Chemical composition: Emodin, sennosides and chrhsophanic acid. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: C. tora is used in the treatment of Tinea (ringworm) infestation. The seeds incinerated in yoghurt and macerated in lemon juice are applied in skin diseases. It is given in constipation also. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Expressed juice (5-10ml); Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Cakramarda: Dadrughanī vaṭī and Dadrughana lepa. 85: Kāsamarda Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Cassia occidentalis Linn. Synonyms: Kasaudī (Hindi), Ajagara, Jaraṇa, Karkasa, Kāsamarda, (Sanskrit) and Negro coffee (English). Habitat: C. occidentalis is found in India. Morphology: C. occidentalis is an annual foul-smelling herb. Leaves pinnate compound. Flowers yellow, fruit pod having flat, greenish-yellow coloured, 10-30 seeds. Chemical composition: Tannic acid, mucilage, fixed oil, emodin, toxalbumin and chrysophanic acid. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter) and Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light), Rūkṣa and Tikṣṇa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and kapha. Karma (Action): Kāsahara (Antitussive). Therapeutics: C. occidentalis is used the treatment of constipation and psoriasis. Expressed juice with honey is given in cough and asthma. Parts used: Seeds and leaves. Dose: Expressed juice (5-10ml); Powder (3-6G). 86: Methikā Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Trigonella foenum-graceum Linn. Synonyms: Methī (Hindi) and Fenugreek (English). Habitat: T. foenum-graceum is cultivated in India. Morphology: T. foenum-graceum is an annual, hairy, sharp-smelling herb. Leaves are trifoliate. Flowers are white and fruit pod hairy having greenish-brown seeds. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (choline and trigonelline), coumarins (trigocoumarin and trimethyl coumarin), steroid saponins (disogenin and gitogenin), tannins, vitamins, minerals, fat, carbohydrates and proteins. Therapeutics: T. foenum-graceum is used in the treatment loss of appetite, general debility and diabetes mellitus. The paste of the drug is applied in abscess and painful parts. Contraindications: Bleeding diathesis. Parts used: Whole plant and seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Methikā: Methiyādimodaka. 87: Raktacandana Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Pterocarpus santalinus Linn.f. Synonyms: Lālacandana (Hindi) and Red sandal wood (English). Habitat: P. santalinus is found in South India. Morphology: P. santalinus is a medium-sized tree. Bark is blackish-grey. Leaves alternate and trifoliate. Flowers yellow, fruit pod having reddish-brown seeds. Chemical composition: Coloring matter (santalin) lignans (pterocarpin, pterostilbene and homopterocarpin). Therapeutics: P. santalinus is used the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery. Parts used: Wood. Dose: Powder (3-6G). 88: Vidārīkhanda Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Pueraria tuberosa DC. Synonyms: Vidārīkanda (Hindi) and Indian kudju (English). Habitat: P. tuberosa is found in India. Morphology: P. tuberosa is a large twining herb. Roots are tuberous. Bark is blackish-grey. Leaves trifoliate; lower surface hairy. Flowers blue, fruit pod and hairy having 3-6 reddish-brown seeds. Chemical composition: Steroid saponin (disogenin), carbohydrates and proteins. Therapeutics: P. turberosa is used in the treatment of general debility, malaria and spermaturia. Parts used: Tubers. Dose: Powder (3-6G). 89: Cakṣuṣya Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Cassia absus Linn. Synonyms: Lalacandan (Hindi). Habitat: C. absus is found in India and Sri Lanka. Morphology: C. absus an annul shrub. Leaves pinnately compound. Flowers yellow, fruit pod having many seeds. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (chaksine and isochaksine) and resin. Therapeutics: C. absus is used in the treatment of Tinea (ringworm) infestation. It is also given in bleeding diathesis and renal stone. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 90: Kulattha Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Dolichos biflorus Linn. Synonyms: Horse gram (English). Habitat: D. biflorus is found in Himalayas and South India. Morphology: D. biflorus is an annual twining herb. Leaves pinnately trifoliate, flowers yellow and fruit pod having 5-6 reddish-brown seeds. Chemical composition: Porteins, starch and phosphoric acid. Action: Lithinotriptic. Therapeutics: D. biflorus is used in the treatment kidney stones, leucorrhoea and menorrhagia. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (500-1000mg). Formulations based on Kulattha: Kulattha ghṛta. 91: Tiniśa Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Ougeinia oojeinensis (Roxb.) Hochr. syn. O. dalbergiodes Benth. Synonyms: Sandana (Hindi). Habitat: O. oojeinensis is found in Himalayas and South India. Morphology: O. oodeinensis is a medium sized tree. Bark on incision yields gum. Leaves pinnately trifoliate; flowers white or pink and fruit pod having brown seeeds. Chemical composition: Genistein, homoferreirin, ougenin and tannins. Action: Urinary astringent. Therapeutics: O. oojeinensis is used in the treatment of bloody diarrhoea, polyuria and debility. Parts used: Leaves and roots. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). 92: Arimeda Family: Legeminosae. Botanical name: Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. Synonyms: Safeda kīkara (Hindi) and Arimeda, Arimedaka, Godhaskandha, Viṭakhadira (Sanskrit). Habitat: A. farnesiana is found in Himalayas and South India. Morphology: A. farnasiana is an erect small tree. Leaves compound having glands. Flowers yellow and fruit pod having 10-20 seeds. Chemical composition: Tannins and flavonoids. Therapeutics: A. farnesiana is used in the treatment of bloody diarrhoea, bronchitis and leucorrhoea. Parts used: Bark. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml); Powder (1-3G). 93: Markandika Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Cassia angustifolia Vahl. Synonyms: Indian Senna (English). Habitat: C. angustifolia is found in Somaliland, Arabia and South India. Morphology: C. angustifolia is an erect shrub with pale branches. Leaves oval, yellowish-green and glabrous. Fruit legume, having dark-brown seeds. Chemical composition: Flavonoids (isorhamnetin and kaempferol), anthraquiones (emodin and rhein), glycosides (sennosides A and B), chrysophanic acid and salicylic acid. Action: Laxative. Therapeutics: C. angustifolia is used in the treatment of constipation. Parts used: Fruit and leaves. Dose: Powder (0.6-2G). Formulations based on Markandika: Sukhavirecana cūrṇa. 94: Avartaki Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Cassia auriculata Linn. Synonyms: Taravara (Hindi) and Tanner's cassia (English). Habitat: C. auriculata is much branches shrub. Leaves hairy and glandular. Flowers bright yellow and fruit pod having dark-brown 6-10seeds. Chemical composition: Tannins and flavonoids. Therapeutics: C. auriculata is used in the treatment of bloody diarrhoea, hemorrhage and leucorrhoea. Parts used: Bark and leaves. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml); Powder (3-6G). 95: Babbūla Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Acocia arabica (Lam.) Willd. syn Acacia milotica (L.) Delile Synonyms: Kīkara (Hindi) and Indian gum arabic tree (English). Habitat: A. arabica is found in India. Morphology: A. arabica is evergreen tree. Leaves are bipinnate and spiny. Fruit is pod having 8-12 seeds. Chemical composition: Tannins and gum (contains galactoaraban). Therapeutics: A. arabica is used in the treatment of urinary tract infections, premature ejaculation and bloody diarrhoea. The decoction is used for washing prolapsed rectum. Parts used: Bark, leaves and gum. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml); Powder (3-6G); Gum (3-6G). 96: Lajjālu Family: Leguminosae. Botanical name: Mimosa pudica Linn. Synonyms: Lajālū (Hindi) and Touch me not (English). Habitat: M. pudica is found in Brazil and India. Morphology: M.pudica is a spreading thorny herb. Leaves pinnate and flowers pink or purple. Fruit pod having 3-5 seeds. Chemical composition: Tannin, mucilage, ash and alkaloid (minosine). Therapeutics M. pudica is used in the treatment of lithuria, constipation and piles. Parts used: Whole plant and roots. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml). 97: Taruṇī Family: Rosaceae. Botanical name: Rosa centifolia Linn. Synonyms: Gulāba (Hindi) and Rose (English). Habitat: R. centifolia is found in India. Morphology: R. centifolia is small, prickly shrub. Leaves compound and flowers pink and fragrant. Fruit oval with small seeds. Chemical composition: Oil, tannic acid and gallic acid. Action: Cardiac tonic. Therapeutics: R. centifolia is used in the treatment of diarrhoea, hyperhidrosis and fevers. Parts used: Petals. Dose: Aromatic water (20-40ml). Formulations based on Taruṇī: Arka gulāba. 98: Vatāda Family: Rosaceae. Botanical name: Prunus amygdalus Batsch. Synonyms: Badāma (Hindi) and Almond (English). Habitat: P. amygdalus is found in India. Morphology: P. amygdalus is small tree. Leaves long, ovate and flowers pink or pink. Fruit drupe with ovoid seeds. Chemical composition: Carbohydrates. Action: Tonic. Therapeutics: P. amygdalus is used in the treatment of neuralgia and fevers. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 99: Padmaka Family: Rosaceae. Botanical name: Prunus cerasoides D. Don. Synonyms: Padamkath (Hindi) and Bired cherry (English). Habitat: P. cerasoides is found in India. Morphology: P. crasoides is a tree. Bark is brownish-grey and wood reddish. Leaves are feathery and glandular. Flowers rose coloured and fruit drupe. Seed is hard and fruit pulp yellow or red. Chemical composition: Flavonoids (Sakuranetin, genkwanin, prunetin, padmakastein padmakastine and taxifolin) and gum. Action: Analgesic. Therapeutics: P. cerasoides is used in the treatment of neuralgia, skin diseases and fevers. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 100: Pāṣaṇabheda Family: Saxifragaceae. Botanical name: Bergenia ligulata (Wall.) Engl. Synonyms: Patthacaūra (Hindi). Habitat: B. ligulata is found in India. Morphology: B. ligulata is a perennial branched herb. Rots red coloured and leaves ovate Flowers pink and fruit drupe. Chemical composition: Coumarin (bergenin), gallic acid, tannic acid, minerals and wax. Action: Lithinotriptic. Therapeutics: B. ligulata is used in the treatment of renal calculus, leucorrhoea and opium poisoning. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 101: Parṇabīja Family: Crassulaceae. Botanical name: Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb. syn B. pinnatum (Sanskrit) Habitat: B. calycinum is found in India. Morphology: B. calycinum is an erect perennial herb. Leaves opposite, dentate and succulent. Flowers are white or light-pink. Seeds are oval and brown. Chemical composition: Citric acid, malic acid and flavonoids. Action: Styptic. Therapeutics: B. calycinum is used in the treatment of dysentery and bleeding piles. Parts used: Leaves. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml). 102: śilhaka Family: Liquidamabaraceae. Botanical name: Liquidamber orientalis Miller. Synonyms: śilārasa (Hindi) and Aslatic storax (English). Habitat: L.orientalis is found in Asia Minor. Morphology: L.orientalis is a medium-sized tree. Main branch on incision yields gum which is viscid like honey. It is soluble in 80% alcohol. Leaves are five-lobed. Flowers yellow. Chemical composition: volatile oil, cinnamic acid and benzoic acid. Action: Expectorant. Therapeutics: L.orientalis is used in the treatment of nephritis, kidney stone, amenorrhea and leucorrhoea. In chronic bronchitis, it is given with honey. Parts used: Balsam. Dose: (725-1250mg). 103: Dhava Family: Combertaceae. Botanical name: Anogeissus latifolia Wall. ex Bedd. Synonyms: Dhaura (Hindi) and Crane tree (English). Habitat: A. latiflia is a tall tree. Bark is dusky white. Flowers purple and fruit drupe. The tree yields gum. Chemical composition: Tannins acid and pectin. Action: Urinary astringent. Therapeutics: A. latifolia is used in the treatment of diarrhoea, menorrhagia, bleeding piles, In polyuria, decoction of the wood is given. Parts used: Bark, wood and gum. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml); Gum (1-2G). 104: Hijjala Family: Lecythidaceae. Botanical name: Barringtonia acutangula Gaertn. Synonyms: Samudrphala (Hindi) and Gucchaphala Hijjala, Ijjala, Kacchapolika, Nicula, Vuddula (Sanskrit). Habitat: B. acutangula is found in India, Sri Lanka and Singapore. Morphology: B. acutangula is a medium-sized tree. Stem-bark is dark-brown coloured. Leaves obovate and denticulate. Flowers deep-pink and fruit berry drupe. Chemical composition: Glucoside (barringtonin), tannin and saponin. Therapeutics: B. acutangula is used in the treatment of malaria, enlarged spleen, diabetes mellitus, dysmenorrheal and asthma. Stem-bark is given in amoebic dysentery. Powdered drug with sucrose is given in pyuria. Parts used: Bark, leaves and roots. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml); Powder (3-6G). 105: Madayantikā Family: Lythraceae. Botanical name: Lawsonia alba Lam. syn. L. inermis L. Synonyms: Meha*dī (Hindi) and Madayantikā (Sanskrit) and Henna (English). Habitat: L. alba is found in India. Morphology: L. alba is an branched shrub ending in spine. Leaves ovate and turn red on grinding. Flowers white and fragrant. Fruit are oval, yellow berry having several seeds. Chemical composition: Alkaloid, tannin and coloring matter (lawsone). Therapeutics: L. alba is used in the treatment of the treatment of skin diseases, diarrhoea and dysentery. Parts used: Leaves. Dose: Expressed juice (5-10ml); Powder (1-3G). 106: Sṛṅgāṭaka Family: Trapaceae. Botanical name: Trapa natans Linn. Synonyms: Singhārā (Hindi) and Singhāra nut (English). Habitat: T. natans is found in India. Morphology: T. natans is an aquatic herb. Leaves show dimorphism; submerged leaves green and floating leaves alternate. Flowers white and fruit nut, triangular having two thorns. Seed is one and white. Chemical composition: Minerals, oxalate and vitamins. Therapeutics: T. natans is used in the treatment of general debility and diarrhoea. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (5-10G). 107: Saptacakra Family: Hipprcrateaceae. Botanical name: Salacia chinensis Linn. Synonyms: Saptaraṅgī (Hindi) and Saptacakra, Svaraṇamūla (Sanskrit) Habitat: S. chinensis is found in India. Morphology: S. chinensis is an evergreen tree or twining shrub. Leaves dentate and elongated. Flowers yellow and fruit red, oval and contains one seed. Chemical composition: Glucosides, anthocyanidins, tannins and xanthones (dulcitol, magniferin and salacinol). Action: Urinary astringent. Therapeutics: S. chinensis is used in the treatment of diabetes melitus, hyperhidrosis and carbuncle. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). 108: Eraṇḍakarkaṭī Family: Caricaceae. Botanical name: Carica papaya Linn. Synonyms: Papītā (Hindi) and Papaya (English). Habitat: C. papaya is found in Brazil and India. Morphology: C. papaya is an herbaceous, milky tree. Leaves palmatified, large and dentate. Flowers white or greenish-white. Fruit oblong or oval, yellow. Seeds many, small and dusky. Chemical composition: Digestive ferment (papain, chymopapain and myrosin), alkakoid (carpaine), glucosides (caricine and carposide), oil (containing papayic acid), minerals and vitamins. Action: Digestive. Therapeutics: C. papaya is used in the treatment of indigestion and peptic ulcer. Chymopapain is used in round worm infestation. Carpaine has digitalis like activity. The milk is applied to corns and warts. Cold infusion of leaves is given in fevers *nd cardiac edema. Paste of leaves is applied in filariasis. Parts used: Fruit, leaves and seeds. Dose: Powder (1/2-1G), Papain (0.6-0.12G), infusion (40-80ml). 109: Trapuṣa Family: Cucrubitaceae. Botanical name: Cucumis sativus Linn. Synonyms: Khīrā (Hindi) and Cucumber (English). Habitat: C. sativus is found in India. Morphology: C. sativus is an annual climber. Leaves are simple and dentate; flowers yellow. Fruit is pepo having many long-flat, white coloured seeds. Chemical composition: Cucurbitacin, ash,rutin, minerals, oxalate and vitamins. Action: (Diuretic). Therapeutics: C. sativus is used in general debility, dysuria and jaundice. Parts used: Fruit and seeds. Dose: Powder (3-6G). 110: Kaṭutumbī Family: Cucurbitaceae. Botanical name: Lageneria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. Synonyms: Kaḍavīlaukī (Hindi) and Bitter gourd (English). Habitat: L. siceraria is found in India. Morphology: L. siceraria is a large climber. Leaves hairy, having glands at the base. Flowers white and fruit oval having many, compressed, white coloured seeds. Fruit pulp is bitter Chemical composition: Cucurbiactin and bitter principle. Action: Emetic. Therapeutics: L. siceraria is used in the treatment of edema, bronchitis. and skin diseases. Parts used: Fruit and root. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml). 111: Kośātakī Family: Cucurbitaceae. Botanical name: Luffa acutangula (Linn.) Roxb. Synonyms: Tarroī (Hindi) and Ribbed luffa (English). Habitat: L. acutangula is found in India. Morphology: L. acutangula is an annual climber. Leaves seven-lobed and dentate. Flowers white and fruit contains black seeds. Chemical composition: Bitter principle. Action: Emetic. Therapeutics: L. acutangula is used in the treatment of splenomegaly, bronchitis, skin diseases and hemorrhoids. Parts used: Fruit and root. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml). 112: Jimūtaka Family: Cucurbitaceae. Botanical name: Luffa echinata Roxb. Synonyms: Ghāgarvela (Hindi) and Bristly luffa (English). Habitat: L. echinata is a climber. Leaves are three-five lobed and dentate. Flowers white and fruit contains grayish-black seeds. Chemical composition: Bitter principle (echinetin, elaterin and isocucurbitacin-B) and saponin. Therapeutics: L. echinata is used in the treatment of jaundice, dropsy and worm infestation. Parts used: Fruit. Dose: 1-3G. 113: Dhamārgava Family: Cucurbitaceae. Botanical name: Luffa cylindrica (L.) M.J. Roem. Synonyms: Ghi-tori (Hindi) and Smooth luffa (English). Habitat: L. cylindrica is found in India. Morphology: L. cylindrica is an annual climber. Leaves kidney-shaped and dentate. Flowers yellow and fruit contains black seeds. Chemical composition: Bitter princple (luffein) and saponin. Therapeutics: L. cylindrica is used in the treatment of skin diseases and hemorrhoids. Parts used: Fruit, roots and leaves. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml). 114: Bimbī Family: Cucurbitaceae. Botanical name: Coccinia indica (W.&.A.) syn. Cephalandrica indica Naud. Raktaphala Tuṇdī, (Sanskrit) Habitat: C. indica is found in India. Morphology: C. indica is a perennial climber. Leaves five-lobed, dentate or oval. Flowers white and fruit shining-red colour having many seeds. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (cephalandrine-A and cephalandrine-B), alcohol (cephalandrol) and resin. Action: Urinary astringent. Therapeutics: C. indica is used in the treatment of iabetes mellitus, pyuria, jaundice, and liver aliments. The drug has amoebicidal activity. Parts used: Fruit and root. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml). 115: Kāravellaka Family: Cucurbitaceae. Botanical name: Momordica charantia Linn. Synonyms: Vankundarū (Hindi) and Bitter Gourd (English). Habitat: M. charntia is cultivated in India. Morphology: M. charntia is an annual climber. Leaves hairy and unsymmetrical lobed. Flowers yellow and fruit green, long, having flat, brown seeds. Chemical composition: Tertracyclic triterpene (momordicine), glycosides (momrodicosides), anthelmintic principle and ascorbic acid. Action: Urinary astringent. Therapeutics: M. charntia is used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Parts used: Whole plant and fruit bark. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml). 117: Gārjara Family: Umbelliferae. Botanical name: Daucus carota Linn. Synonyms: Gājara (Hindi) and and Carrot (English). Habitat: D. carota is cultivated in India. Morphology: D. carota is an erect, much-brached herb. Root tap and reddish. Leaves pinnate. Flowers are small and white and fruit hairy. Chemical composition: *-carotene, daucic acid, polyacetylene (falicarinol) and volatile oil. Action: diuretic. Therapeutics: D. carota is used in the treatment of treatment of urinary tract diseases and constipation. Parts used: Fruit and root. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml). 117: Coraka Family: umbelliferae. Botanical name: Angelica glauca Edgew. Synonyms: Coraka, Kṣemaka, Taskara (Sanskrit). Habitat: A. glauca is found in Himalayas. Morphology: A. glauca is a glabrous herb. Leaves pinnate and large. Flowers white or purple and in umbels. Fruit is oval. Chemical composition: Aromatic oil. Therapeutics: A. glauca is used in the treatment of treatment of asthma, mental disease and rhinitis. Parts used: Root. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Coraka: Rāasnādi cūrṇa. 119: Nadihingu Family: Rubiaceae. Botanical name: Gardenia gummifera Linn. f. Synonyms: Dikamāli (Hindi) and Gummy cape jasmine (English). Habitat: G. gummifera is found in Hamalayas. Morphology: G. gummifera is a small tree. Bark brown in colour. Leaves simple and shining. Flowers yellow and large. Fruit oval. Chemical composition: Resin, volatile oil, coloring matter (gardenin), desmethyl-tangertin and nevadensin), erythrodiol and 19-a-hydroxyerythrodiol. Action: Carminative. Therapeutics: G. gummifera is used in the treatment of round worm infestation, fevers and skin diseases. Parts used: Resin. Dose: (1/4-1/2G). 119: Kadamba Family: Rubiaceae. Botanical name: Anthocephalus cadamba Miq. Synonyms: Kadama (Hindi) and Wild cinchona (English). Habitat: A. cadamba is found in India. Morphology: A. cadamba is an evergreen small tree. Bark fissured, scaly and grey in colour. Leaves ovate smooth and have prominent veins. Flowers small and orange. Fruit sweet, round and orange coloured. Chemical composition: Alkaloid, polysaccharide, cinchotannic acid, cadambine and 3-*-dihydrocadambine. Action: Analgesic. Therapeutics: A. cadamba is used in the treatment of general debility, diarrhoea, spermaturia, bleeding diathesis, malaria and rheumatism. Parts used: Bark and fruit. Dose: (Expressed juice (10-20ml); Powder (3-6G). 120: Haridrā Family: Zingiberaceae. Botanical name: Curcuma longa Linn. Synonyms: Haldī (Hindi) and Turmeric (English). Habitat: C. longa is found in India. Morphology: C. longa is a perennial herb. Leaves long and broad with rigid midrib. Flowers are small and orange. Fruit sweet, round and orange coloured. upper and lower surace of the leaflets are smooth and contain white spots. Rhizome is orange coloured and aromatic. The rhizome is boiled in water before commercialization. Chemical composition: Yellow coloring matter (curcumin). sterols, vitamin A, fat, minerals and essential oil. Therapeutics: C.longa is used in the treatment of arthritis, rheumatism, urticaria, pruritis and chronic fevers. paste of turmeric is applied in right hypochondrial region for treating hepatomegaly. Expressed juice is given in polyuria. Parts used: Rhizome. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml); Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Haridrā: Haridrākhaṇḍa. 121: Tagara Family: Valerianaceae. Botanical name: Valeriana wallichii DC. Synonyms: Muṣkbala (Hindi), Barhina, Jihvā, Nahusa, Nata, Tagara, Vakrāhva (Sanskrit) and Indian valerian (English). Habitat: V. wallichii is found in Temperate Himalayas. Morphology: V. wallichii is a perennial herb. Root is thick and horizontal. Leaves are rare and pinnate. Flowers pinkish-white and in corymbs. Fruit hairy and rhizome has spots on upper as well as lower surface. Chemical composition: Volatile oil (contains acetyl valerianic acid and isovaleric acid) and alkaloid (valerine). Action: Analgesic. Therapeutics: V. wallichii is used in the treatment of hypochondriasis, insomnia, vertigo and nervous depression. Powdered drug is given with sugar in urinary incontinence. Parts used: Rhizome. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 122: Damanaka Family: Compositae. Botanical name: Artemisi* vulgaris Willd. Synonyms: Daunā (Hindi) and Indian Wormwood (English). Habitat: A. vulgaris is found in Himalayas. Morphology: A. vulgaris is an aromatic shrub. Branches are thick. Upper leaves sessile and lower petiolate. Flowers brownish-yellow, in oval or round groups. Fruit hairy and rhizome has spots on upper as well as lower surface. Chemical composition: Volatile oil. Action: Caminative. Therapeutics: A. vulgaris is used in the treatment of skin disorders, asthma, liver ailments, loss of libido, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhoea and general debility. With Lauha bhasma, it is given in anemia. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Powder (1/2-1G). 123: Caura Family: Compositae. Botanical name: Artemisia maritima Linn. Synonyms: Kirmāni ajawoin (Hindi) and Worm-seed (English). Habitat: A. maritima is found in Kashmir, Afghanistan and Himalayas. Morphology: A. maritima is bushy and aromatic herb. Leaves are spreading and simple. Flowers are yellow. Action: Anthelmintic. Therapeutics: A. maritima is used in the treatment of Ascaris lumbricoides (round worm) infestation. Parts used: Whole plant and santonin. Dose: Powder (3-6G), Santonin (60-180mg). 124: Sahadevī Family: Compositae. Botanical name: Vernonia cinerea Less. Synonyms: Sahadei (Hindi) and purple flebane (English). Habitat: V. cinerea is found in India. Morphology: V. cinerea is a delcate, annual, erect herb. Branches are hairy. Leaves are petiole and hairy. Flowers are pink coloured. Chemical composition: Alkaloids, sterols and essential oil. Action: Febrifuge. Therapeutics: V. cinerea is used in the treatment of malaria. Parts used: Root. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml), Expressed juice (10-20ml). 125: Muṇḍī Family: Compositae. Botanical name: Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. Synonyms: Gorakhamuṇdī (Hindi). Habitat: S. indicus is found in India. Morphology: S. indicus is a spreading aromatic herb. growing in rice fields. Stem is covered with dense hairs. Leaves aree dentate, hairy and obovate. Flowers are purple. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (sphaeranthine), glucoside and aromatic oil. Action: Alterative. Therapeutics: S. indicus is used in the treatment of acne vulgaris, worm infestation, heaptomegaly, splenomegaly, goiter, chronic cough, edema,fevers and gout. Expressed juice mixed with black-pepper is given in frontal sinusitis and migraine. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml), Expressed juice (10-20ml). Formulations based on Muṇḍī: Muṇdīarka. 126: Akarakarambha Family: Compositae. Botanical name: Anacyclus pyrethrum DC. Synonyms: Akarakarā (Hindi) and pellitory (English). Habitat: A. pyrethrum is found in Africa and Arabia. Morphology: A. pyrethrum is a hairy herb. Stem bark is dusky and bitter in taste. Leaves are smooth and radical. Flowers are purplish-yellow in colour. Roots are of brown colour. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (pyrethrine), resin (pyrethrin), inulin and volatile oil. Action: Astringent actionon semen. Therapeutics: A. pyrethrum is used in the treatment of heart ailments, tremors, nervous debility, productive cough, premature ejaculation and impotency. It is gastro-intestinal irritant Parts used: Roots. Dose: Powder (1/2-1G). Formulations based on Akarakarambha: Akarakarambhādi cūrṇa. 127: Araṇyajīraka Family: Compositae. Botanical name: Vernonia antehelmintica Willd. Synonyms: Kālījīrī (Hindi) and purple Flebane (English). Habitat: V. antehelmintica is found in India. Morphology: V. antehelmintica is an annual erect herb. Leaves are dentate and have hair on both sides. Flowers are violet coloured. Fruit is hairy, dark-brown coloured and emits sharp smell. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (veronine) and sesquiterpene lactone (vernadalol). Action: Antipruritic. Therapeutics: V. antehelmintica is used in the treatment of psoriasis, leucoderma, fever and worm infestation. Four parts of the drug mixed with one part of haritala and cow urine is used for application in leucoderma. It is indicated in Ascaris lumbricoides (round worm) infestation. One gram of the drug mixed with one gram of black seasum is given with hot water in skin diseases. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3G) Formulations based on Araṇyajīraka: Tikajīrakādi cūrṇa. 128: Kukundara Family: Compositae. Botanical name: Blumea lacera DC. Synonyms: Kukarondhā (Hindi). Habitat: B. lacera is found in India. Morphology: B. lacera is camphor like smelling herb. Leaves thin, short petioled and dentate. Flowers yellow and seeds are dusky coloured and small. Leaves are smooth and pinnate. Flowers are violet coloured. Fruit is hairy, dark-brown coloured and emits sharp smell. Chemical composition: Volatile oil and campesterol. Action: Haemostatic. Therapeutics: Expressed juice of B. lacera is used for nasal administration in common cold and headache. It is used in hemorrhoids, fevers, liver disorders and bleeding diathesis. Parts used: Roots and leaves. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml). 129: Jhandu Family: Compositae. Botanical name: Tagetes erecta Linn. Synonyms: Gendā (Hindi) and African marigold (English). Habitat: T. erecta is a shrub like hairy herb. Branches are angular and hairy. Leaves are pinnate, aromatic and dentate. Flowers are dark-yellow coloured. seeds are black coloured and long. Chemical composition: Aromatic oil (Tagetes oil) and traces of alkaloids. Action: Haemostatic. therapeutics: Expressed juice of T. erecta is used for nasal administration in epistaxis. It is also used in bleeding and menorrhagia. Parts used: Whole plant and leaves. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml). 130: Ayapāna Family: Compositae. Botanical name: Eupatorium ayapana Vent. Synonyms: Ayapāna (Hindi) and Ayapana (English). Habitat: E. ayapana is native of Brazil. Morphology: E. ayapana is a branched, aromatic and erect herb. Branches are reddish and slightly hairy. Leaves are strongly smelling and triple nerved. Flowers are blue coloured. Seeds are black coloured and long. Chemical composition: Neutral principles (ayapanin and ayapin) and carotenoids. Action: Haemostatic. Therapeutics: E. ayapana is used in the treatment of internal hemorrhoids, menorrhagia and metrorrhagia. It is given in malaria and haematuria also. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Expressed juice (5-10ml). 131: Dugdhaphenī Family: Compositae. Botanical name: Taraxacum officinale Wigg. Synonyms: Dudhala (Hindi) and Dandelion (English). Habitat: T. officinale is native to Europe and Asia and found in North America and India. Morphology: E. ayapana is a perennial herb. It abounds in milky-juice. Leaves are sessile, dentate are pinnatifid. Flowers are yellow coloured. Fruit is flat and covered with white coloured thorns. Seeds are black coloured and long. Chemical composition: Triterperoids (taraxasterol and taraxerol), bitter principle (taraxacin), eudesmolide sesquiterpene (tetrahydroridentin-B), pigment (taraxanthin), lecithin, resin, inulin, flavonoids (apigenin-7-O-glucosides and luteolin-7-O-glucosides), *-sitosterol, levulin, phosphorus, calcium and iron. Action: Hepatopreotective. Therapeutics: E. ayapana is used in the treatment of constipation, jaundice, dysuria and splenomegaly. Parts used: Whole plant and roots. Dose: Powder (1/2-1G); decoction (25-50ml) and extract (250mg). 132: Cikkikā Family: Compositae. Botanical name: Centipeda minima (L.) A. Br. & Asch. Synonyms: Nakachikanī (Hindi) and Sneeze-wort (English). Habitat: C. minima is found throughout India and Sri Lanka. Morphology: C. minima is a perennial small and prostate herb. Stem is branched, hairy and spreads from root. Leaves are dentate and subsessile. Flowers are small and white coloured. Chemical composition: Arnidiol, centipedic acid, helenalin, lupeol, *-sitosterol and florilenalin. Action: Errhine. Therapeutics: C. minima is used in the treatment of common cold, headache, epilepsy and sinusitis. It is indicated in splenomegaly, worm infestation and skin diseases. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 133: Kāsanī Family: Compositae. Botanical name: Cichorium intybus Linn. Synonyms: Kāsanī (Hindi) and Chicory (English). Habitat: C. intybus is found in India. Morphology: C. intybus is a perennial herb. Branches are hairy and solid. Leaves are heart shaped and highly bitter in taste. Flowers are blue coloured. Fruit is angular and light-green coloured. Root is dusky coloured and bitter. Chemical composition: Glucosides (cichorin, lactucin and intybin) and caffeic acid derivative (cichoric acid). Action: Hepatoprotective. Therapeutics: C. intybus is used in the treatment of chronic bronchitis and liver diseases. It is given in chronic fevers and general debility also. Parts used: Roots, seeds and leaves. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml), Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Kāsanī: Kāsanīarka. 134: Rāsnā Family: Compositae. Botanical name: Pluchea lanceolata C.B.Clarke. Synonyms: Rasanā (Hindi) and Elaparni, Rasna, Sugandha, Surbhi, Yukta (Sanskrit) Habitat: P. lanceolata is found in Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat. Morphology: P. lanceolata is a hairy under shrub. Stem is herbaceous and cylindrical, Leaves are lanceolate, alternate light-green and have acute apex. Root is twisted and of dark brown colour. The root has bitter taste. Chemical composition: Triterpenoid (taraxasterol), bases (pluchine and choline and flavonoids (quercitrin and isorhamnetin). Therapeutics: P. lanceolata is used in the treatment of arthritis and rheumatism. In āyurveda, the plant is best vāta pacifying drug. Parts used: Leaves and roots. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). Formulations based on Rāsnā: Rāsnādi guggula, Rāsnādi ghṛta, Rāsnādi quātha, Rāsnādi Taila, Rāsnāsaptaka quātha and Rāsnapañcaka quātha. 135: Madhuka Family: Saptoaceae. Botanical name: Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel. Synonyms: Mahuā (Hindi) and Indian butter tree (English). Habitat: M. indica is found throughout India. Morphology: M. indica is a large tree containing milky substance. Leaves are elliptical and flowers white. Fruit is berry and green in colour having 1-4 seeds. Chemical composition: Saponins and salicylic acid. Action: Expectorant. Therapeutics: M. indica is used in the treatment of bronchitis. Parts used: Bark and flowers. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Madhuka: Madhukāsava. 136: Bakula Family: Saptoaceae. Botanical name: Mimuspos elengi Linn. Synonyms: Maulaśrī (Hindi). Habitat: M. elengi is found throughout India. Morphology: M. elengi is a beautiful tree with grey coloured bark. Leaves are oval, shining and oval shaped. Flowers are yellowish-white, aromatic and star-shaped. Fruit is berry having oval and dark brown coloured seed. Chemical composition: Alkaloids, ash, tannins, gum, starch and triterpenoid saponins (mimusin, Mi-saponin A and 16 alhpa-hydroxy Mi-saponin A) have been isolated from the seeds of M. elengi. Seeds yield fixed oil and flowers essential oil Therapeutics: M. elengi is used in the treatment of pyorrhea and bleeding gums. It is prescribed in diarrhoea, dysentery, worm infestations, menorrhagia, spermaturia, pyuria and chronic fevers. Parts used: Bark, flowers and fruits. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml), Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Bakula: Bakulādi Taila. 138: Lodhra Family: Symplocoaceae. Botanical name: Symplocos racemosa Roxb. Synonyms: Lodhra (Hindi). Habitat: S. racemosa is found throughout India. Morphology: S. racemosa is an evergreen small-sized tree. Leaves are long and oval. Flowers are yellowish-white and aromatic. Fruit is hard having reddish-brown 1-3 seeds. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (colloturine, loturidine and loturine) and glucosides. Therapeutics: S. racemosa is used in the treatment of bleeding diathesis, bloody diarrhoea, worm infestations, miscarriage, menorrhagia and leucorrhoea. The action of S. racemosa is due to its vasoconstriction action. Parts used: Bark, flowers and fruits. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml), Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Lodhra: Lodhrāsava. 138: Pārijāta Family: Oleaceae. Botanical name: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. Synonyms: Hariṅgāra (Hindi) and coral jasmine (English). Habitat: N. arbor-tristis is found throughout India. Morphology: N. arbor-tristis is a small deciduous tree. Bark is grey and rough. Leaves are wide, dentate, rough above and hairy below. Flowers are aromatic. Fruit is flat having two seeds. Chemical composition: Glucoside (nyctanthine, which is coloring matter and a-crocetin) and essential oil in flowers. Seed pulp contains fixed oil and leaves contain tannic acid, methyl salicylate. Action: Hepatoprotective. Therapeutics: Expressed juice or decoction of the plant prepared over gentle fire s said to be effective cure for sciatica. It is given in chronic fevers, hemorrhoids and worm infestation also. In asthma and bronchitis, powdered plant is given with benefit. Parts used: Leaves and flowers. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml), Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Pārijāta: śephālikādi Cūrṇa. 139: Jati Family: Oleaceae. Botanical name: Jasminum grandiflorum (L.) Kobuski. Synonyms: Camelī (Hindi) Cetika, Hrddyaghna, Jatī, Mālatī, Rajanī, Sumana (Sanskrit) Common Jasmine (English). Habitat: J. grandiflorum is found throughout India. Morphology: J. grandiflorum is an evergreen shurb. Leaves elliptic and leaflets 7-11. Flowers small and yellowish-green. Fruit drupe and contains one seed. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (jasminine), salicylic acid, benzyl alcohol, eugenol and resin. Action: Alterative. Therapeutics: Decoction of the root of J. grandiflorum is given in tympanites and skin diseases. The oil prepared from the plant is applied to indolent ulcers. It is also used in otorrhoea otalgia and paralysis.Decoction of the leaves is used as gargle in mouth ulcers. Parts used: Leaves, flowers and roots. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml), Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Jati: Jātyādi Taila. 140: Yūthikā Family: Oleaceae. Botanical name: Jasminum auriculatum Vahl. Synonyms: Jūhī (Hindi). Habitat: J. auriculatum is found in Deccan peninsula. Morphology: J. auriculatum is an erect shrub. Leaves are ovate and trifoliate. Flowers are white in colour. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (jasminine), salicylic acid and essential oil. Action: Anthelmintic. Therapeutics: J. auriculatum is used in the treatment of skin ulcer and worm infestation. Parts used: Flowers. Dose: Decoction: (50-100ml), powder (1-3G). 141: Tinduka Family: Ebenaceae. Botanical name: Diospyros malabarica Kostel. Synonyms: Tendu (Hindi) and Gaub Persimmon India. Morphology: D. malabarica is a medium-sized and evergreen tree. Leaves are green and shining. Flowers are white-coloured and aromatic. Fruit are round and yellow coloured. Fruit-pulp is fibrous. Chemical composition: Betulinic acid, diospyrin, pectin and triterpene (ketonemarsformosanone). Seeds contain oil. Action: Antiurticarial. Therapeutics: D. malabarica is used in the treatment of mouth ulcers and chronic diarrhoea. Powdered plant is sued as dusting powder in local bleeding. Decoction f the fruit is used for gargles in stomatitis and tonsillitis. Decoction of the bark is given in urticaria and polyuria. Solid extract prepared from the bark is given in bronchitis with relief. It is also given in leucorrhoea and premature ejaculation. Parts used: Bark and fruit. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml), powder (1-3G). 142: Pīlu Family: Salvadoraceae. Botanical name: Salvadora persica Linn. Synonyms: Pīlu (Hindi) and Tooth brush tree (English). Habitat: S. persica is found throughout India. Morphology: S. persica is a small tree. Trunk is crooked. short and fragile. Leaves are opposite having round apex. Flowers are greenish-yellow and small. Fruits round, red in colour when matured and contains one seed. The fruit emits sharp smell when rubbed. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (salvadorin and trimethylamine), coloring matter and resin. Therapeutics: Oil obtained from S. persica is anti-inflamatory in small doses but in large dises it acts as vesicant. It is used in the treatment of renal stones, rheumatism and bronchial asthma. It is specially prescribed in constipation and hemorrhoids as an adjunct to laxatives and purgatives. Parts used: Bark, leaves and seeds. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml), powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Pīlu: Pīluadi Taila. 143: Karamardaka Family: Apocynaceae. Botanical name: Carrisa carandas Linn. Synonyms: Karaundā (Hindi). Habitat: C. carandas is a found throughout India. Morphology: C. carandas in a spiny erect shrub, which abounds in milky juice. Leaves ovate and flowers are pinkish-white. Fruit red in colour and contains four seeds. Chemical composition: Karandin. Action: Febrifuge. Therapeutics: C. carandas is used in the treatment of skin diseases, fevers, worm infestation and loss of appetite. Parts used: Leaves and fruit. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). Formulations based on Karmarda: Karamardādi quātha. 144: Jīvantī Family: Asclepiadaceae. Botanical name: Leptadenia reticulata W.&A. Synonyms: ḍoḍī (Hindi). Habitat: L. reticulata is found in Western Peninsula. Morphology: L. reticulata is a twinter, which abounds in milky juice. Leaves ovate and flowers are pale-brown. Chemical composition: Glucoside (leptadene). Action: Tonic. Therapeutics: L. reticulata is used in the treatment of general debility and cardiac ailments. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). Formulations based on Jīvantī: Jivanyādi cūrṇa. 145: Meṣaśṛṅgī Family: Asclepiadaceae. Botanical name: Gymnema sylvestre R.Br. Synonyms: Gurmāra būṭī (Hindi). Habitat: G. sylvestre is found in India. Morphology: G. sylvestre is a large, milky, twinning, much branched climber. Leaves are of dark green color, ovate and elliptic. Flowers small, yellow and in narly sessile cymes. Root is about size of little finger. Seeds brown in colour. Chemical composition: Dried leaves: Resin, pararabin, triterpene glycoside (gymnemic acid), peptide (gurmarin), alkaloid (gymnamine), bitter principle (having sialagouge activity), lupeol, quercitol, coloring matter and anthraquinones. Bark: Calcium and starch. Alcoholic extract contains saponin. Ash contains alkali, phosphoric acid and manganese. Action: Antidiabetic. Therapeutics: G. sylvestre is used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type-2. The emetic action of G. sylvestre is similar to ipecac. Parts used: Leaves. Dose: Powder (3-6G). 146: Mūrvā Family: Asclepiadaceae. Botanical name: Marsdenia tenacissima W.&A. Synonyms: Maruabal (Hindi) and Mūrva (Sanskrit). Habitat: M. tenacissima is found in Deccan Peninsula and N.W Himalayas. Morphology: M. tenacissima is a climber, having milky juice. Flowers are greenish-yellow. Fruit is follicle having oblong seeds. Chemical composition: Glycosides and saponins. Action: Febrifuge. Therapeutics: M.tenacissima is used in the treatment of fevers, abdominal colic and constipation. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 147: Kataka Family: Loganiaceae. Botanical name: Strychnos potatorum L. Synonyms: Nirmalī (Hindi) and Clearing nut tree (English). Habitat: S. potatorum is found in Burma and S.India. Morphology: S. potatorum is a medium-sized tree. Leaves are simple, elliptic, shinning and extremely small. Flowers are white and aromatic. Fruit is round pod and black on ripening.Seeds 1-2, yellow in colour. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (diaboline, bruchine, icajine and novacine.) Therapeutics: S. potatorum is used in the treatment of chronic conjuctivitis, diarrhoea, renal calculus and skin diseases. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 148: Trāyamāṇa Family: Gentianaceae. Botanical name: Gentiana kurroo Royle Synonyms: Nilkanth (Hindi) and Indian gentian (English). Habitat: G. kurroo is found in Kashmir and N.W Himalayas. Morphology: G. kurroo is a perennial herb. Leaves are in pairs and flowers blue. Fruit is capsule having small seeds. Chemical composition: Bitterprinciple (gentiopicrin) and gentianic acid. Action: Febrifuge. Therapeutics: G. kurroo is used in the treatment of loss of appetite, liver ailments, constipation, edema and chronic fevers. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 149: śleṣmātaka Family: Boraginaceae. Botanical name: Cordia dichotama Forst.f. Synonyms: Lasorā (Hindi) and Sebesten (English). Habitat: C. dichotama is found throughout India. Morphology: C. dichotama is a small tree. Bark is dusky. Leaves are oblong or obovate. Inflorescence is small and white coloured. Fruit drupe and yellow on ripening. Fruit-pulp is transparent and sweet containing one seed. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (betaginine and mysline) and tannins. Action: Febrifuge. Therapeutics: C. dichotama is used in the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, bleeding diathesis, dysuria, fevers and skin diseases. The fruit is given with purgatives to reduce gripping. Syrup prepared from fruit is given in chronic dry cough. Parts used: Bark and fruits. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). 150: Gojihvā Family: Boraginaceae. Botanical name: Onosma bracteatum Wall. syn Coccinia glauca Savi. Synonyms: Gavājabāna (Hindi) Davipatra, Gojihvā, Kharapatrā (Sanskrit) Habitat: O. bracteatum is found in India. Morphology: O. bracteatum is a small, rigid and hairy herb. Leaves are silky-white in colour. Upper surface of the leaves is hairy. Flowers are voilet coloured and occur in dense heads. Fruit is nut and round. The leaves yields mucilage to water. Chemical composition: Mucilage and minerals. Action: Expectorant. Therapeutics: O. bracteatum is used in the treatment of common-cold, bronchitis and urinary tract infection. It is useful in general debility Parts used: Leaves and flowers. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Gojihvā: Gojihvādi quātha. and Arkagāvajbāna. 151: Adhāpuṣpī Family: Boraginaceae. Botanical name: Trichodesma indicum R.Br. Synonyms: Andhāhulī (Hindi), Adhāpuṣpī (Sanskrit). Habitat: T. indicum is found throughout India. Morphology: T. indicum is an annual, much-branched, spreading and hairy herb. Leaves sessile and upper surface is glandular. Flowers are violet or white or blue coloured. Fruit is nut and round. Seeds are oval, dusky externally and dark-brown internally. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (supinine). Action: Anti-inflammatory. Therapeutics: T. indicum is used in the treatment of dyspepsia, osteoarthritis, dysuria and fevers. It is especially useful in dysmenorrhoea. Parts used: Whole plant and roots. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml). 152: Vṛddhadāruka Family: Convolvulaceae. Botanical name: Argyeria speciosa Sweet. Synonyms: Bidhārā, Samundrasokha (Hindi), and Elephant creeper; Wooly morning glory (English). Habitat: A. speciosa is found throughout India. Morphology: A. speciosa is a large twinner. New branches have white hairs. Leaves are broadly ovate. Upper surface of the leaf is smooth and lower surface is hairy. Flowers are violet or light-pink coloured. The flowers blossom at night and emit aroma. Fruit is long, round and light-yellow on ripening. Seeds are whitish-brown in colour. Chemical composition: Resin and tannins. Action: Tonic. Therapeutics: A. speciosa is used in the treatment of dyspepsia, polyuria, seminal weakness and general debility. Parts used: Leaves and roots. Dose: Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Vṛddhadāruka: Vṛddhadārukasama cūrṇa. 153: Kṛṣṇabīja Family: Convolvulaceae. Botanical name: Ipomoea nil L. syn. I. hederacea Jacq. Synonyms: Kālādānā (Hindi) and Pharbitis seeds (English). Habitat: I. nil is found throughout India and Himalayas. Morphology: I. nil is a large, hairy and delicate twinner. Trunk is thin and contains dense hairs. Leaves are ovate. Flowers are blue coloured and fruit is round. Seeds are black is colour and 4-6 in number. Seed-pulp is white coloured. Chemical composition: Resin (glycoside and aglycoside), alkaloids (chanoclavine, lysergol, penniclavine and elymoclavine), tannins and mucilage. Aglycoside present tin the resin is active constituent of I. nil. Action: Mild laxative. Therapeutics: I. nil is used in the treatment of edema, headache, constipation and worm infestation. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Kṛṣṇabījādi: Kṛṣṇabījādi Cūrṇa. 154: ākhuparṇī Family: Convolvulaceae. Botanical name: Ipomoea reniformis Chois. syn. Merremia emarginata (Burm.f.) Hallier Synonyms: Chhakanni and Mūsākāṇī (Hindi). Habitat: I. reniformis is found in Nilgiris and Western Ghats. Morphology: I. reniformis is a small, perennial and much-branched herb. Leaves are reniform and dentate. Flowers are minute and yellow coloured. Fruit is capsule having dark-brown seeds. Chemical composition: Resin and tannins. Action: Tonic. Therapeutics: I. reniformis is used in the treatment of constipation and worm infestation. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml). 155: Amaravallī Family: Convolvulaceae. Botanical name: Cusuta reflexa Roxb. Synonyms: Amarabela (Hindi) and Dodder (English). Habitat: C. reflexa is found throughout India. Morphology: C. reflexa is a leafless, light-yellow, delicate climber. It occurs as parasitic plant on large trees like Shorea robusta. Inflorescence is hairy and contains white-coloured flowers. Chemical composition: Cuscutin, steroles and flavonoids. Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: C. reflexa is used in the treatment of diarrhoea, worm infestation, rheumatoid arthritis, skin diseases and fever. Expressed juice of the plant is used in conjunctivitis and pruritis. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml). 156: Kākamācī Family: Solanaceae. Botanical name: Solanum nigrum Linn. Synonyms: Makoya (Hindi) and Black night-shade (English). Habitat: S. nigrum is found throughout India in shady and damp places. Morphology: S. nigrum is an erect much-branched herb. Leaves are petiolate, dentate, or lobed and dark-green in colour. Flowers are insignificant and white in colour. Fruit is small, round, red or black in colour and sweet in taste. Seeds are small and yellow-coloured. Chemical composition: The fruit contains glyco-alkaloids including solamargine, solasonine or solanine and solanigrine, Solamargine and solasonine are present in leaves also. In addition, it contains saponin (uttronin-A, an oligofurostanoside) and carbohydrates, ascorbic acid and *-carotene. Whole plant contains steroidal oligosaccharides (nigrumnins I and II). Action: Hepatoprotective. Therapeutics: Externally leaves of S. nigrum are used in curing local inflammation. Decoction of the leaves is used as gargle in stomatitis. Expressed juice of the plant is used in otalgia. If the juice is poured in eye, it dilates the pupil, thereby acting as mydriatic like datura and belladonna. The leaves are rubbed in psoriasis and leucoderma. Internally S. nigrum is given in hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), chronic dysentery, hemorrhoids, chronic fevers, cardiac edema, gout and rheumatoid arthritis.Dried fruit is given in hiccough and bronchitis. Parts used: Whole plant and fruit. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml), Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Kākamācī: Arka-makoya. 157: Kaṭuvīra Family: Solanaceae. Botanical name: Capsicum annum Linn. Synonyms: Lalamirca (Hindi) and Red chillies (English). Habitat: C. annum is native of Brazil but cultivated throughout India. Morphology: C. annum is an annual herb with angular branches. Leaves are simple, entire, wrinkled and apex is acute. Flowers are white and small. Fruit is long, green when unripe and red in colour when matured. Seeds are small, flat and yellow coloured. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (capsicin), oleo-resin (capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin), carotenoid or coloring matter (capsanthin), volatile oil, fixed oil, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins and proteins. Action: Sialagouge. Therapeutics: Externally C. annum is counter irritant and rubifacient and applied in arthritis, rheumatism and sciatica. Taken internally in large doses, it acts as irritant to gastric mucosa. Infusion prepared from C. annum is used for gargle in sore-throat. Tablet prepared from asafetida, camphor and red chilies is given in tympanites. It is also given in malaria and impotency. Capsaicin is rubbed in arthritis, rheumatism and psoriasis. Parts used: Fruit. Dose: 30-60mg. Formulations based on Kaṭuvīra: Viṣamajvaraghna vaṭī. 158: Tāmraparṇa Family: Solanaceae. Botanical name: Nicotiana tobacum Linn. Synonyms: Tambākhū (Hindi) and Tobacco (English). Habitat: N. tobacum is native to America but cultivated in India. Morphology: N. tobacum is an erect and hairy herb. Leaves are elliptic or ovate and hairy. Flowers are white or pale pink. Fruit is capsule red and contains small seeds. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (nicotine, nicotimine and nicotiline), pyridine bases (collidine and lutidine), two glycosides and terpene (nicotianin), salt and flavoring agents. Nicotine is colorless and volatile alkaloid smelling and tasting like N. tabacum leaves. It is soluble in water, more so in alcohol and ether. Nicotine is the active constituent of tobacco smoke. Action: Emetic. Therapeutics: N. tobacum is mostly used externally. Formerly, N. tobacum was used in the treatment of bronchial asthma to induce relaxation of the bronchioles. For relief, it is compusory to smoke until profound nausea was induced. In arthritis and rheumatism, leaves of N. tobacum are applied to joints for reducing pain and swelling. It is value able antidote to nux-vomica poisoning. Contraindications: Hypertension, cardiovascular ailments, gastritis and bronchitis. Parts used: Leaves. Formulations based on Tāmraparṇa: śvāsāntakāvaleha. 159: Suṇṭhi Family: Zingiberaceae. Botanical name: Zingiber officinale Rosc. Synonyms: Ardraka (Hindi) and Ginger (English). Habitat: Z. officinale is found throughout India. Morphology: Z. officinale is a perennial and delicate herb having rhizomes, which spread underground. Leaves are lanceolate and has acute apex. Flowers are yellowish-green coloured and grow from spikes. Rhizome is aromatic and of light-yellow colour. Chemical composition: Volatile oil (contains xingiberol, zingiberene, phellandrene and linalool, diarylhepatanoids pungent principle or phenylalkylketones (gingerols, shogaols, paradol and zingerone). Gingerol is soluble in ether and alcohol. Zingerone is sparingly soluble in water, but also freely soluble in fats and oils. Oleo-resin is obtained by keeping powdered ginger in ether is known as gingerin. Gingerols are present in fresh rhizome and shogaols are present in dried rhizome. Dried ginger, in addition contains starch, proteins, ash and fiber. Therapeutics: Externally Z. officinale is used in arthritis and rheumatism. In āyurevda, Z. officinale is considered to be the best drug for disorders caused by vāta humour. It is widely used in the treatment of nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, dyspepsia, flatulence, indigestion, cough, colds and, influenza and rheumatism. In Ayurveda, ginger is given after child-birth for tonic action. Contraindications: Skin diseases, anemia, dysuria, bleeping diathesis and fevers. It is should be used with caution in patients with history of gallbladder stones because of cholagouge effect. Adverse Side Effects: None reported. Drug Interactions: anticoagulants and garlic. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Expressed juice (5-10ml). Powder (1-2G). Formulations based on Suṇṭhī: Ardaraka khaṇḍa, Pañcakola cūrṇa, Trikaṭu cūrṇa and Rāsnadi quātha. 160: Hṛtpatrī Family: Scrophulariaceae. Botanical name: Digitalis purpurea Linn. Synonyms: Digitalis (Hindi), and Digitalis, The purple foxglove (English). Habitat: D. prupurea grows in India in Nilgris, Darjeeling and Kashmir. Morphology: D. purpureais a biennial or perennial herb. Leaves are broadly ovate or lanceolate and terminate into winged stalks. The upper surface is dull-green and has short hairs. Under-surface is more densely hairy. The apex is subacute. Flowers are small, cream or white or purple in colour. Seeds are small, light and many. Chemical composition: The active principle are glycosides (digitoxin, gitoxin and gitalin). Digitoxin is sparingly soluble in water and soluble in alcohol. It is the main active constituent of infusions. Gitoxin in pure state is insoluble in water. Saponins are present in leaves and seed but exert no digitalis effect. Saponins affect the solubility of the cardiac glucosides. Glycosides are broke down by hydrolysis into aglycone and sugar molecule. Activity of the glucoside depends on aglycone portion which has a steroid nucleus. The sugar portion increases solubility and cell permeability of glycone. Action: Diuretic. Prabhava: Cardiac tonic. Therapeutics: D. purpurea is used in the treatment of congestive cardiac failure. Contraindications: Heart block, cerebral hemorrhage and fatty degeneration of the heart. Parts used: Leaves. Dose: Powder (500mg). 161: Rohītaka Family: Bignoniaceae. Botanical name: Tecoma undulata G. Don. Synonyms: Rohītaka (Hindi). Habitat: T. undulata is found in Punjab, Rajasthan and Himalayas. Morphology: T. undulata is a small-tree or shrub. Leaves are pinnate, green and similar to pomegranate leaves. Flowers are yellow-coloured. Fruit is thin, slightly curved capsule. Seeds are winged. Chemical composition: Tecomin, gum, iridoid glucosides (tecomelloside and tecoside), chromone glucosides (undulatosides A and B), sterols and alkanols. Therapeutics: T. undulata is used in the treatment of hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, hemorrhoids, jaundice, gout, leucorrhoea and obesity. Parts used: Bark. Dose: Decoction (10-20ml), Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Rohītaka: Rohitakāriṣṭa. 162: Tila Family: Pedaliaceae. Botanical name: Sesamum indicum Linn. Synonyms: Tila (Hindi) and Seasmum (English). Habitat: S. indicum is cultivated in India. Morphology: S. indicum is an annual, foul smelling and erect herb. Leaves are alternate, ovate and tapering at the base. Flowers are white or purplish coloured. Seeds are small and white-yellow coloured. Oil is pale yellow oily liquid. Chemical composition: Seeds contain mucilage, vitamins, minerals, fiber and proteins. In addition, it contains, lignan derivatives (sesamin and sesamalin), phenolic compound (sesamol). Sesamum oil contains equal parts of glycerides (linoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid and palmitic acid). Therapeutics: Sesamum oil is used as emollient application to skin. Herbs prcessed in sesamum oil are sued for local application in arthritis, rheumatism and neuralgia. Decoctoin prepared from leaves and roots is used in hair-diseases and as emmenagouge. In internal hemorrhoids, it is given with buttermilk. Seeds are used in polyuria and oil is given in pyuria. Sesamum is given in general debility and loss of libido. Parts used: Sees, leaves and roots. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Oil (10-20ml). Formulations based on Tila: Tilādi guṭikā. 163: Saireyaka Family: Acanthaceae. Botanical name: Barleria prionitis Linn. Synonyms: Kaṭasaraiya (Hindi). Habitat: B. prionitis is found throughout India. Morphology: B. prionitis is many-branched, thorny shrub. Leaves are oblong, entire and thorny. Flowers are yellow-coloured. Fruit is capsule having one seed. Chemical composition: Anthraquinones (barlacristone and cristabarlone). Action: Alterative. Therapeutics: B. prionitis is used in the treatment of skin siseases, gout, productive cough, influenza and spematuria. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml), Decoction (50-100ml). 164: Kokilākṣa Family: Acanthaceae. Botanical name: Astercantha longifolia Nees. Synonyms: Tālamakhānā (Hindi). Habitat: A. longifolia is found throughout India. Morphology: A. longifolia is a hairy herb. Leaves lanceolate and contain spines in the axil. Flowers are purple-blue and fruit is capsule having 4-8 seeds. Chemical composition: Alkaloids, mucilage and oil. Recently two aliphatic esters and betulin have been isolated from the aerial parts. Action: Spermopiotic. Therapeutics: A. longifolia is used in the treatment of jaundice, hepatomegaly, gall-bladder ailments, edema, dysuria and seminal debility Parts used: Seeds, root and whole plant. Dose: Expressed juice (5-10ml), Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Kokilākṣa: Pauṣītaka cūraṇa. 165: Kālamegha Family: Acanthaceae. Botanical name: Andrographis paniculata Nees. Synonyms: Kālamegha (Hindi) and kalmegh (English). Habitat: A. paniculata is found throughout India. Morphology: A. paniculata is an annual herb. Branches are quadrangular and dark green in colour. Leaves are opposite, shortly staked, green above, pale below and pinnate. Flowers are small and whitish-purple coloured. Fruit is capsule having many seed. Root is unbranched, contains many rootlets and has grey colour. Chemical composition: Diterpene lactones (Andrographolide, neoandrographolide, 14-deoxy-11-oxo andrograpolide, 14-deoxy-11, 12-oxo andrographolide, 14-deoxy andrographolide, echiodin and kalmeghin), and flavones. Homandragrapholide, andrographane and andrographone have been isolated from petroleum ether extract of the leaves. Andrographolide is a bitter crystalline principle and soluble in water. According to standards, the drug should not contain andrographolide not less than 1%. The plant also contains mineral and sodium chloride. Action: Hepatoprotective. Therapeutics: A. paniculata is used in the treatment of jaundice, hepatomegaly, constipation and malaria. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Decoction (20-40ml) and Liquid Extract kālamegh. 166: Uṭaṅgana Family: Acanthaceae. Botanical name: Blepharis edulis Pers. Synonyms: Caupatiā (Hindi). Habitat: B. edulis is found Punjab. Morphology: B. edulis is a spiny herb. Branches are short but rigid. Leaves ovate and spines. Flowers are blue and fruit is capsule having 2 seeds. Chemical composition: Glucosides (blepharine and allantion) and benzoxazolone. Action: Spermopiotic. Therapeutics: B. edulis is used in the treatment of seminal debility, impotency, and dysuria. Parts used: Seeds. Dose: Powder (3-6G). 167: Bhaṇḍīra Family: Verbenaceae. Botanical name: Clerodendron infortunatum Linn. Synonyms: Bhaṇṭa (Hindi). Habitat: C. infortunatum is found in grown in hotter parts of India. Morphology: C. infortunatum is a hairy shrub. Leaves are ovate, dentate and glandular. Flowers are pink or white coloured. Fruit is drupe, purple in colour. Chemical composition: Bitter principle (clerodin) is active constituent, in addition, it contains fixed oil. peptidase and reducing carbohydrates. Action: Anthelmintic. Therapeutics: C. infortunatum is used in the treament of worm infestation, liver-ailments and rheumatism. Expressed juice of the leaves is given in malaria. Parts used: Leaves. Dose: Expressed juice (1-20ml). 168: Priyaṅgu Family: Verbenaceae. Botanical name: Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl. Synonyms: Priyaṅgu (Hindi). Habitat: C. macrophylla is found in Upper Gangetic plain, Himalayas and Kashmir. Morphology: C. macrophylla is a strong shrub. Branches contain dense hairs. Leaves are opposite, ovate and round base. Flowers are small and rose coloured. Fruit is drupe and white in colour. Chemical composition: Diterpenoid (calliterpenone), flavonoids (luteolin and apigenin) and aromatic oil. Action: Haemostatic. Therapeutics: C. macrophylla is used in the treatment of menorrhagia, bleeding piles and epistaxis. Powdered drug is used in paste form in cephalgia, hyperhidrosis, osteoarthritis and rheumatism. Parts used: Flowers. Dose: 3-6 G. Formulations based on Priyaṅgu: Priyaṅgvādi taila and Priyaṅgvādi lepa. 169: Pūtihā Family: Labiatae. Botanical name: Mentha spicata Linn. Synonyms: Pudīnā (Hindi), Pudīnaka, Pūtihā, Rocanī (Sanskrit) Garden mint (English). Habitat: M. spicata is native to Eastern England. It is cultivated in India. Morphology: M. spicata is a perennial highly aromatic herb. Leaves are thin, dentate, and glandular and have acute apex. Inflorescence is delicate and flowers are violet coloured. Chemical composition: Menthol. It is a crystalline substance obtained by cooling the peppermint oil. It occurs as colourless and having taste and odour of peppermint. Menthol is sparingly soluble in water. Indian Pharmacopoeia limit of menthol is 50%. Peppermint oil contains menthone, menthylacetate, menthofuran, jasmone and cineole. Fresh leaves contain proteins, lipids, minerals and vitamins. Action: Carminative. Therapeutics: Expressed juice of the leaves mixed with water is used in ozena. It is used in the treatment of given diarrhoea, dyspepsia, abdominal colic, worm infestation, bronchitis, upper respiratory catarrh, fevers and dysmenorrhea. Infusion of the leaves is given in rheumatism. Parts used: Leaves and oil. Dose: Expressed juice (5-10ml), Infusion (20-40ml), Oil (1-3drops). Formulations based on Pūtihā: Arkapudīnā. 170: Juphā Family: Labiatae. Botanical name: Hyssopus officinalis Linn. Synonyms: Juphā (Hindi), Hyssop (English). Habitat: H. officinalis is found in W.Himalayas. Morphology: H. officinalis is a small spreading herb. Branches are woody. Leaves are aromatic, bitter, sessile, linear and entire. Flowers are pink bluish-purple. Fruit is triangular and dark-brown. Chemical composition: Flavone glycoside (diosmin), choline, carotene, tannins and essential oil (contains *-pinene, cadiene and thujone). Diosmin is soluble in ammonia. Action: Expectorant. Therapeutics: H. officinalis is used in the treatment of bronchitis, asthma, common-cold,hepatomegaly and worm infestation. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: 3-6G. 171: Parṇayavānī Family: Labiatae. Botanical name: Coleus amboinicus Lour. Synonyms: Pattā-ajawoin (Hindi) and Country borage (English). Habitat: C. amboinicus is native to Malacca. It is cultivated in India. Morphology: C. amboinicus is an aromatic and hairy shrub. Leaves are hairy, dentate and opposite. Flowers are white or light-pink coloured. Seeds are brown in colour. Chemical composition: Essential oil (contains carvacrol). Therapeutics: C. amboinicus is valuable aid in the treatment of diarrhoea associate with cholera. It is also used in malabsorption, dysuria and abdominal colic. Parts used: Leaves. Dose: Expressed juice (5-10ml). 172: Chatraka Family: Agaricaceae. Botanical name: Agaricus campestris Linn. Synonyms: Gucchi (Hindi) and Field mushroom (English). Habitat: A. campestris is found in North and Eastern India. Morphology: A. campestris is a small herb. The mycelium grows in damp conditions. Morphologically it has two parts the rhiozomorph and the sporophore (true mushroom). Chemical composition: Agaric acid, proteins, lipids and ash and sterols. Action: Tonic. Therapeutics: A. campestris is used in seminal debility and constipation. Externally it is used as styptic. Agaric acid is given in ague fever. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: As per requirement. 173: Aśvagola Family: Plantaginaceae. Botanical name: Plantago ovata Forsk. Synonyms: Isabgol (Hindi) and Ispghula, Spogel seeds (English). Habitat: P. ovāta is found in Punjab, Sind and Persia. It is cultivated in North Gujarat. Morphology: P. ovāta is a short-stemmed, hairy and annual herb. Leaves are simple, dentate, three-ribbed and entire. Flowers are small. Fruit is egg-shaped capsule containing two seeds. Seeds are yellowish-brown in colour. Chemical composition: Mucilage (contains pentosan and aldobinoic acid), glucoside (acubin) and principle allied to acetylcholine. Seed pulp contains linoleic acid. Action: Mild laxative. Therapeutics: P. ovāta is used in the treatment of constipation, colitis, hyperlipidemia, diarrhoea and chronic dry cough. It is also given in dysuria, pyuria, polydipsia and hemorrhoids. Parts used: Seeds and seed coat. Dose: 5-10 G. 174: Gorakṣagañja Family: Amaranthaceae. Botanical name: Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Synonyms: Bhadram, Thikirithoda (Hindi), Goraksaganja (Sanskrit). Habitat: A. lanata is found in hotter parts of India. Morphology: a. lanata is an erect or spreading, hairy herb. Leaves are simple, oval and hairy. Flowers are minute, many and greenish-white in colour. Seeds are balck coloured. Root smells like camphor. Chemical composition: Sterols and flavonoids. Action: Tonic. Therapeutics: A. lanata is used in the treatment of heamatemesis, diabetes mellitus, dysuria and renal calculus. Parts used: Whole plant and roots. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). 175: Cukra Family: Polygonaceae. Botanical name: Rumex vesicarius Linn. Synonyms: Cūkā (Hindi). Habitat: R. vesicarius is found in hotter parts of India. Morphology: R. vesicarius is an annual weed. Roots are deeply embedded in the ground, wrinkled and of dirty-brown colour. Leaves are lanceolate, smooth and sub-cordate at the base. Flowers are in terminal racemes. Fruit is reddish-brown in colour. Seeds are triangular and of brown colour. Chemical composition: Anthraquinone like compounds rumicin and lapathin, calcium oxalate, mucilage and starch. Action: Appetizer. Therapeutics: R. vesicarius is used in the treatment of skin diseases, liver-ailments, dyspepsia. Seeds are used in chronic dysentery. Parts used: Whole plant and seeds. Dose: Decoction: (50-100ml), Powder (1-3G). 176: Pītamūlī Family: Polygonaceae. Botanical name: Rheum emodi Wall. Synonyms: Revanda cīnī (Hindi) and Indian rhubarb. Habitat: R. emodi is found in Himalayas and Kashmir. Morphology: R. emodi is a disky-green, perennial herb. Stem is slender, externally it is purple above and green below. Internally the stem is white and has sour taste. Roots are deeply embedded in the ground, wrinkled and of dirty-brown colour. Leaves are radical,long petiole, large, orbicular and 5-7 nerved. Flowers are in panicles and dark-purple in colour. Fruit is oval and violet in colour. Root is thick, rigid, wrinkled and of reddish-brown colour. Internally it is white coloured. It has aromatic odor and bitter and astringent taste. Root deprived of outer corky layer is known as rhubarb. Chemical composition: Anthraquinones (emodin, rhein, rhaponticin, chrysophanol, sennoside A& B), resins (aporetin, erythroretin and phoeoretin), gallic acid, rheo-tannin acid, catechin, cinnamic acid, starch and calcium oxalate. It also contains essential oil (eugenol is main constituent). Action: Cholagouge purgative. Therapeutics: R. emodi is used in the treatment of loss of appetite, skin diseases, liver-ailments, dyspepsia and chronic dysentery. It is particularly useful in infantile diarrhoea. Contraindications: R. emodi should not be used in renal stones due to presence of oxalic acid. Parts used: Rhizome. Dose: Powder (0.2-1G). 177: īśvarī Family: Araistolochiaceae. Botanical name: Aristolochia indica Linn. Synonyms: īśarmūla (Hindi) and Indian birth-wort (English). Habitat: A. indica is found in india, Sri Lanka and Nepal. Morphology: A. indica is a perennial twinner. Stem is woody but branches are delicate. Leaves are oblong, broad above and constricted below. Flowers are in racemes and of light-green colour. Fruit is capsule having triangular seeds. Root is bitter in taste and aromatic. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (aristolochine), allantoin, isoaristolochic acid and essential oil (contains sesquiterpene). Action: Ecbolic. Therapeutics: A. indica is used in the treatment of constipation, worm infestation, cholera, dysuria, dysmenorrhea and malaria. Expressed juice of the leaves is given in infantile cough. Parts used: Leaves and roots. Dose: Expressed juice (5-10ml), Powder (1-3G). 178: Kīṭamārī Family: Aristolochiaceae. Botanical name: Aristolochia bracteata Retz. Synonyms: Kīṭamāra (Hindi) and Bracteated birth-wort (English). Habitat: A. bracteata is found in Upper Gangetic plains, Konkan, East India and South India. Morphology: A. bracteata is a perennial spreading herb. Branches are angular and spotted. Leaves are alternate, bean-shaped and petiolate. Flowers are in racemes and of violet colour. Fruit is oval capsule having triangular seeds. Whole plant is highly bitter. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (aristolochine), bitter principle (aristolochic acid) and foul-smelling oil. Action: Anthelmintic. Therapeutics: Leaves of A. bracteata are used in chronic indolent ulcers and eczema. Decoction of the root is given in worm infestation. It has vermicidal action. It is given with black pepper in malaria. Parts used: Leaves and roots. Dose: Expressed juice (5-10ml), Decoction (50-100ml), Powder (1-3G). 179: Sugandhavāstūka Family: Chenopodiaceae. Botanical name: Chenopodium ambrosioides Linn. Synonyms: Kīṭamāra (Hindi) and American Wormseed (English). Habitat: C. ambrosioides is cultivated in Carroll, Maryland and Yugoslavia. It is found throughout India. Morphology: C. ambrosioides is an erect much-branched and aromatic herb. Leaves are alternate, oblong and dentate. Flowers are in paniculate spikes and are insignificant. Chemical composition: Volatile oil (contains terpene ascaridole). Ascaridole is soluble in 70 % alcohol. Chenopodium oil is obtained by steam distillation from fresh aerial parts of the plant. Action: Anthelmintic. Therapeutics: C. ambrosioides is used in the treatment of worm infestation particularly Ascariasis. It is also useful in threadowrm infestation. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Extract (20-40ml). 180: Kaṅkola Family: Piperaceae. Botanical name: Piper cubeba Linn.f. Synonyms: Kabāba-cīnī, śitala-cīnī (Hindi), Gandhamarica, Kaṅkola, Kaṭukā, Kola, Madhvavosita (Sanskrit), Cubebs (English). Habitat: P. cubeba is native to Malaysia and Indonesia. It is cultivated in India. Morphology: P. cubeba is a perennial climber. Leaves are simple, smooth and have acute apex. Flowers small and fruit are beery having pungent taste. Chemical composition: Volatile oil (contains sesquiterpenes and unsaturated fatty acids), resin (contains cubebic acid, cubebin and cubebol), gum, colouring matter, starch and fixed oil. The volatile oil is obtained by distillation of cubebs. The oil is colorless or greenish-yellow, with odour and taste of cubebs. Cubebic acid is the active principle. Action: Diuretic. Therapeutics: P. cubeba is used in the treatment of anorexia, hemorrhoids, cough, chronic pyuria, dysuria and dsmenorrhea. Powdered drug is blown in nose for curing sinusitsis and cuphalgia. Parts used: Fruit. Dose: Powder (1-3G), Oil (1-3 drops). 181: Tejapatra Family: Lauraceae. Botanical name: Cinnamomum tamala Nees & Eberm Synonyms: Tejapāta (Hindi). Habitat: C. tamala is found in Himalayas. Morphology: C. tamala is a long tree. The leaves are of brownish colour. Upper surface is smooth and shining and lower surface is ovate and pointed. The leaves have typical aroma. Chemical composition: Volatile oil contains (eugenol and cinnamic aldehyde). Action: Digestive. Therapeutics: C. tamala is used in the treatment of anorexia, hemorrhoids, cough and nausea. Parts used: Leaves. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Tejapatra: Trijātaka cūrṇa. 182: Medasaka Family: Lauraceae. Botanical name: Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Robins Synonyms: Maidā lakaḍī (Hindi), Medasaka (Sanskrit). Habitat: L. glutinosa is found throughout India. Morphology: L. glutinosa is a mudium-sized tree. The bark is dusky externally and reddish internally. Branches and leaves contain fine hairs. The leaves are alternate, aromatic and of green colour. Flowers are yellow coloured. Fruit is pea-shaped having violet colour. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (laurotetannine) and tannins. The seeds contain foul-smelling essential oil. A water-soluble arabinoxylan has been isolated from the bark of Litsea glutinosa. Action: Analgesic. Therapeutics: L. glutinosa is used in the treatment of gout, sciatica, rheumatism, diarrhoea and skin diseases. Powdered drug is used as emplastrum in fractures. Parts used: Bark. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 183: Bandāka Family: Loranthaceae. Botanical name: Dendrophthoe falcata (Linn.f.) Ettingsh. Synonyms: Bandā (Hindi). Habitat: D. falcata is found throughout India. Morphology: D. falcata is a bushy herb growing as parasite on trees. Bark is grey coloured. The leaves are thick and opposite. Flowers are orange coloured and fruit is berry. Chemical composition: Tannins. Action: Digestive. Therapeutics: D. falcata is used in the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, convulsions, epilepsy, oedema and dysuria. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Expressed juice (5-100ml). 184: Snuhī Family: Euphorbiaceae. Botanical name: Euphorbia nerifolia Linn. Synonyms: Sehuṇḍa is found throughout India. Morphology: E. neriifolia is a small shrub or tree having milky latex. Stems are spiny and fleshy. Leaves are annual, green and obovate. Flowers are greenish-yellow and small. Chemical composition: Euphorbon, resin and calcium. Recently, a new tetracyclic triterpene, nerifoliene along with euphol has been isolated from the fresh latex. Action: Drastic purgative. Therapeutics: Leaves of E. neriifolia are applied locally for reducing pain and inflammotion. Expressed juice is used in otalgia. Milk in smalldose is applied in skin diseases. The milk is applied to hemorrhoids and fistula-in-ano. The milk is given internally as purgative in hepatomegaly and dropsy. In bronchitis, expressed juice of the plant is given with borax and honey. It acts as emetic also. Parts used: Roots, leaves and milk. Dose: Expressed juice (5-10ml). Powder (1/2-1G), Milk (125-250mg). 185: Kampillaka Family: Euphorbiaceae. Botanical name: Mallotus philippinensis Linn. Synonyms: Kabīlā (Hindi) and kamala tree (English). Habitat: M. philippensis is found throughout India. Morphology: M. philippensis is a small to medium-sized tree. Bark is dark-brown externally and redish internally. Leaves are alternate, entire and have red glands. Flowers are whitish-yellow in colour. Fruit is round and has red glandular hairs. It is covered with shining-red powder. If the fruit is rubbed, the powder separates. It is known powder. Seeds are black. Chemical composition: Coloring matter (rottlerin, isorottlerin and homorottlerin), resin, essential oil, tannins, oxalic acid, wax, hydrocyanic acid, citric acid and gum. Seeds contain poisonous glycoside. Action: Anthelmintic. Therapeutics: M. philippensis is used in the treatment of worm infestation. It is particularly effective against threadworm and H.nana. It is given in pruritis and abdominal diseases. Parts used: Glands from the fruit. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Kampillaka: Krimighātinī vaṭikā. 186: Putrajīvaka Family: Euphorbiaceae. Botanical name: Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. Synonyms: Jīyāpota (Hindi). Habitat: P. roxburghii is found throughout India. Morphology: P. roxburghii is a mudium-sized, evergreen tree. Leaves are ovate and acute. Flowers are small and yellow in colour. Fruit is round and hairy drupe. If the fruit is rubbed, the powder separates. It is known as kamala powder. Seed is pointed and rigid. Chemical composition: Fruit-pulp contains alkaloid (putranjivine), saponin and glucoside. Seeds contain fixed oil. Seed-pulp yields essential oil and glucosides. Therapeutics: P. roxburghii is used in the treatment of polydipsia, constipation and dysuria. It is effective in seminal debility and sterility. Expressed juice of the leaves is given in elephantiasis. Parts used: Seeds and leaves. Dose: Powder (1-3G), Expressed juice (10-20ml). 187.1: Bhūmyāmalakī Family: Euphorpiaceae. Botanical name: phyllanthus urinaria Linn. Synonyms: Bhuiāmalā (Hindi). Habitat: P. urinaria is found throughout India. Morphology: P. urinaria is an annual herb. Stem is erect and light-red in colour. Leaves are spreading, oblong and in pairs. Flowers are small and yellow in colour. Fruit is round and capsule. Seed are light-brown in colour. Chemical composition: Lignans (phyllanthin and hyophyllanthin), alkaloid (phyllanthine) and bitter principle (pseudochiratin). Action: Diuretic. Therapeutics: P. urinaria is used in the treatment of hyperacidity, polydipsia, jaundice and skin diseases. Leaves of the plant mixed with common salt are used in fractures. Expressed juice of the roots is given in hiccough. Decoction of the whole plant is beneficial in malaria. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Powder (1-3G), Expressed juice (10-20ml). 187: Svarṇakṣīrī Family: Papaveraceae. Botanical name: Argemome mexicana Linn. Synonyms: Satyānaśī (Hindi) and Mexican Poppy (English). Habitat: A. mexicana is native to America. It is found throughout India. Morphology: A. maxicana is an annual, prickly and unbranched herb, ehich abounds in yellow milky juice. Leaves are sub acute, thick, greenish colour and prickly. Flowers are bright-yellow in colour. Fruit is capsule and seeds are many and of dark-brown colour. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (berberine and protopine), ash (contains alkaline phosphates and sulphates) and fixed oil (contains alkaloids sanguinarine and dihydrosantuinarine). Protopine is slightly soluble in water. Dihydrosanguinarine is highly toxic. The oil treated with equal amount of nitric acid, gives orange-red colour. Action: Mild laxative. Therapeutics: Oil or root is used in the treatment of constipation, abdominal colic and tapeworm infestation. Oil is rubbed in leucoderma, warts, arthritis and rheumatism. Expressed juice of the root is alterative. It is given in malaria and edema. Parts used: Roots, seeds, fixed oil and latex. Dose: Powder (1-3G), Expressed juice (10-20ml), Oil (10-30 drops). 188: Kaṅkuṣṭha Family: Guttiferae. Botanical name: Garcinia morella Desr. Synonyms: tamāla (Hindi) and Gambose (English). Habitat: G. morella is found Western Ghats. Morphology: G. morella is a medium-sized evergreen tree. Leaves are elliptic, ovate and thin at both the ends. Flowers are unisexual and fruit is beery having four seeds. Seeds are bean-shaped, flat and bown coloured. Chemical composition: Coloring matter (morellin), flavone (morelloflavone), *-guttiferin, *-guttiferin and resin-acid (garcilonic acid, the active principle). Seeds contain fat. Action: Purgative. Therapeutics: G. morella is used in the treatment of tympanites, edema and hypertension. Ointment prepared from fat is used as antiseptic application to skin wounds. Parts used: Resin. Dose: 50-125mg. 189: Jayapāla Family: Euphorbiaceae. Botanical name: Croton tiglium Linn. Synonyms: Jamālagoṭā (Hindi) and Purging croton (English). Habitat: C. tiglium is found in Burma, Sri Lanka and South India. Morphology: C. tiglium is a small evergreen tree. Bark is dusky coloured. Leaves are oblong, dentate and yellowish-green in colour. Flowers are small, unisexual and yellowish-green in colour. Fruit is whiter and contains brown coloured seeds. Seed-pulp is reddish-brown in colour. Chemical composition: Fixed oil (contains croton-resin). Croton-resin is powerful vesicant. Active principle includes croton-oleic acid, methyl crotonic acid and crotonol. Fixed oil is dark reddish-brown in colour. It is soluble in olive oil and alcohol. Action: Drastic purgative. Therapeutics: Oil obtained from c. tiglium was used as counterirritant. It was used for curing ringworm but the used has been discontinued because of pain and suppuration it causes. Internally it is used in chronic constipation, worm infestation, dropsy and anasarca. Parts used: Seeds and seed-oil. Dose: Seeds (50-125mg), Oil (1/2-1 drop). Formulations based on Jayapāla: Icchābhedirasa and Jalodarārirasa. 190: Nāgadantī Family: Eurphorbiaceae. Botanical name: Croton oblongifolius Linn. Synonyms: Putla (Hindi), Nāgadantī (Sanskrit). Habitat: C. oblongifolius is found throughout India. Morphology: C. oblongifolius is a small tree. Leaves are alternate and oblong. Flowers are yellowish-green in colour. Fruit is capsule. Chemical composition: Sterols and fixed oil (contains oblongifolin). Action: Drastic purgative. Therapeutics: Decoction of the root-bark is given in diarrhoea and dysentery. It is also given in liver ailments and fevers. Parts used: Seeds, root-bark and oil from seeds. Dose: Powder (50-125mg). 191: Vaṭa Family: Moraceae. Botanical name: Ficus bengalensis Linn. Synonyms: Baragada (Hindi) and Banyan tree (English). Habitat: F. bengalensis is found throughout India. Morphology: F. bengalensis is a large, many-branched and evergreen tree with aerial roots. Bark is dusky-white and thick. Leaves are obtuse, entire and thick. Flowers are unisexual. Fruit is round and reddish coloured when mature. Chemical composition: Tannins, ketones (20-tetratriacontene-1-one (1), 6-heptatriacontene-10-one (7) and pentatriacontan-5-one (13), B-sitosterol-alpha-D-glucose, meso-inositol and flavonoids (5, 7-dimethyl ether of leucopelargonidin 3-0-alpha-L rhamnoside and 5, 3'-dimethyl ether of leucocyanidin 3-0-alpha-D galactosyl cellobioside). Action: Urinary astringent. Therapeutics: F. bengalensis is used in the treatment of diarrhoea, vomiting, dysentery, epistaxis, leucorrhoea. menorrhagia and diabetes. Parts used: Bark, milk, leaves and fruit. Dose: Powder (3-6G), Decoction (50-100ml), Milk (5-10ml). Formulations based on Vaṭa: Nyagrodhādi cūrṇa. 192: Aśvattha Family: Moraceae. Botanical name: Ficus religiosa Linn. Synonyms: Pīpala (Hindi) and Peepal (English). Habitat: F. religiosa is found throughout India. Morphology: F. religiosa is a large glabrous tree. Chemical composition: Tannins. Action: Urinary astringent. Therapeutics: F. religiosa is used in the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, and diabetes. Decoction of the bark is given in gout and whopping-cough. Powdered fruit is given in infertility. Parts used: Bark, milk and fruit. Dose: Decoction: (50-100ml). 193: Plakṣa Family: Moraceae. Botanical name: Ficus lacor Bunch.-Ham. Synonyms: Pākara (Hindi). Habitat: F. lacor is found throughout India. Morphology: F. lacor is a large tree. Bark is greenish-dusky. Leaves are alternate, oblong and shining. Flowers are sessile. Fruit is red or white coloured. Chemical composition: Coumarin (bergenin), sterols and tannins. Therapeutics: F. lacor is used in the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, polyuria and menorrhagia. Decoction of the stem-bark is given in stomatitis and leucorrhoea. Parts used: Bark. Dose: Decoction: (50-100ml). 194: Tūda Family: Moraceae. Botanical name: Morus indica Linn. Synonyms: Tūta (Hindi) and Common mulberry (English). Habitat: M. indica grows wild in sub-Himalayan tract. Morphology: M. indica is a small tree. Leaves are ovate and deeply lobed. Fruit is yellow coloured. Chemical composition: Pectin. Action: Mild laxative. Therapeutics: M. indica is used in the treatment of constipation and indigestion. Decoction of the fruit is given in sore-throat. Parts used: Bark and fruit. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). 195: Kakodumbara Family: Moraceae. Botanical name: Ficus hispida Linn. Synonyms: Kaṭhūmara (Hindi). Habitat: F. hispida is found throughout India. Morphology: F. hispida is a small tree having hairy branches. It contains milky latex. Bark is grey coloured. Leaves ovate, opposite and have rough lower surface. Fruit is round, hairy and yellow coloured. Chemical composition: Tannin, glucoside and saponin. Psoralen has been reported. Action: Alterative. Therapeutics: F. hispida is used in the treatment of leucoderma. Milky latex is applied on white patches. Decoction of the fruit is given in skin ulcers. Powdered bark is given in jaundice. Decoction of the bark is given in malaria. Parts used: Bark, milky latex and fruit. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml), Powder (1-3G). 196: Cirabilva Family: Ulmaceae. Botanical name: Holoptelia integrifolia Planch Synonyms: Cirabila (Hindi). Habitat: H. integrifolia is found throughout India. Morphology: H. integrifolia is a mudium sized tree. Bark is grey coloured. Leaves are alternate and elliptic. Flowers are small and green in colour. Fruit is orbicular with flat seeds. Chemical composition: Fatty oil of yellow colour. 2 *, 3*-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid has been reported. Action: Anti-obesity. Therapeutics: H. integrifolia is used in the treatment of vomiting, hemorrhoids, polyuria and obesity. Parts used: Bark. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). Formulations based on Cirabilva: Cirabilvādi kaṣāya. 197: Panasa Family: Moraceae. Botanical name: Artocarpus integrifolia Merr. Synonyms: Kaṭahala (Hindi) and Jack tree (English). Habitat: A. integrifolia is found throughout India. Morphology: A. integrifoiia is an evergreen and densely branched tree. It contains milky latex. Leaves are entire, elliptic and have shining upper surface. Fruit is glandular and attains massive size. Seeds are bean-shaped. Chemical composition: Wood contains coloring matter (cyanomaclurin and morin). Bark contains tannin. Dried latex contains artostenone and steroketone. Fruit contains minerals and vitamins. Therapeutics: Ripe fruit of A. integrifolia is used in bleeding diathesis and seminal weakness. Decoction of the bark is given in diarrhoea. Decoction of the root is given in skin diseases. Parts used: Bark, fruit and bark. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). 197: Akṣoṭaka Family: Juglandaceae. Botanical name: Juglans regia Linn. Synonyms: Akharoṭa (Hindi), Akṣoṭaka (Sanskrit), Walnut (English). Habitat: J. regia is found in Temperate Himalayas. Morphology: J. regia is a large tree. Bark is grey coloured. Leaves are entire, elliptic and imparipinnate. Flowers are bisexual. Fruit is oval and highly aromatic. Chemical composition: Alkaloidal principle. Action: Nootropic. Therapeutics: Bark of J. regia is used in worm infestation. Decoction of the bark is given in indolent ulcers. Fruit is prescribed in rheumatism. Parts used: Fruit-pulp and root-bark. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 199: Kaṭapala Family: Myricaceae. Botanical name: Myrica nagi Thunb. Synonyms: Kāiphala (Hindi) and Box myrtle (English). Habitat: M. nagi is found in Subtropical Himalayas. Morphology: M. nagi is a mudium-sized, shady and evergreen tree. Branches are hairy. Bark is dusky, heavy and fissured. Leaves are simple, aromatic and dentate. Lower surface of the leaves have resinous glands. Flowers are red in colour and hairy. Fruit is berry, red in colour when ripe. Chemical composition: Glycoside (myricitrin), tannin and volatile oil. Therapeutics: Powdered Bark of M. nagi is used as snuff in common cold and sinusitis. Internally it is given in diarrhoea, dysentery, bronchitis, polyuria and seminal disorders. Parts used: Fruit-pulp and root-bark. Dose: Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Kaṭaphala: Kaṭaphalādi quātha. 200: Mayaphala Family: Fagaceae. Botanical name: Quercus infectoria Olive. Synonyms: Mājūphala (Hindi) and Gall-oak (English). Habitat: Q. infectoria is found in Asia Minor, Syria and Iran. Morphology: Q. infectoria is a shrub or small tree. Leaves are dentate and yellow in colour. Flowers are red in colour and hairy. Galls are formed on new branches. An insect (Adleria gallaetinctoriae Oliv.) deposit eggs in new branches. The eggs become a compact mass and are known as magic-nut. Galls are shining and brown in colour. Chemical composition: Gallo-tannic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid and essential oil. Therapeutics: Q. infectoria is sued in hemorrhage, hyperhidrosis, diarrhoea, internal hemorrhoids, polyuria and pyuria. Parts used: Galls. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 201: Bhūrja Family: Betulaceae. Botanical name: Betula utilis D.Don. Synonyms: Bhojapatra (Hindi) and Jacquemon tree (English). Habitat: B. utilis is found in Himalayas and Kashmir. Morphology: B. utilis is a moderate-sized tree. Bark is shinning, smooth, thin and redish-white in colour. Leaves are ovate, serrate and dentate. Flowers are bisexual and monoeciuos. Fruit is nut having one seed. Chemical composition: Outer bark contains betulin, betulic acid, lupeol, lupenone, oleanolic acid, acetyl-oleanolic acid, karachic acid, leucocyanidin, methylbetulate and methylbutulonate. Inner bark contains leucoanthocyanidin. Action: Anticonvulsant. Prabhava: Tridoshaghana. Therapeutics: B. utilis is used in the treatment of hysteria, mania, convulsions, diarrhoea, dysentery, obesity and bleeding diathesis. Parts used: Bark. Dose: Powder (3-6G), Decoction (5-10ml). 202: Soma Family: Gnetaceae. Botanical name: Ephedra gerardiana Wall. Synonyms: Bhojapatra (Hindi), Soma (Sanskrit). Habitat: E.gerardiana is found in Temperate and Alpine Himalayas. Morphology: E. gerardiana is a small and bushy plant. Trunk has nodes and bark is grey coloured. Branches are dark-green coloured, torturous and ciruclar. Leaves are scaly. Spikes are in whorled clusters. Fruit is sweet, simple, oval and red in colour. Seeds are two in number. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (ephedrine and pesudoephedrine). Ephedrine is chemically and pharmacologically related to adrenaline. Pseudoephedrine is the dextrorotatory isomer of ephedrine. Ephedrine is soluble in water and alcohol. Action: Bronchodilator. Therapeutics: E. gerardiana is used in the treatment of hysteria, nocturnal enuresis, bronchial asthma, narcolepsy, dysmenorrhoea and common-cold. Parts used: Branches. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Soma: Somakalpa. 203: Sarala Family: Pinaceae. Botanical name: Pinus roxburghii Sargent. Synonyms: Cīra (Hindi) and Chir Pine (English). Habitat: P. roxburghii is found in Himalayas and Bhutan. Morphology: P. roxburghii is a large tree. Bark is red in colour. Leaves are group of three, light-green, triangular and minutely dentate. Cones are alone or in groups. Female cones are oval and brown in colour. Seeds are compressed. Chemical composition: Oleo-resin. Turpentine oil is obtained by distillation from the oleo-resin. Oleo-resin. contains *-pinene, *-pinene, carane and longifoline. Action: Pulmonary antiseptic. Therapeutics: Oil of turpentine is counter-irritant vesicant, haemostatic, antiseptic and disinfectant. Mixed with camphor is used as liniment in arthritis, rheumatism, sciatica, mylagia and lumbago. 5-10ml of the oil is given in constipation and tapeworm infestation. It is given in enema for treating threadworm infestation. It is followed by dose of castor oil. When inhaled, oil acts as powerful bronchodilator and used in treating chronic bbronchitis. It is also used in chronic cystitis and pyuria. Parts used: Bark, oleo-resin and oil. Dose: Powder (1-3G),Oil (1-3 drops). 204: Hapuśa Family: Pinaceae. Botanical name: Juniperus communis Linn. Synonyms: Haubera (Hindi) and Common juniper (English). Habitat: J. communis is found in Himalayas. Morphology: J. communis is an evergreen shrub. Bark is smooth and red in colour. Leaves are linear and have acute apex. Flowers are unisexual and axillary. Fruit is oval, dark-brown coloured and aromatic. Seeds are three and oval shaped. Chemical composition: Volatile oil in all parts of the plant. Ripe fruit contains oil of juniper. Oil contains pinen. camphene, cadinene and juniper comphor. Leaves are rich source of ascorbic acid. Action: Diuretic. Therapeutics: Oil of juniper is not used externally. It is used in dyspepsia, chronic cystitis and pyuria. Parts used: Fruit. Dose: Powder (3-6G), Oil (4-6 drops). 205: Karpūra Family: Lauraceae. Botanical name: Cinnamomum camphora Nees. Synonyms: Kapūraa (Hindi) and Camphor (English). Habitat: C. camphora is native to China, Japan and Formosa. It is cultivated in India also. Morphology: C. camphora is an evergreen shrub. Bark is smooth and red in colour. Leaves are linear and have acute apex. Flowers are unisexual and axillary. Fruit is oval, dark-brown coloured and aromatic. Seeds are three and oval shaped. Chemical composition: Camphor is purified by sublimation. It is a white crystalline substance. Taste is pungent, bitter, followed by cold sensation. Camphor is readily soluble in milk, ether, alcohol and chloroform. Camphor oil in addition to camphor contains safrol, cineol, pinene and cymene. Natural camphor is optically active. Camphor becomes liquid when triturated with chloral hydrate, menthol, thymol, salol, phenol and *-napthol. Action: Cardiac tonic. Therapeutics: Externally camphor is used as liniment in arthritis, rheumatism, sciatica, myalgia and lumbago. Snuff of camphor is given in common-cold. Internally it is used in the treatment of dyspepsia, chronic bronchitis, diarrhoea, chorea, pyuria, obesity and cardiac weakness. Parts used: Extract. Dose: 125-375 mg. Formulations based on Karpūra: Karpūrādi vaṭī and Karpūrāsava. 206: śaṭī Family: Zingiberaceae. Botanical name: Hedchium spicatum LBuch-Ham. Synonyms: Kapūrakacarī (Hindi) and Spiked ginger lily (English). Habitat: H. spicatum is found in Bhutan, Nepal and Himalayas. Morphology: H. spicatum is a perennial herb. Rhizome is tuberous, aggressively smelling and bitter in taste. Leaves are oblong and glabrous. Flowers are hairy and white coloured. Fruit is capsule. Chemical composition: Essential oil, glucoside, starch and ash. Hedychenone has been isolated form hexane fraction. Action: Antiasthmatic. Therapeutics: H. spicatum is used in the treatment of hemorrhoids, vomiting, diarrhoea, common cold, bronchitis and bronchial asthma. It is beneficial in allergic asthma and eosinophilia. Parts used: Rhizome. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on śaṭī: śaṭyādi cūrṇa. 207: Tavakṣīra Family: Zingiberaceae. Botanical name: Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. Synonyms: Tīkhura (Hindi) and East India arrow wort (English). Habitat: C.angustifolium is found in Central Himalayas and South Inda. Morphology: C. angustifolium is an erect and branched herb. Rhizome is fleshy. Leaves are round and have acute apex. Flowers are light-pink coloured. Chemical composition: Essential oil (contains *-pinene, *-pinene, comphor and borneol), starch and resin. Therapeutics: C.angustifolium is used as tonic and astringent. Parts used: Rhizome. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 208: āmragandhiharidrā Family: Zingiberaceae. Botanical name: Curcuma amada Roxb. Synonyms: āmāhaldī (Hindi), and Mango-ginger (English). Habitat: C.amada is found in India. Morphology: C.amada is an erect and aromatic herb. Rhizome is thick and yellow in colour. Leaves are long, oblong and green in colour. Flowers are light-yellow coloured. Chemical composition: Essential oil (contains *-pinene, *-curcumene, camphor and tumerone). Action: Alterative. Therapeutics: C.amada is used in dyspepsia, loss of appetite and oedema. Parts used: Rhizome. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 209: Nāgadamanī Family: Liliaceae. Botanical name: Sansevieria roxburghiana Schult.f. Synonyms: Mūrva (Hindi) and Indian bowstring hemp (English). Habitat: S.roxburghiana is found in costal India. Morphology: S.roxburghiana is an erect herb. Leaves are blackish-green in colour. Flowers are light-green coloured. Action: Tonic. Therapeutics: S.roxburghiana is used in constipation, tuberculosis, fevers and general debility. Parts used: Root. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml). 210: Mahābharivacha Family: Zingiberacea. Botanical name: Alpinia galanga Willd. Synonyms: Kulañjana (Hindi) and Java galangal (English). Habitat: A. galanga is native to Java and Sumatra. It is found in Eastern Himalayas. Morphology: A. galanga is an aromatic, perennial herb. Leaves are green in colour, oblong, glabrous and short petiole. Flowers are aromatic, small and light-green coloured. Fruit is orange-red in colour. Seeds are flat, green in colour, triangular and aromatic. Chemical composition: Flavones (alpinin, galangin an kaempferide), essential oil (contains methyl cinnamate, cineole, camphor and d-pinene). Therapeutics: A. galanga is used in laryngeal palsy, bronchitis and bronchial asthma. It is given in rheumatism loss of appetite, polyuria and impotency. Parts used: Rhizome. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 211: Kebuka Family: Zingiberaceae. Botanical name: Costus speciosus (Koen) Sm. Synonyms: Kemuka (Hindi), Kebuka (Sanskrit). Habitat: C. speciosus is found throughout India. Morphology: C. speciosus is an erect herb. Leaves are large, oval and spirally arranged. Flowers are aromatic, large and white in colour. Fruit is capsule. Seeds are bright-red in colour. Chemical composition: Alkaloid, steroids (disogenin) and saponin. Action: Ecbolic. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Pitta and Kapha. Therapeutics: C. spesiosus is used in malabsorption, worm infestation, filariasis, bronchitis and fever. Parts used: Rhizome. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml), Powder (3-6G). 212: Kadalī Family: Musaceae. Botanical name: Musa paradisiaca Linn. Synonyms: Kelā (Hindi) and Banana (English). Habitat: M. paradisiaca is indigenous to East Himalayas. It is cultivated throughout India. Morphology: M. paradisiaca is a tree. Leaves are radical, petiole and bright green in colour. Flowers are bisexual and ovate. Fruit is oblong, pulpy and red in colour. Action: Astringent. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta. Therapeutics: M. paradisiaca is used in diarrhoea, worm infestation, colitis, haemoptysis and diabetes mellitus. Parts used: Fruit and flowers. 213: Anānāsa Family: Bromeliaceae. Botanical name: Ananas comasus (L.) Merr. Synonyms: Anānās (Hindi), Bahunetra (Sanskrit), Pine apple (English). Habitat: A. comosus is indigenous to Brazil. It is cultivated in west coasts and some parts of India. Morphology; A. comosus is a perennial and stout herb. Leaves are lanceolate and have spiny borders. Flowers are red in colour. Fruit is succulent, green when inripe and yellow when ripe. It is has tuft of leaves. Seeds are oval and flat. Chemical composition: Proteolytic ferment (bromelin) Action: Diuretic. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Pītta. Therapeutics: Juice of A. comosus is used in anorexia,hyperacidity, jaundice, constipation and dysuria. Juice of the leaves is given in worm infestation. Expressed juice of unripe fruit is abortifacient. Parts used: Fruit. Dose: Expressed juice (25-50ml). 214: Sudaraśana Family: Amaryllidaceae. Botanical name: Crinum latifolium Linn. Synonyms: Sudarśana (Hindi). Habitat: C. latifolium is cultivated throughout India. Morphology: C. latifolium is a perennial herb. Leaves are long, green in colour. Flowers are white in colour. Fruit is round having 12 large seeds. Chemical composition: Alkaloid (lycorine). Action: Diuretic. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifīes Vāta and Pitta. Therapeutics: Expressed juice of C. latifolium is used in otorrhoea and otalgia. Leaves are used in worm infestation. It is given in edema, fevers and skin diseases. Parts used: Rhizome and leaves. Dose: Expressed juice (5-10ml), Powder (1-2G). 215: Kuṅkuma Family: Iridaceae. Botanical name: Crocus sativus Linn. Synonyms: Keśara (Hindi) and Saffron (English). Habitat: C.sativus is cultivated in Kashmir. Morphology: C.sativus is a small herb. Corm is underground. Leaves are sessile and linear. Flowers are large, aromatic and violet in colour. Saffron is stigma and upper parts of style. Chemical composition: Apocarotinoid glycoside (crocin), bitter glycoside (picrocrocin). Action: Alterative. Therapeutics: C.sativus is used in cholama and melasma. It is given in migraine, liver -ailments, diarrhoea, dysuria, loss of libido, dysmenorrhea and small pox. Parts used: Stigmas. Dose: 250-500mg. Formulations based on Kuṅkluma: Kuṅkumādi tiala. 216: Tālamūlī Family: Amaryllidacea. Botanical name: Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Synonyms: Kālī mūślī (Hindi). Habitat: C. orchoides is found in Himalayas and South India. Morphology: C. orchoides is a small, delicate and perennial herb. Leaves are lanceolate. Flowers are hairy and bright-yellow in colour. Fruit is capsule. Seeds are fissured and black in colour. Chemical composition: Starch, sterols, tannins and ash and oil. Action: Spermopiotic. Therapeutics: C. orchoides is used in pruritis, malabsorption, bronchitis, hemorrhoids, jaundice, pyuria and seminal disorders. Parts used: Rhizome. Dose: Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Tālamūlī: Krauñcapāka. 217: Vārāhīkanda Family: Dioscoreaceae. Botanical name: Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. Synonyms: Ratālu (Hindi). Habitat: D. bulbifera is found in Himalayas. Morphology: D. bulbifera is climber. Stem is glabrous and twining. Leaves are alternate, ovate and have acute apex. Fruit is capsule having winged seed. Rhizome is small, brown coloured and has dense hairs. Chemical composition: Albuminoids, polysaccharides and glucosides (sitoindoside 1 and 2). Action: Tonic. Therapeutics: D. bulbifera is used in worm infestation, goiter, polyuria and general debility. Parts used: Rhizome. Dose: Powder (3-6G). 218: Palāṇḍu Family: Lilliaceae. Botanical composition: Allium cepa Linn. Synonyms: Pyāja (Hindi) and Onion (English). Habitat: A. cepa is found throughout India. Morphology: A. cepa is a biennial herb. Leaves are linear and fleshy. Flowers are small and white coloured. Bulb is aromatic, having fleshy sheath and adventitious root. Seeds are small and black coloured Chemical composition: Protein, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. It also contains essential oil and fixed oil (contains allyl-propyl disulphide). Action: Analgesic. Therapeutics: Warm expressed juice of A. cepa is used in otorrhoea. It is used in arthritis, rheumatism, sciatica, osteoarthritis, convulsions and hydrophobia. It is used in constipation, jaundice, bleeding hemorrhoids, and bronchitis. A. cepa is also given in dysuria, pruritis and seminal weakness. It is also used preventive aid against infectious diseases like plague and chorea. Parts used: Rhizome. Dose: Powder (1-3G), Expressed juice (10-30ml). 219: Vanapalāṇḍu Family: Liliaceae. Botanical name: Urginea indica Kunth Synonyms: Jaṅglī pyāja (Hindi), and Indian squill (English). Habitat: U. indica is found in sandy soil near sea-costs throughout India. Morphology: U. indica is a bulb containing herb. Leaves are radical, flat and linear. Flowers are small and greenish-white coloured. Fruit is oval and contains black coloured seeds. Bulb is fleshy and covered with brown and fleshy sheath. Chemical composition: Cardiac glycosides (scillaren a and scillaren b) and mucilage. Action: Cardiac tonic. Therapeutics: U. india is used in cardiac edema, chronic bronchitis, asthma and chronic nephritis. Contraindications: Acule nephritis, acute bronchitis and esophagitis. Parts used: Rhizome. Dose: Powder (1-3G), Syrup (30-60 drops). 220: Dvipantaravacha Family: Liliaceae. Botanical name: Smilax china Linn. Synonyms: Copacīnī (Hindi) and China-root (English). Habitat: S. china is native to China and Japan. Morphology: S. china is climber. Leaves are oval, simple and prickly. Flowers are aromatic and white coloured. Fruit is berry and red coloured. Rhizome is large and reddish. Chemical composition: Glycosides, saponin and fixed oil. Rutin is present in leaves. Therapeutics: S. china is used in the dyspepsia, constipation, worm infestation, skin diseases, edema and pyuria. Boiled in milk, it is given in seminal debility. Parts used: Rhizome. Dose: Powder (1-3G). Formulations based on Dvipantravacha: Copacīnīpāka. 221: Lāṅgalī Family: Liliaceae. Botanical name: Gloriosa superba Linn. Synonyms: Kalihārī (Hindi) and Malabar Glory Lily (English). Habitat: G. superba is found throughout India. Morphology: G. superba is a perennial climber. Leaves are sessile, oblong, twisted and oval. Flowers are showy, red coloured and solitary in the leaf axils. Fruit is capsule and contains round seeds. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (colchicine and gloriosine). Recently a glycoside (3-O-demethylcolchicine-3-O-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) has been isolated the seeds. Action: Emmmenagouge. Prabhava: Garbhapatna (Abortifacient). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifīes Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: Expressed juice of the leaves is effective in curing head lice. In small doses, it is given in general debility, hyperacidity, malaria and worm infestation. Parts used: Corm. Dose: Powder (250-500mg). Formulations based on Lāṅgalī: Kāśīsādi taila. 222: Surañjana Family: Liliaceae. Botanical name: Colchicum luteum Baker. Synonyms: Surāñjana (Hindi), Colchicum (English). Habitat: C.luteum is coltivated throughout plains of India. Morphology: C.luteum is a perennial herb. Corm is oval and dark-brown coloured. Leaves are linear and few. Flowers are golden-yellow in colour. Fruit is capsule and contains round, bitter and bownish-white coloured seeds. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (colchicine and colchieine) and starch. colchicine is white coloured crystalline alkaloid. It is soluble in water and alcohol. Action: Alterative. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifīes Vāta and Kapha. Therapeutics: C.luteum is reputed remedy for gout. Parts used: Rhizome. Dose: Powder (120-250mg). Formulations based on Surāñjana: Surāñjanāvaleha. 223: Mūśalī Family: Liliaceae. Botanical name: Asparagus adscendens Roxb. Synonyms: Safeda mūślī (Hindi), Sveta mūślī (Sanskrit). Habitat: A.adscendens is found Eastern Himalayas. Morphology: A.adscendens is a perennial, many-ranched and thorny shrub. Trunk is long, round and white in colour. Branches are dusky and angular. Flowers are long and white. Fruit is beery and contain one seed. Chemical composition: Asparagin, albumin, starch, spirostanol glycosides (asparain a and b) and furostanol glycosides (asparagside a and b). Action: Spermopiotic. Therapeutics: A.adscendens is given in seminal weakness, dysuria and pyuria. Parts used: Tubers. Dose: Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Mūśalī: Mūśalī pāka. 224: Nārikela Family: Palmae. Botanical name: Cocos nucifera Linn. Synonyms: Nāriyala (Hindi) and Coconut (English). Habitat: C. nucifera is cultivated in South India. Morphology: C. nacifera is a tall and unbranched tree. Trunk is thick, dusky or black in colour. Leaves are pinnate and tapering. Flowers in spadix are yellow in colour. Fruit is oval and triangular drupe. Outer covering of the fruit is very hard. Chemical composition: Fresh fruit contains vitamins, protein, lipids, lignin and alkalis. Oil contains capric acid, caprilic acid, myristic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. Riped fruit water contains sugar, minerals and proteins. Therapeutics: Oil derived form C. nucifera is used as demulcent application in skin diseases. It is applied to hairs. Coconut water is given in excessive thirst, constipation, tympanites, dysuria and gastritis. Alkali derived from coconut is given in constipation. Flowers is given in bloody diarrhoea. Parts used: Tubers. Dose: Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Nārikela: Narikela khāṇḍa. 225: Pūga Family: Palmae. Botanical name: Areca catechu Linn. Synonyms: Supārī (Hindi) and Areca (English). Habitat: A. catechu si native to Malaysia. It is cultivated in costal regions of India. Morphology: A. catechu is a beautiful and non-shady tree. Leaves have numerous leaflets. Male flowers are small and female flowers are large. Fruit is drupe and orange coloured when mature. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (arecoline, arecaidine, arecaine, guvacine and guvacoline), catechin and gallic acid. Arecoline is cholinergic. Therapeutics: Decoction prepared from A. catechu is used as gargle in throat diseases. Oil processed with A. catechu is used in arthritis and rheumatism. It is given in roundworm and threadworm infestations. It is also given in bleeding diathesis and polyuria. Parts used: Fruit. Dose: 1-3G. Formulations based on Pūga: Pūgakhaṇḍa. 226: Tāla Family: Palmae. Botanical name: Borassus flabellifera Linn. Synonyms: Tāla (Hindi). Habitat: B. flabellifera si found throughout South India. Morphology: B. flaballifera is a tree. Stem is dark grey coloured. Leaves are palmate and simple. Fruit is brown coloured. Chemical composition: Minerals and vitamins. Therapeutics: B. flabellifera is used as colling drink in fevers and milaria rubra. It is given in dysuria emaciation and consumption. Parts used: Fruit and root. 227: Kharjūra Family: Palmae. Botanical name: Pheonix sylvestris Roxb. Synonyms: Khajūra (Hindi), Brhata kharjurika, Dvipasambhava, Kharjura, Serni, Suphala (Sanskrit), Wild date palm (English). Habitat: P. sylvestris is found throughout India. Morphology: P. sylvestris is a deciduous tree. Stem is dusky. Leaves are pinnate and have spines at margins. Lower leaflets are transformed in to spines. Flowers are Unisexual and aromatic. Male flowers are white and female are greenish. Fruit is drupe having one rigid seed. Chemical composition: Minerals, lipids, protein, carbohydrates, and vitamins (B and C). Therapeutics: Decoction prepared from roots P. sylvestris is used as gargle in toothache. It is given in vertigo, alcoholism, sciatica, diarrhoea, bleeding diathesis, seminal weakness and dysuria. Powder of the leaves is given in worm infestation. Parts used: Fruit and fruit-juice. Dose: As per requirement. Formulations based on Kharjūra: Kharjūrādi mantha. 228: Raktaniryāsa Family: Palmae. Botanical name: Daemonorops draco Blume. Synonyms: Khūnakharabā (Hindi) and Dragon's blood (English). Habitat: D. draco is found in Malaysia. Morphology: D. draco is a perennial and thorny climber. leaves are alternate. Flowers are simple and enclosed in tough sheath. Fruit is drupe and resin is collected by rubbing the fruits. Resin is red coloured, hence the name dragon's blood or khunkharba. Chemical composition: Coloring matter and resin. Action: Styptic. Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifīes Kapha and Pitta. Therapeutics: Powder of D. draco is used in chronic indolent ulcers. It is given in diarrhoea, dysentery, epistaxis, eye-diseases, internal hemorrhoids, bleeding diathesis and menorrhagia. Parts used: Resin. Dose: 1-3G. 229: Ketakī Family: Pandanaceae. Botanical name: Pandanus odoratissimus Willd. Synonyms: Kevaḍā (Hindi) and Screw pine (Enlgish). Habitat: P. odoratissimus is found in sea coasts of India. Morphology: P. dooratissimus is a many branched shrub or tree. Leaves are long and green in colour. Flowers are unisexual, aromatic and have white bracts. Fruit is round and has dark-orange color. Chemical cmposition: Essential oil. Action: Demulcent. Effect on tridoṣa: Pacefīes Vāta, Kapa and Pitta. Therapeutics: Oil of P. odoratissimus is used in arthritis, rheumatism, sciatica and lumbago, otalgia and chronic skin ulcers. It is given in constipation, general debility, cardiac palpitations and small pox. Root is given in polyuria and to prevent abortion. Flowers are used as aphrodisiac. Parts used: Flower and root. Dose: Aromatic water (40-60ml). Formulations based on Ketakī: Ketkarka 230: Sūraṇa Family: Araceae. Botanical name: Amorphophallus campanulatus (Roxb.) B1. Synonyms: Zimikand (Hindi) and Elephant foot (English). Habitat: A. campanulatus is found in Sri Lanka and India. Morphology: A. campanulatus is a rigid herb. Rhizome is dark brown in colour. Leaves are compound, ovate and acute. Flowers are unisexual. Fruit is round and dark-reddish coloured. It contains 2-3 seeds. Chemical composition: Calcium oxalate, minerals and vitamins. Therapeutics: A. campanulatus is used externally in rheumatism, arthritis and filariasis. It is given in constipation, hemorrhoids, liver ailments and worm infestation. Formulations based on Surana are given in seminal weakness and amenorrhea. Contrandications: Bleeding diathesis. Parts used: Rhizome. Dose: Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Sūraṇa: Sūraṇamodaka. 231: Mankanda Family: Araceae. Botanical name: Alocasia indica (Roxb.) Schott. Synonyms: Mankand (Hindi) and Giant taro (English). Habitat: A. indica is cultivated in India. Morphology: A. indica is stout herb. Rhizome is brown in colour. Leaves are triangular and dark-green in colour. Flowers are unisexual. Mal flowers are white and female are yellow in colour. Fruit is small and red in colour. Chemical composition: Calcium oxalate, calcium oxide, mucilage, tannin and starch. Therapeutics: Ash of A. indica mixed with mustard oil and black salt is used in glossal palsy. Powered drug is used externally in rheumatism and arthritis. Expressed juice of the stem is used in otorrhoea. Expressed juice of the leaves is given in bleeding diathesis. It is given in constipation, hemorrhoids, general debility and dysuria. Powdered drug is given in anasarca and splenomegaly. Parts used: Rhizome and leaves. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml), Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Mankanda: Manmanda. 232: Kumbhīka Family: Araceae. Botanical name: Pistia stratiotes Linn. Synonyms: Jalakumbhī (Hindi), Tropical duckweed (English). Habitat: P. stratiotes is found throughout India. Morphology: P. stratiotes is a floating herb without stems. It is commonly found in stagnant waters. Root is simple and fibrous. Leaves are obovate and densely hairy. Flowers are small. Fruit is oval and green in colour. Seeds are oval. Chemical composition: Ash is known as Pana salt. It contains potassium chloride and potassium sulphate. In addition it contains flavones, minerals and vitamins. Action: Styptic. Therapeutics: Root of P. stratiotes is used in the treatment of constipation and urinary aliments. Expressed juice of the leaves with coconut oil is used in skin diseases. It is also used in external bleeding. Powdered leaves with sucrose are given in asthma. Pana salt is applied to the scalp in ringworm. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Expreesed juice (10-20ml). 233: Kaśeruka Family: Cyperaceae. Botanical name: Sciripus grossus Linn.f. Synonyms: Kesur (Hindi). Habitat: S. grossus is found throughout India. Morphology: S. grossus is a perennial herb found in aquatic habitat. Stem is triangular. Root is simple and fibrous. Leaves are dentate, short and development takes place under water. Inflorescence is yellow. Fruit is nut and brown in colour. Rhizome is oval, hairy and black in colour. Chemical composition: Steroids, carbohydrates and proteins. Therapeutics: S. grossus is used in vomiting, diarrhea, cholera and seminal debility. Flower is given in jaundice. Parts used: Rhizome and flower. Dose: Powder (5-10G). Formulations based on Kaśeruka: Kaśervādi lepa. 234: Va*śa Family: Gramineae. Botanical name: Bambusa arundinacea Willd. Synonyms: Bansa (Hindi) and Thorny bamboo (English). Habitat: B. arundinacea is found throughout India. Morphology: B. arundinacea is an erect thorny tree. Stem is thorny. Root is simple and fibrous. Leaves are linear and have acute apex. Flowers is yellow in colour. Fruit is nut and brown in colour. Chemical composition: Bamboo manna contains silica, iron oxide, calcium oxide and glucoside. Action: Emmenagouge. Therapeutics: Bamboo manna is given in diarrhoea, vomiting and polydipsia, bleeding diathesis, bronchitis, dysmenorrhea, chronic fevers and dysuria. Paste of the roots is allied in skin diseases. Fruit is given in obesity. Decoction of the root is given in rabies. Parts used: Roots, leaves fruit and bamboo manna. Dose: Bamboo manna (1-3G), Decoction (50-100ml). Formulations based on Va*śa: Sitopalādi cūrṇa. 235: Kuśa Family: Gramineae. Botanical name: Desmostachya bipinnata Linn. Synonyms: Bansa (Hindi) and Thorny bamboo (English). Habitat: D. bipinnata is found throughout India. Morphology: D. bipinnata is a rigid, erect and perennial herb. Root is deep and from the base of the roots arise sharp leaves. Spikeletes are straight and sessile. Seeds are flat. Action: Diuretic. Therapeutics: D. bipinnata is used in dysentery, polydipsia, bleeding diathesis, renal colic. dysuria, skin diseases and burning syndrome. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). Formulations based on Kuśa: Trṇapañcamūla quātha. 236: śara Family: Gramineae. Botanical name: śaccharum munja Roxb. Synonyms: śarapata (Hindi). Habitat: S. muñja is found in throughout India. Morphology: S. munja is a rigid, erect and pernnial herb. Root is deep and from the base of the roots arise sharp leaves. spikeletes are straight and sessile. Seeds are flat. Chemical composition: S. munja is used in polydpsia, bleeding diathesis, erysipelas, failing lactation, seminal debility, dysuria, eye diseases and burning syndrome. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). Formulations based on śara: Tṛṇapañcamūla quātha. 237: Kāśa Family: Gramineae. Botanical name: Saccharum spontaneum Linn. Synonyms: Kāśa (Hindi) and Thatch-grass (English). Habitat: S. spontaneum is found in throughout India. Morphology: S. spontaneum is a tall perennial grass. Stem is rigid. Leaves are thin and twisted and linear. Inflorescence is shining-white in colour. Chemical composition: Lipids, polydipsia, bleeding diathesis, erysipelas, failing lactation, seminal debility, dysuria, eye diseases and burning syndrome. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). 238: Nala Family: Gramineae. Botanical name: Arundo donax Linn. Synonyms: Narkat (Hindi) and Great reed (English). Habitat: A. donax is found in lower parts of Himalayas. Morphology: A. donax is a tall grass. Leaves are hairy and tapering at the base. Inflorescence is dusky in colour. Chemical composition: Alkaloids (Donaxine and donaxerine). Donaxine is soluble in alcohol and chloroform. It is acetylcholinsterase inhibitor. Action: Galactagouge. Therapeutics: A. donax is used in bleeding diathesis, erysipelas, failing lactation, seminal debility, dysuria, eye diseases and burning syndrome. Parts used: Roots. Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). Formulations based on Nala: Tṛṇapañcamūla quātha. 239: Dūrvā Family: Gramineae. Botanical name: Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers. Synonyms: Dūba (Hindi). and Conch grass (English). Habitat: C. dactylon is found in lower parts of Himalayas. Morphology: C. dactylon is a creeping perennial grass. Stem contains roots at nodes. Leaves are linear. Inflorescence is green in colour. Seed is small and brown in colour. Chemical composition: Fresh plant contains fiber, ash and protein, Dried contains minerals and vitamins. In addition, it contains alkaloids (ergonovine and ergovinine) and glycosides, carotene, sterols, ascorbic acid and triterpenoids. Therapeutics: Expressed juice of C. dactylon is used in conjunctivitis. Paste of the plant is applied in urticaria and cephalgia. Expressed juice is given in insanity and epilepsy. C. dactylon on account of its styptic property is applied in external bleeding. It is given in bleeding hemorrhoids, dysentery and bleeding diathesis. Decoction is sued in anasarca. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: EXpressed juice (50-100ml). Formulations based on Dūrvā: Dūrvādi quātha. 240: Rohiṣa Family: Gramineae. Botanical name: Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) Wats. Synonyms: Roosā grass (Hindi). Habitat: C. martini is found in India. Morphology: C. martini is an aromatic perennial grass. Stem is pale yellow coloured, thin and leafy. Roots are covered with leaves. Leaves are thin and have acute apex. Inflorescence is reddish-brown in colour. Chemical composition: Essential oil, popularly known as Rusa oil or Palmrosa oil (contains geraniol). Action: Galactagouge. Therapeutics: Paste of the plant is applied in alopecia and rheumatism. It is given in diarrhoea, dysentery, dyspepsia, failing lactation, common cold, anuria, skin diseases and fevers. Parts used: Stem, leaves and oil Dose: Decoction (50-100ml). 241: Ha*sarāja Family: Polypodiaceae. Botanical name: Adiantum lunulatum Burm. Synonyms: Samalpatti (Hindi) and Maiden hair (English). Habitat: A. lunulatum is found in North India and hilly areas. Morphology: A. lunulatum is a fern. Rhizome is underground. stipes is dark-brown coloured. Fronds are pinnate have straight anterior margin and bend posterior margin. Inflorescence is reddish-brown in colour. Lower surface of the leaves contain sori (reproductive cells). Therapeutics: Paste of A. lunulatum is used in plague and erysipelas. It is given in bleeding diathesis, diarrhoea, laryngeal palsy, common cold and chronic bronchitis. Parts used: Fronds. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml); Powder (2-5G). Formulations based on Ha*sarāja: Ha*sapadī pānaka. 242: Mayūraśikhā Family: Polypodiaceae. Botanical name: Adiantum caudatum Linn. Synonyms: Mayūrśikhā (Hindi). Habitat: A. caudatum is found in North India and hilly areas. Morphology: A. caudatum si an herbaceous fern. Stipes is shining, hairy, and dark-brown in colour. Fronds are dichotomous and have distinct mid-rib. Chemical composition: Hydrocarbons (hentriacontane and hentriacotanol). Action: Astringent. Therapeutics: A. caudatum is given in diarrhoea, worm infestation, bleeding diathesis, skin disease and fevers. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml). 243: śaileya Family: Parmeliaceae. Botanical name: Parmelia perlata Ach. Synonyms: Charīlā (Hindi) and Stone flowers (English). Habitat: P. perlata is found throughout India. Morphology: P. perlata is lichen having flat thallus. It grows on rocks and house walls. Upper surface of the thallus is green or black and lower is white colourea. The thallus has typical smell. Reproduction takes with spores. Chemical compositon: Atranorin and lecanoric acid. Therapeutics: Paste of P. perlata is used in abscess, pruritis and cephlagia. It is used in diarrhoea, edema, bronchitis and burning syndrome. In renal calculi, decoction of P. perlata is given with cumin powder. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Powder (1-3G). 244: śaivāla Family: Ceratophyllaceae. Botanical name: Ceratophyllum demersum Linn. Synonyms: Kāī (Hindi). Habitat: C. demersum is found throughout India. Morphology: C. demersum is a slender and branched alga. Leaves are segmented and form sort of network. Flowers are monoeciuos. Fruit is nut let. Chemical composition: Myrophyllin. Therapeutics: Paste of C. demersum is used in bleeding hemorrhoids. It is used in polydipsia, diarrhoea, fever, bleeding diathesis and burning syndrome. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Expressed juice (10-20ml). Note: Description up to here is based on medicinal plants mentioned in syllabus of Dravyaguṇa. CHAPTER 4 Miscellaneous āyurvedic Drugs 1. Jīvaka Gaṇa or classification according to āyurveda: Aṣṭavarga and Jīvanīya Gaṇa. Family: Orchidaceae. Botanical name: Microstylis muscifera Ridley.syn. Malaxis muscifera (Lindley) Kuntze Synonyms: Hrsavaṅga, Jīvaka, Kūrcarsirsaka (Sanskrit). Habitat: M. musifera is found in Himalayas. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on tridoṣa: Pacifīes Vāta and Pitta. Karma (Action): Tonic. Therapeutics: M. musifera is used in burning syndrome, general debility and bronchitis. Parts used: Roots. Formulations based on Jīvaka: Chyavanprāśa. 2. ṛṣabhaka Gaṇa or classification according to Ayurveda: Aṣṭavarga and Jīvanīya Gaṇa. Family: Orchidaceae. Botanical name: Microstylis wallichii Linn. Synonyms: Vīrā (Sanskrit). Habitat: M. wallichii is found in Himalayas. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Effect on tridoṣa: Pacifīes Vāta and Pitta. Karma (Action): Tonic. Therapeutics: M. wallichii is used in burning syndrome, general debility and bronchitis. Parts used: Roots. Formulations based on ṛsabhaka: Chyavanaprāśa. 3. ṛddhi Gaṇa or classification according to āyurveda: Aṣṭavarga and Jīvanīya Gaṇa. Family: Orchidaceae. Botanial name: Hebenaria intermedia D. Don. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Pbysical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifīes Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Karma (Action): Vājīkaraṇa (Aphrodisiac). Therapeutics: H. intermedia is used in general debility and bronchitis. Parts used: Roots. Formulations based on ṛddhi: Chyavanaprāśa. 4. Vṛddhi Gaṇa or classification according to āyurveda: Aṣṭavarga and Jīvanīya Gaṇa. Family: Orchidaceae. Botanical name: Habenaria edgeworthii Hook.f. ex Collet. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical porperty): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifīes Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Karma (Action): Vājīkaraṇa (Aphrodisiac). Therapeutics: M. edegwothi is used in general debility and bronchitis. Parts used: Roots. Formulations based on Vṛddhi: Chyavanaprāśa. 5. Kākolī Gaṇa or classification according to āyurveda: Aṣṭavarga and Jīvanīya Gaṇa. Botanical name: (1) Roscoea purpuera Wall. (2) Lillium polyphylum Don Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhrua (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifīes Vāta. Karma (Action): Vātahara. Therapeutics: R. Purpuera is used in general debility, bleeding diathesis and fever. Formulations based on Kākolī: Chyavanaprāśa. 6. Kṣīra Kākolī Gaṇa or classification according to āyurveda: Aṣṭavarga and Jīvanīya Gaṇa. Family: Liliaceae. Botanical name: Fritillaria roylei Hook.f. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifīes Vāta. Karma (Action): Vātahara. Therapeutics: F. roylei is used in general debility, bleeding diathesis and fever. Formulations based on Kṣīra Kākolī: Chyavanaprāśa. 7. Medā Gaṇa or classification according to āyurveda: Aṣṭavarga and Jīvanīya Gaṇa. Botanical name: Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifīes Vāta. Action: Vājīkaraṇa. 8. Mahā Medā Gaṇa or classification according to āyurveda: Aṣṭavarga and Jīvanīya Gaṇa. Botanical name: Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle (L.) All. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical porperty): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifīes Vāta. Action: Vājījaraṇa. 9. Mahāmuṇdī Family: Compositae. Botanical name: Sphaernthus africans Linn. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Katua (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifīes Vāta. Karma (Action): Medya. Therapeutics: It is similar to Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. 10: Nāhī Family: Gentiaceae Botanical name: Enicostemma littorale Blume. Synonyms: Nāhī, Nāgajihvā, Māmajjaka, Tīkṣṇapatrā (Sanskrit). Habitat: E. littorale is found throughout India up to height of 1500 feet. Morphology: E. littorale is a perennial herb. Flowers are yellow or white coloured and arranged in clusters. Seeds are small. Chemical composition: Bitter principle (swertimarine), two alkaloids (one gentianine and other's name not confirmed), ophelic acid and tannins. Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifīes Pitta and Kapha. Karma (Action): viṣmajvaraghana (Antimalarial). Therapeutics: E. littorale is used in constipation, worm infestation, edema, obesity and malaria. It is especially indicated in diabetes mellitus. Parts used: Whole plant. Dose: Decoction (10-20ml), Powder (1-3G). 11: Devadāru Gaṇa or classification according to āyurveda: Vednashamaka. Family: Pinaceae. Botanical name: Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud. Synonyms: Devadar (Hindi) and Deodar (English). Habitat: C. deodara is found N.W.Himalayas. Morphology: C. deodara is a tall tree. Bark is fissured and has reddish-brown colour. Leaves are long and green in colour. Cones are oval in shape. Chemical composition: Essential oil (contains sesquitrepene alcohol known as himachalol). Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifīes Vāta and Kapha. Karma (Action): Vedanāśāmaka (Analgesic). Therapeutics: C. deodara is used in tympanites, fever, arthritis, rheumatism, pruritis and hiccough. Parts used: Wood and oil. Dose: Powder (3-6G). Formulations based on Devadāru: Devadarvādi quātha and Rāsnāsaptakādi quātha. CHAPTER 5 Medicinal Plants used in other Systems of Medicine Abroma augusta (Devil's cotton): Decoction prepared from the roots of the plant is useful for regulating abnormal menstrual cycle. Acacia senegal (Indian gum tree): It is given in diarrhoea, cystitis and bronchitis. Acalypha indica: It is a weed in gardens. It is useful in bronchitis, constipation and skin diseases. Achillea millefolium (Yarrow): Yarrow is member of sunflower family. It is commonly known as rojamari or biranjasif. The plant abounds in essential oil. Yarrow is considered to be diuretic and styptic. Hot infusion of the whole plant is used in menstrual abnormalities like menorrhagia and metrorrhagia. It is used in the treatment of fevers, general debility, indigestion and loss of appetite. Decoction of the whole plant is useful in bleeding piles. The aroma of the drug is inhaled in nasal catarrh. Achyranthes bidentata: It is given in diarrhoea and dysuria. Aconitum chasmanthum: It is given in fevers, joint pains, heart diseases and diabetes. Aconitum napellus (Monk's hood): Medicinal use of the plant is similar to Aconitum ferox. Acorus gramineus: It is given in general debility. Adiantum caudatum: It is given in diarrhoea, worm infestation, bleeding diathesis, skin disease and fevers. Adnasonia digitata (Baobob tree): It is used in the treatment of indigestion, diabetes mellitus, diarrhoea and dysentery. Adonis Versalis (Pheasant's eye): Leaves are used in cardiac edema. Aerva lanata: Decoction of the root is beneficial in kidney stones. Agaricus campestris: It is used in seminal debility and constipation. Externally it is used as styptic. Aglagia domestica (Langsat): Resin obtained from the plant is used in diarrhoea. Ajuga bracteosa: It is given in fevers, gout and amenorhoea. Ajuga reptens: It is given in indigestion. Alchemilla vulgaris (Lady's mantle): Astringent for wounds, excessive menstruation. Alhagi camelorum: (Persian Manna Plant): It is used in treatment of bronchitis, anuria and constipation. Allamanda cathartica: It is given in constipation. Allium sativum (Garlic): Origin of garlic is from Central Asia, garlic is now cultivated worldwide. Juice of garlic is used in earache. It is rubbed in skin diseases. The juice of garlic diluted with equal quantity of water is used as anrtiseptic application to wounds. Garlic helps to reduce cholesterol, reduces high blood pressure and lower blood sugar levels. Recent studies have shown that garlic is helpful in preventing hyperemesis (excessive vomiting) during pregnancy. Today we have aged garlic extract and odorless extract available with us. Some companies market garlic oil in soft gelatin capsules. In India two garlic cloves are consumed by elderly people for reducing cholesterol and triglycerides. It may cause gastritis and foul smell in mouth. syrup prepared from garlic is good expectorant and helpful in chronic bronchitis. Ayurvedic physicians prescribe Lashunadi vati for gaseous distension of the abdomen. Concurrent administration of garlic with aspirin or other blood thinners should be avoided as it can lead to bleeding . In addition garlic has antiviral and antibacterial properties. Alocasia macrrorrhiza: Leaf juice is used in diarrhoea. Powdered rhizome is given in constipation. Alpinia galanga (Java galangal): It is used in laryngeal palsy, bronchitis and bronchial asthma. It is given in rheumatism, loss of appetite, polyuria and impotency. Alstonia constricta (Australian's fever bark): It is given in malaria. Althoea officinalis: It is useful in urinary and respiatory tract infection. Ammannia baccifera (Blistering ammannia): The plant is rich source of vitamin C. It is used in ringworm and skin diseases. The plant is considered to be beneficial in typhoid and tuberculosis. Ammi majus (Greater ammi): It is used in psoriasis and leucoderma. Ammi visnaga (Lesser ammi): It is given in angina pectoris. Amomum subulatum (Greater cardamom): It is used in pruritis, cough and loss of appetite. Anacylcus pyrethrum (Pellitory): It is used in the treatment of heart ailments, tremors, nervous debility, productive cough, premature ejaculation and impotency. It is gastro-intestinal irritant. Anagallis arvensis (Pimpernel): It is given in skin diseases. Anamitra paniculata (Indian berry): Fruit is given in chronic paralysis. Anemone pulsatilla (Wind flower): It is used in amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and leucorrhoea. Anethum sowa (Dill): It is used in the treatment of abdominal pain and indigestion. Angelica archangelica (Angelica): It is given in indigestion, fever, colds, cough, and rheumatism. Angelica glauca: It is used in the treatment of treatment of asthma, mental disease and rhinitis. Angelica sinensis (Chinese angelica): It is found in China. It is beneficial in dysmenorrhea, menopausal symptoms and premenstrual syndrome. Anthriscus cerefolium (Chervil): It is given in leucoderma. Anticharis glandulosus: It is used in diabetes. Antirrhinum majus (Snapdragon): Powdered plant is useful in nasal bleeding. Apium graveolens (Celery): It is used in loss of appetite and amenorrhea. Apocynum cannabinum (Canadian hemp): It is native of America. It is given in constipation and fevers. Aquilaria agallocha (Eagle wood): It is used in the treatment of gout, skin disorders, dyspepsia and nocturnal enuresis. Arctium lappa (Burdock): It is one of the best alterative (blood purifier) medicinal herbs available with us. It tones the digestive system. It is used for skin problems such as boils, acne, psoriasis and scabies. Arctostaphylos uva ursi (Bear berry): It is found in Asia and Europe. It is given in cystitis, dysuria and kidney stones. The medicinal utility is due to presence of arbutin. Argimonia eupatorium (Argimony): Infusion of the herb is given in dyspepsia and scurvy. Arnebia benthami: Roots are pounded and applied to swellings. Arnebia euchroma: The plant is useful in cuts, wounds and earache. Arnebia hispidissima: The whole plant is used for the treatment of tongue and throat ailments in Indian traditional medicine. Arnica montana: The plant is widely used in Medical Herbalism and homeopathy. The main preparations include arnica extracts, ointments and compresses. It is particularly useful in inflammation and pain from bruises, sprains, tendons, dislocations and swollen areas. Arnica acts by improving blood supply to the local areas and thus hastens healing. As it is potentially toxic plant, it should be taken under professional care. Artanema seasamoides: It is common herb. Seeds are use as aphrodisiac. Decoction of the roots is given in diarrhoea, rheumatism and venereal diseases. Artemisia annua (Sweet wormwood): It is native to China. Infusion is used in malaria. It is source of drug artemisinin, which is effective in chloroquinine resistant malaria. Artemisia brevifolia: It is useful in indigestion, asthma and round worm infestation. Artemisia cina: It is valuable remedy for treating worm infestation. Artemisia drancuculus (Tarragon): This plant is considered to be native of Southern Europe or Asia. It is widely used as an herb in cooking. It is helpful in improving digestion, amenorrhea and inducing sleep. The root is beneficial in treating toothache. Recent work has suggested that tarragon may help in reducing serum cholesterol. Artemisia pallens: The plant is used in Ayurveda for ovarian cancer. Artemisia santonica: It is used in the treatment of round worm infestation. Artemisia vulgaris (Indian Wormwood): It is used in the treatment of skin disorders, asthma, liver ailments, loss of libido, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhoea and general debility. Artocarpus integrifolia (Jack tree): Ripe fruit is used in bleeding diathesis and seminal weakness. Decoction of the bark is given in diarrhoea. Decoction of the root is given in skin diseases. Asclepias currassavica: (Wild cotton): It is found in America, West indies and India. It is useful in worm infestation. Asclepias tuberosa (Butterfly Weed): It is given in bronchitis and asthma. Ascophyllium nodosom (Kelp Norwegian): It is rich source of minerals and vitamins. It is helpful in regulating activity of thyroid gland. It contains over 30 minerals and vitamins. Asparagus ascendens: It is given in general debility. Aspidium (Dryopteris) filix mas (Common fern): It is used in worm infestation particularly tapeworm. It should be consumed within prescribed dose as it irritates the gastrointestinal tract. Astralagus gummifer (Tragacanth): Gum obtained from the plant is given in diarrhoea. Atropa acuminta (Indian belladonna): It is used in bronchial asthma and urinary bladder ailments. Azima tertacantha (Mistletoe berry thorn): Stem bark is given in bronchitis, fever and diarrhoea. Root bark is used in rheumatism. Azolla pinnate: It is fern. It is rich source of proteins. It is given in general debility. Balanites aegyptiaca: It is useful constitation, worm infestation and chronic cough. Baliospermum montanum: It is used in the treatment of constipation and skin diseases. Bambusa arundinacea (Bamboo manna): It is given in diarrhoea, vomiting and polydipsia, bleeding diathesis, bronchitis, dysmenorrhea, chronic fevers and dysuria. Paste of the roots is allied in skin diseases. Fruit is given in obesity. Decoction of the root is given in rabies. It is ingredient of Sitopladi churana. Baptista tinctoria (Wild indigo): It is found in United States. Whole plant is given in amenorrhea and constipation. Barosma betulina (Buchu): It is native to South Africa. It is valuable remedy for nephritis and renal calculus. Barringtonia racemna: Medicinal use of this plant is similar to Barringtonia acutangula. Basella alba (Indian spinach): The plant is raised as pot-herb. It is rich source of amino acids. Leaves are used in diuretic. Bauhinia variegata (Camel foot tree): It is used in the treatment of goiter and lymphangitis. Benincasa hispida (Pepo): It is used in the treatment of general debility, urinary diseases and loss of memory. The seed devoid of outer coating is given in worm infestation. Berberis aquifolium (American barberry): It is useful in psoriasis. Berberis lycium: Roots of the plant are used as remedy for conjuctivitis, broken wounds, gonorrhea, hemorrhoids, indolent skin ulcers, fever and jaundice. Bergenia ligulata: It is used in the treatment of renal calculus, leucorrhoea and opium poisoning. Betula utilis (Jacquemon tree): It is used in the treatment of hysteria, mania, convulsions, diarrhoea, dysentery, obesity and bleeding diathesis. Blepharis edulis: It is used in the treatment of seminal debility, impotency, and dysuria. Blumea lacera: Expressed juice is used for nasal administration in common cold and headache. It is used in hemorrhoids, fevers, liver disorders and bleeding diathesis. Boldoa fragrans or Peumus boldus (Boldo): Boldo is native to Chilean Andes. It stimulates the flow of bile and gastric juice. It stimulates liver and gall bladder also. It is useful in sluggish liver, loss of appetite, jaundice and gall stones. Active constituent of boldo, boldine, has shown to hepatoprotective property in animal experiments. Boldo is beneficial in cystitis. The plant however should not be given if there is there is history of biliary colic (pain in the gall bladder region). Botrychium ternatum: It is a fern. Root finds application in the treatment of bloody diarrhoea. Bridelia crenulata: stem bark of the plant is used to induce abortion. Powder is given in diarrhoea. Brucea javanica: Fruit is given in bloody diarrhoea. Buchanania latifolia: Oil obtained from the plant is useful in the treatment of enlarged gland and baldness. Beddleja americana (Hoja blanca): It is native to Central America. It is used in abdominal pain and bacterial infections. Calamintha nuttallii (Calamint): Diaphoretic soothes indigestoin. Leaves smell like pennyroyal, and used as substitute for pennyroyal. Calendula officinalis (Marigold): It is one of the best herbs for treating local skin diseases. Infusions of fresh petals is used in sprains, stings, varicose, veins and other swellings and also soothes burns, sunburns, scalds and dermatitis. Infusion is beneficial in tonsillitis. Calligonum polygonoides: Flower buds of the plant are prescribed in heat stroke. Caltha edulis (Marsh marigold): It is given in chronic bronchitis. Calycopteris floribunda: It is useful in diarrhoea. Canangium odoratum (Ylang-ylang): It is native to Indonesia and the Philippines. The flowers are considered to be aphrodisiac and are helpful in impotency. The essential oil obtained form the flowers is antiseptic. The oil is beneficila in hypertension and tachycardia. Canarium luzonicum: This tree is native to Plilippines. The plant is used in bronchitis and colitis. Canella alba (Wild cinnamon): It is found in West Indies. Bark. It is used in arthritis and leucorrhoea. Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp): It is commonly known as Bhanga. It is used in headcahe, asthma, chornic bronchitis and hysteria. Decoction of leaves is used for rheumatism and piles. Decoction of leaves is applied locally to allay itching in skin diseases. Canscora decussata: It is used in skin diseases. Capsella bursa pastorids (Shepherd's purse): It is a weed. It is beneficial in kidney diseases and diarrhoea. Caralluma adcendens: The plant is used for killing intestinal worms. Carbenia benedicta (Holy thistle): It is used in general debility. Cardiospermum halicacabum (Heart's pea): It is given i constipation and piles. Careya arborea (Wild guava): It is given in indigestion and common cold. Carrisa carandas: It is used in the treatment of skin diseases, fevers, worm infestation and loss of appetite. Carthamus tinctorius (Safflower): The oil expressed from the plant in used in arthritis and rheumatism. Casearia elliptica: Stem bark is given in dropsy. Cassica acutifolia: It is used in the treatment of constipation. Cassia alata (Ringworm plant): Leaves are used in ringworm. Cassia angustifolia (Indian Senna): It is used in the treatment of constipation. Cassia auriculata: Bark is used in premature ejaculation. Caullophyllum thalictroides (Blue Cohosh): This herb is beneficial in regulating the menstrual flow. It is also used for painful menstruation. It is used in in colic, asthma or chronic dry cough. It is also useful in failing lactation. Cedrela tonna (Toon tree): Bark is given in diarrhoea and dysentery. Celtis cinnamone: The bark of the tree mixed with lemon juice is used as ermedy for skin diseases. Cephalotaxus harringtonia: It is native to China. Homoharringtonine derived from the plant is anticancer. It is used in leukemia. Ceratophyllum demersum: It is common algae available with us. Paste of the plant is used in bleeding hemorrhoids. It is used in polydipsia, diarrhoea, fever, bleeding diathesis and burning syndrome. Cerbenia benedicta (Blessed Thistle): Increases the flow of gastric and bile secretions. Improves digestion and circulation and strengthen the heart. It is useful for all liver, lung and kidney problems. Because of its ability to increase circulation it also acts as a brain food and stimulates memory. Ceropegia acuminta: It is given in general debility. Ceropegia juncea: It is useful in treating arthritis and rheumatism. Chelidonium majus: (Tetter wort): It is given in constipation, jaundice and liver disease. The plant is poisonous in higher doses. Chloroxylon swietenia (Sati wood): Bark is given in diarrhoea and dysentery. Chondrus crispus (Irish moss): It is found in Europe and North America. Externally it is used as ointment in skin diseases and internally for cough. Chorzophora rottleri: Seeds of the plant are purgative. Root bark is beneficial in bronchitis. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum (ox eye-daisy): The plant is indicated in whooping cough. Chrysanthemum parthenium (Feverfew): It is used in the treatment of migraine, indigestion, colic and diarrhea. Cimicifuga racemosa (Black cohosh): It is reputed uterine tonic. It is of value in amenorrhoea and dysmenorrhoea. It induces sleep and improves blood circulation. Citrus aurantium (Bitter orange): It is native to tropical Asia. The oil obtained from the plant is rich in falvonoids. These compounds are antiinflammatory and haemostatic. Juice of bitter orange is rich in vitamin C which boosts the immune system. As an infusion, it helps to relieve fever, soothe headaches and lower fever. Orange flower water is used medicinally in tachycardia and lack of sleep. Citrus bergamia (Bergamot): Bergamot oil, expressed from the peel, has antibiotic property. In cosmetics it is used in preventing oily skin, acne, psoriasis and acne. Bergamot oil is also used to relieve tension, relax muscle spasms and improve digestion. Citrus medica (True lemon): It is beneficial in dyspepsia, alcoholism, heart disorders and dysmenorrhea. Clausena anisata: The plant has antibacterial property. Clematis triloba (Black cohosh): It is beneficial in jaundice and enlargement of liver. Clemone viscosa (Dog mustard): It is used in fever and infantile convulsions. Cnidium monnieri (She Chuang Zi): It has been used for thousands of years in China for a variety of skin ailments from acne to eczema and ringworm. It is commonly found in lotions, creams and ointments. It is also used as a reproductive aid. Coldenia procumbens: Poultice prepared form fresh herb is useful for inflamed joints. Colebrookea oppositifolia: Pounded leaves are used for curing skin cuts, abrasions and ulcers. Coleus forskolii: It is native to Europe. It is useful in hypertension. Commiphora myrrha (Myrrh): It is applied as antiseptic application to skin ulcers. Internally it given in given in arthritis and rheumatism, acne and boils. It finds specific use in the treatment of stomatitis, gingivitis, pyorrhea, pharyngitis and sinusitis. Conium maculatum: (Spotted hemlock): It is found in Asia and Europe. It is used in abdominal pain. Connarus monocarpus: It is used for alleviating pain of arthritis and rheumatism. Convallaria majalis (Lilly of the Valley): It is found in Asia and Europe. It is used in cardiac oedema. Convolvulus plauricaulis: It is considered to be famous 'Shankhapushpi' of Ayurveda. It is beneficial in the treatment of loss of memory. Syrup prepared form the plant is given to children for promoting intellect. Copaifera officinalis: It is native to Africa. Oleo-resin obtained from the plant is used in urinary tract infection, chromic bronchitis and ascites. Coptis teeta (Golden Thread root): It is used in the treatment of jaundice and malaria. Corallocarpua epigaeus: Roots of the plant are given in diarrhoea. Crodia dichotama (Sebesten): It is used in the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, bleeding diathesis, dysuria, fevers and skin diseases. The fruit is given with purgatives to reduce gripping. Syrup prepared from fruit is given in chronic dry cough. Cornutia pyramidata: It is found in Dominican Republic. It is given in nervous depression. Corydalis govanina: Whole plant processed in oil is useful in arthritis and rheumatism. Crambe cordifolia: Leaves of the plant are used for relief from itching. Crataugus oxyacantha (Hawthorn): Hawthorn is native of Europe. A1-lied species are found in North Africa and western Asia. Whole plant is used in medicine. Flavonoids present in the plant are considered to be the active constituents. It restores tone of cardiac muscle, improves blood supply to the heart muscles and restoring normal heart beat. Recent research has confirmed the validity of these uses. Cremanthodium discoideum: It is native to Australia. The plant has antibacterial and anticancer properties. Croton oblongefolius: Decoction of the root-bark is given in diarrhoea and dysentery. It is also given in liver ailments and fevers. Cryptocarya wightiana: Poultice of the leaves is used in arthritis and filariaisis. Cryptocoryne spiralis: The plant is given in infantile vomiting. Cryptolepis buchanana: It is used in the treatment of indigestion, asthma, menorrhagia and diarrhoea. Cupressus sempervirens: Oil obtained from the leaves is used for expelling worms. Cyamompis tetragonolobus (Guar gum): It is used in diarrhoea and diabetes. Cyanotis axillaris: The plant is used as a remedy for anasarca and dropsy. Crcas circinalis: It is given in hiccough, flatulence and vomiting. Cyclamen persicum: It is given in cancer. Cyclea peltata: It is used as remedy for fevers. Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon grass): It is native from Sri Lanka and South India but is now widely cultivated. Lemon grass is principally taken as a tea to remedy digestive problems diarrhea and stomach ache. It is applied externally as a poultice to ease pain and arthritis. Cymbopogon martini: Paste of the plant is applied in alopecia and rheumatism. It is given in diarrhoea, dysentery, dyspepsia, failing lactation, common cold, anuria, skin diseases and fevers. The plant yields oil of Palmrosa. Cynara Scolymus (Artichoke): It is helpful for cholesterol reduction. It improves liver function also. Cyperus sempervirens: Oil obtained form the plant is useful application in cuts and hemorrhage. Cypripedium calcealus (American Valerian): Widely used in 19th-century America for nervous headaches, hysteria, insomnia, mental depression. Cystisus scoparius (Broom): It is given in cardiac edema. Dalbergaria tessmanii: It is found in tropical forests of Ecuador. Herbal vendors use it in reducing vaginal bleeding. According to natives form Morona-Santiago the plant is cardiac tonic. Decalepis hamiltonii: Roots of the plant are given in loss of appetite. Decaspermum fruticosum: Leaves are given in diarrhea. Deeris uliginosa (Worm creeper): It is given in arthritis and rheumatism. Delphinium denudatum: It is given in convalescence. Dendrodium crumenative: This orchid is cultivated for flowers. It is used in the treatment of chroea. Dendrobium macraei: It is useful in general debility. Dendrophthoe falcata: is used in the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, convulsions, epilepsy, edema and dysuria. Descurainia sophia: Powdered seeds are given in chronic bronchitis and dysentery. Desmodium adscendens (Hard stick): The plant is used all over the tropics. It is used for back pain, nervousness, failing lactation, arthritis, convulsions and vaginal infections. Dianthus anatolicus: Decoction is given in loss of appetite. Dioscorea bulbifera: It is used in worm infestation, goiter, polyuria and general debility. Diospyros malabarica (Gaub Persimmon): Powdered plant is used as dusting powder in local bleeding. Decoction of the fruit is used for gargles in stomatitis and tonsillitis. Decoction of the bark is given in urticaria and polyuria. Solid extract prepared from the bark is given in bronchitis with relief. It is also given in leucorrhoea and premature ejaculation. Dodonaea viscosa (Hop bush): Dodonea viscosa is found in eastern Australia, Asia, Africa and Central America. Leaves were chewed for toothache. Boiled root or juice of root is applied for headache. Tincture is taken internally for gout, rheumatism and fevers. A poultice of leaves is applied to swellings and rheumatic joints. It is used in wounds, dermatitis and skin ulcers. Doemia extensa: It is given in chronic bronchitis. Dolichandrone spathacea: Seeds mixed with ginger (Zingiber officinale) are given in abdominal pain. Dregea volubilis: It is given in chronic bronchitis. Drimys lanceolata: It is used in loss of appetite. Drosera burmanni: The plant is useful in arthritis and rheumatism. Drosera peltata (Round leaved sundew): Expressed juice of the plant is used in the removal of corns and warts. Ecballium elaterium (Little cucumber): It is given in chronic constipation. It should be avoided in pregnancy. Echolium linnaenum: It is given in gouty arthritis. Echinacea purpurea (Purple Coneflower): It is excellent remedy for common cold. It acts by boosting the immunity. Historically it has been used in cancers, burns and snake biter. Elaedendron glaucum: Bark is given in diarrhoea and dysentery. Elaholtzia cristata: The plant is given in obstructed urination. Enhyrda flucutans: It is given in diarrhoea and dysentery. Ensete superbum: The plant has antiviral property. Epimedium species (Horny goat weed): It is used as aphrodisiac. Equisetum arvense (Horse tail): It is useful in hyperacidity and dyspepsia. Eria pannea: Medicated bath prepared from the leaves is used in chronic fevers. Eriodaena quinquelocularis: Poultice of the roots is sued as antiseptic application to skin ulcers. Eriodendron anafractuosum: (White silk cotton tree): It is given in dyspepsia and dysentery. Erodium cicutarium: It is considered to be uterine sedative. The plant is beneficial in menorrhagia and metrorrhagia. Erodium cicutarium: The plant finds application in bleeding diseases and loss of sleep. Eruca sativa (Rocket salad): Powdered seeds are used for curing infections of the skin.Erycibe paniculata: The plant is given in bloody diarrhoea. Erythirna indica (Indian coral tree): It is given in fever, general debility and diarrhoea. Eucalyptus terelicomis: The plant is useful in the treatment of liver diseases. Eugenia caryophyllata (Clove): It is used in the treatment of cough and abdominal pain. The drug is especially indicated in chronic malabsorption and hyperacidity. It is used in spermatorrhoea and fevers. Oil is applied in toothache and neuralgia. Eulophia campestris: Rhizome is used as tonic. It is given in dry cough and heart aliments. Eulophia platensis: Powdered tubers of the plant ate given in worm infestations. Eunoymus atropurpureus (Indian arrow wood): Root bark is sued in liver disease, chronic constipatoin and pediculosis. Eupatorium ayapana (Ayapana): It is used in the treatment of internal hemorrhoids, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, malaria and haematuria. Eupatorium cannabinum: It is said to be anticancer. Eupatorium odoratum: It is found in Dominican Republic. It is used in skin diseases. Euphorbia hirta (Snake weed): It is given in bronchial asthma. Euphorbia thymifolia: It is given in worm infestation. Eurycoma longifolia: (Tongkat Ali, Malaysian Ginseng): It is native from Malaysia. It has been used in seminal debility, loss of libido, fevers, cancer, malaria and worm infestation. Now days it is esteemed sex tonic for both the sexes. Fagopyurum esculantum (Buckwheat): It is given in capillary hemorrhage. Ficus glomerata (Coutry fig): It i used in the treatment of polyuria, diarrhea, bloody diarrhoea, metrorrhagia and leucorrhoea. Decoction of leaves is used for washing wounds. Milk is given in seminal weakness. Ficus rumphii: Decoction of the bark is useful in obesity. Milky exudate of the plant is given for killing intestinal worms. Fritillaria cirrhosa: plant is found in Himalayas. The dried corms of the plant are used in respiratory tract infections. Fritillaria roylei: It is known as Kshira Kakoli in Ayurveda. It finds application in the treatment of general debility, bleeding diathesis and fever. Fucus vesiculosus (Bladder wrack): It is useful in the treatment of hypothyroidism and goiter. It is useful in rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis. Galanthus nivalis (Snowdrop): Reliev pain, rheumatism, dysentery, stimulate menstrual flow. Galium aparine (Cleavers): Reduces inflammation and tones the lymphatic system. Galium rotundifolium: Decoction of the plant is given in sore throat. Galium verum: Decoction of the whole plant is given in hysteria. Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi Mushroom): It is used primarily as an immune stimulant by patients with HIV or cancer. Garcinia livingstonei: It is found in America. It is being investigated for possible role in HIV. Garcinia mangostana: (Mangostine): Fruit is given in diarrhoea and dysentery. Gaultheria procumbens (winter green): Oil distilled from leaves is rubbed in joint pains. The plant is given in cystitis, dysuria and renal calculus. Gelusmium sempervirens (Wild jasmine): It is native to Northern America. It is good remedy for sciatica, trigeminal neuralgia and insomnia. Gentiana lutea (Gentian): It is native to Europe and Asia Minor. Gentian stimulates appetite and promotes digestion. It decreases gastric inflammation kill intestinal worms, reduces liver and spleen problems and regulates menstruation. Geranium maculatum (Alum root or Wild Geranium): It is given in diarrhoea, dysentery, leucorrhoea, wounds and sore throat. Ginkgo biloba: It is known as living fossil, Scientific research has thrown light on various pharmacological studies of the plant. Clinical trails have shown usefulness of ginkgo in loss of memory and tinnitus. 40 mg of a standardized extract containing 24% Ginkgo flavonglycosides of three times daily is the dose. Gliricidia sepium (Gliricidia): It is found in Philippines. It is used for antiseptic property. Bark and leaves find use in skin diseases. Glycine max (Soyābean): It is rich source of proteins. Isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) obtained from soya are useful in breast cancer and postmenopausal syndrome. Gmelina arborea: It is used in the treatment of arthritis and rheumatism. Gnetum latifolium: Roots of the plant ar given in fevers. Gnetum ula: Oil expressed form seeds kernel is used for massage in rheumatism. Gonolobus condurango: The plant is used in stomach cancer. Gonystylus macrophyllus: Dried bark is burnt and fumes inhaled in bronchial asthma. Grangea maderspatana: Powder of the plant is given in amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea, Grewia tiliefolia: Decoction of the bark is useful in diarrhoea. Griffonia simplicifolia: The plant is found in West Central Africa. It is rich source of serotonin and used in the treatment of depression. Grifola frondosa (Maitake): Derived from the cap and stem of the mushroom. The whole mushroom is used primarily as a dietary elementm but extracts and supplements are sold as immune stimulants for patients with HIV or cancer. Grindelia robusta (Gum plant): It is native to the south-western America and Mexico. It has been used by Native Americans to treat bronchitis and dermatitis. It was officially recognized in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States from 1882 to 1926. It is useful in the treatment of whooping cough, hay fever and inflamed urinary bladder. Guaiacum officinale: It is native to West Indies. Heart wood is given arthritis and rheumatism. Guazuma ulmifolia (Mutamba): It is indigenous to tropical America. It is used for variety of diseases including diarrhea, hemorrhages asthma, fever, kidney problems, and syphilis. They use a bark decoction topically for baldness, leprosy, eczema and enlarged prostate. Bark is used topically for hair loss. Guetturda speciosa: Bark of the stem is given in bloody diarrhoea. Gymnostachyum febrifugum: Roots are given in fever. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Sweet tea vine): It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcer, asthma, bronchitis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Habenaria edgeworthii: It is Vṛddhi of āyurveda. Like Habenaria intermadia, it is used in the treatment of general debility. Habenaria intermedia: It is an orchid. In Ayurveda, it is known as Riddhi. The powder is used in the treatment of seminal debility and paralysis. Haemanthus multiflorus: Extract derived form the bulb of the plant is used in bronchial asthma. Hamamamelis virginiana (Witch Hazel): It is native to eastrn North America. It was a traditional remedy of many native North American peoples. The principal action of the plant is on the venous system. It is used in treatment of bruises, sore muscles, bleeding, hemorrhoids, varicose veins, phlebitis (inflammation of veins) and insect bites. Hamelia patens (Scarlet-bush): It is native to South America. Syrup prepared from the fruit is useful in bloody diarrhoea. Harpagophytum procumbens (Devil's claw): It has native to Australia. It is given in arthritis and rheumatism. Harpullia arborea: Oil expressed from the seeds is massaged in arthritis and rheumatism. Helitropium indicum (Heliotrope): Decoction of the plant is given in fever and urticiaria. Helleborus niger (Hellebore): It is given in cardiac edema and obstinate constipation. Hercaleum candicans: It is useful in leucoderma. Heritiera littoralis: Decoction of the seeds is given in diarrhoea. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rosa): It is useful in bronchitis and urinary tract infection. It shoulb be avoided in pregnancy. Hibiscus vitofolius: The plant has been shown to have pain killing property. Hippophae rhammoides (Sea buck thorn): Preparations based on sea buckthorn oil are use din of burns and bed sores. Internally it is used for the treatment of peptic ulcer. The plant in various forms has been successfully used in reducing hegh cholesterol and triglycerides, high blood lipid symptoms and eye diseases. Houttuynia cordata: Powder leaves are used in bleeding piles and bloody diarrhoea. Hugonia mystax: Poultics prepared from the roots is applied to inflammatory swellings. Humboldtia vahliana: Bark of the stem is useful in leprosy. Humulus lupulus (Lupulus): It is given in insomnia. Hura crepitans (Monkey dinner bell): Bark is considered to be beneficial in leprosy. Hybanthus enneaspermus: Infusion of the leaves is given in diarrhoea and inflammation of small intestine. Hydnophytum fomicarium: Decoction of the tubers is beneficial in liver ailments. Hydrangea arborescens: It is in the treatment of enlarged prostrate glands, urinary stones and cystitis. Hydrangea grandifloria: Leaves ar used in capillary bleeding. Hydrastis canadensis (Jatoba): Rhizomes of the plant ate sued in general debility and worm infestation. Hypericum calycinum (Matted St. John's wort): The plant is found in E. Asia- China, Japan to Australia and New Zealand. It is decocted with water for use. It isused in the treatment of asthma and dysentery, acute hepatitis, pain in the liver region, appendicitis, boils and abscesses and has also been used as a styptic. The plant has also shown antitumour property. Hypericum erectum: Sap from the fresh leaves of this oriental plant is used in cuts and bruises; and that a decoction of the mature dried plant acts as a styptic on wounds; and that a poultice of the crushed leaves and green stem may be applied to dog bites and bee stings. Hypericum hookerianum: In India the plant has been used as woung healing agent. Hypericum japonicum: The plant is native to China. It is used as a vulnerary in treating scrofula, contusions, abscesses, wounds, skin diseases caused by fungus and leech bites. Hypericum mysorense: It is useful in viral infections. Hypericum patalum: The plant has been reported to have woung healing property. Hypricum perforatum (St. John's wort): It grows as weed in America and England. In India the plant ha been reported from Himalayas. In Hindi, It is known as Bassant. The medicinal herb has been used by ancient physicians like Hipprcrates, Dioscorides, Galen, Pliny, Paracelsus, Sebastian, Gerard and Culpeper. Dried flowering tops are used in medicine. The plant has been investigated for its usefulness in the treatment of mild to moderate depression and anxiety neurosis. The efficacy of the plant in treating depression has been compared with synthetic antidepressant like imipramine, fluoxetine, amitryptline and sertraline. Traditional an folk medicine prescribes Hypericum perforatum for variety of aliments. Hypericin derived from the plant has antiviral activity and has been investigated for its possible role in the treatment of Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Oil of hypericum is obtained by steeping flowers of the plant in olive oil. It has anti-inflammatory property and used as wound healing agent. Hyperforin another constituent from the plant has been discussed as possible antidepressant constituent of the plant. Hypericum scabrum: Medicinal use is similar to Hypericum scabroides. Hypoxis aurea: Whole plant is sued in infertility and seminal diseases. Hyptis suaveolens: It is a weed. Whole plant is used in indigestion, common cold and nasal bleeding. Hyptis verticillata: It is given in dyspepsia. Ilicum verum (Star-anise): It is given in gastritis and flatulence. Ipomoea alba: It is useful in constipation. Ipomoea digitata: It is commonly known as vidari. It is given in infertility and constipation. Ipomoea nil: It is popular drug of Ayurveda and commonly known as Kalabeej. Iris versicolor (Blue flag): It is useful in abdominal colic and asthma. Jasminum auriculatum: It is used in the treatment of skin ulcers and worm infestation. Jatropha curcas (Purging nut): The species was originally found in tropical America but has now spread to all parts of the tropical world. Oil from the seeds is sued in rheumatism and toothache. The decoction of leaves is used in gonorrhoea. Roots are indicated in diarrhoea. Jatropha glandulifera: Oil expressed from the seeds is laxative and is given in constipation. Jatropha gossypifolia: The plant is considered to be antibacterial. Jurinea dolomiaea: It is commonly known as dhoops. The aromatic roots are used as incense. Pounded roots are applied in skin diseases. Kallstroemia pubescens: Rhizomes of the plant are rich source of disogenin, parent of steroids Kichxia ramosissima: The plant is sued in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Kigelia pinnata (Ssusage-tree): The tree is found in West Africa. Stem bark is useful in bloody diarrhoea. Krameria triandra (Peruvian Rhatany): It is native to America. It is beneficial in diarrhoea and leucorrhoea. Lagenandra ovata: Ointment prepared from the plant is useful in pruritis. Laggera aurita: The leaves of the plant are used in hemorrhage. Lantana camara (Wild sage): It is an aromatic plant. The leaves are used to relieve itching. Other uses are against flu, colds, coughs, fevers, yellow fever, dysentery and jaundice. The roots are used for gonorrhea. Larrea mexicana (Chaparral): It is found in America. It is cnsidered to be alterative. It has mild laxative effect and beneficial for the gentiourinary system. Work at the Brooks hospital, Boston, has shown that chaparral contains NDGA (nordihydroquaiaretic acid), having antioxidant activity. Research has shown that NDGA prevents the formation of dental cavities. However articles have been published in favor of hepatotoxic potential of chaprral. Lasiosiphon ericephalus: Pounded bark of the stem is applied to indolent skin ulcers. laurus nobilis (Bay laurel): It is native to Mediterranean region and cultivated all over the world. An infusion of the leaves has tonifying action on the stomach and urinary bladder. Plaster made from the leaves is used to relieve wasp and bee stings. It is used in arthritis and muscular pains. Lavandula officinalis (Lavender): Lavender is native to the Mediterranean region and is cultivated in France and Spain. It is beneficial in stress headache and depression. Externally, lavender oil is used as a liniment in rheumatism. Leea macrophylla: The plant is applied locally for treating ringworm. Leonurus cardiaca (Motherwort): It is native to Europe. It is useful in anxiety and hypertension. It is used in depressoin associated with manopause. It is also given in spasmodic dysmenorrhoea and amenorrhoea. Lepidagathis cristata: The plant is beneficial in fevers. Lepidium meyenii (Maca): The plant is a native of the high Peruvian Andes Mountains. It is considered to be immunostimulant and useful in treatment of anemia, seminal debility, infertility, impotence, stomach cancer and tuberculosis. Leptandra virginica (Black root): It is used irr constipation and liver ailments. Ligusticum diffusum: The plant is common weed. It is effective in round worm infestation. Lilium lancifolium (Tiger lily): It is found in China and Korea. They are used to relieve heart diseases, pain in the cardiac region and angina pectoris. The flowers are carminative. They are used to strengthen the eye-lid muscles and are commended in the treatment of myoptic astigmia. A tincture made from the flowering plant, harvested when in full flower, is used in the treatment of uterine neuralgia, congestion, irritation and the nausea of pregnancy. Limnophila indica: Paste of the roots made into poultice is applied in filariasis. Lippia alba: It is useful in common cold. Lippia graveolens: It is used in chronic bronchitis. Lippia nodiflora: Pounded plant is applied to skin diseases. Liriodendron tulipifera: (tulip tree): It is given in loss of appetite Litsea glutinosa: It is used in the treatment of gout, sciatica, rheumatism, diarrhoea and skin diseases. Lobelia inflata (Asthma-weed): It is given in bronchitis, bronchial asthma and habitual constipation. Lonicera periclymenum (Woodbine honeysuckle): It is used in the treatment of chronic bronchitis. Lupinus albus (Horse beans): It is native to Italy. Parts used: Useful in loss of appetite. Lycoperiscum esculentum (Tomato): Lycopene derived from tomato has antioxidant property. It is useful in prostate cancer, cataract and macular degenration. Lycopodium clavatum (Common club moss): It is used in eczema, impotency and urinary tact infections. Lycopodium serrata: This plant has shown promise in Alzheimer's dementia. Huperzine, a chemcial present in the plant is being investigated as antidemetia drug. Lycopus europaeus: Extract of the plant is recommended in hyperthyroidism. Lycopus virginicus (Bugleweed): Treat overactive thyroid glands especially when symptoms include tight chest and nervous palpitations. Lygodium japonicum: Decoction is given in constipation and urinary obstruction. Machilus macrantha (Machilus): Bark of the stem is used in bronchial asthma and joint stiffness. Maclura pomifera: The heartwood of the tree possesses antibiotic property. Macrotomia benthamii: The plant is used in cardiac ailments. Malva sylestris: The flowers and leaves are emollient and good for dry skin. It is applied as a poultice to reduce swelling. Taken internally, the leaves reduce gut irritation and have a laxative effect. It compined well with eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), for treating cough and asthma. Mammea americana (Mammary apple): Paste of the seeds is useful in treating pediculosis (head lice). Mangifera indica (Mango): It is useful in diarrhoea and infection in urine. Manihot esculenta (Cassava): The cassava is native to South America. They young leaves are used as vegetable and contain a high amount of vitamin A and C. The juice can also be concentrated and sweetened until it becomes a dark viscous syrup called kasripo. The syrup has antiseptic properties. Maranta arundinacea (Arrowroot): The plant is distributed in Tropical America. It contains *-carotene and vitamins. Marrubium vulgare (Horse-hound): It is given in indigestion and respiratory infections. Marsdenia tenacissima: It is used in the treatment of fevers, abdominal colic and constipation. Matricaria chamomila or Anthemis nobilis (Blue chamomile): Tea prepared from dried flowers is useful in insomnia, indigestion, diarrhea, gout, headache, common cold and arthritis. Matricaria recutita: It grows wild in Europe and west Asia. Its flowers help to ease indigestion, nervousness, depressions and headaches, being ideal for emotion related problems such as peptic ulcers, colitis, spastic colon and nervous indigestion. Essential oil obtained from the plant has anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and anti-microbial activity. It is an excellent herb for many digestive disorders and for nervous tension and irritability. Externally, it is used for sore skin and eczema. Medicago sativa (Alfaalfa): Alfalfa contains eight essential digestive enzymes and eight essential amino acids of protein. It has been used for a mild blood thinner, and a kidney cleanser. Contains natural fluorides, preventing tooth decay and helps rebuild decaying teeth. Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree): It is native to Australia and is now cultivated extensively. Tea tree and its essential oil, is one of the best antiseptics. It is useful for stings, burns, wounds and skin infections. Above all it is best antifungal. Melaleuca leuadendron (Cajuput): The plant is source of cajuput oil. The oil is antiseptic and rubbed in arthritis and rheumatism. Melaleuca virisiflora (Niaouli): It is useful in fungal and bacterial infections. Oil is said to be aphrodisiac. Melinis minutiflora (Molasses grass): It is used in the treatment of worm infestations. Mellissa officinalis (Lemon balm): It has been cultivated in the Mediterranean region for more than 2,000 years. It calms nervous spasm, colic and heart spasms. The hot tea promotes sweat that that is good for colds, flus and fevers. It is useful in the treatment of eczema. Mentha pulegium (Pennyroyal): The name of the plant is based on its ability to drive away fleas. It is useful in headache, pneumonia and bronchitis. Menyanthes trifoliata (Buckbean): It is useful in worm infestation, fevers and constipation. Merremia gangetica: Whole plant is given in skin diseases and migraine. Mitragyna rotundifolia: The plant yields a drug having antihypertensive property. Monotrapa uniflora (Indian pipe): Roots are indicated in insomnia. Morinda citrifolia (Noni): It is used in the treatment of diarrhoea and general debility. Murraya exotica (Honey bush): It is beneficial in the treatment of dyspepsia. Murraya koenigii (Curry leaf tree): It is used in the treatment of diarrhoea and indigestion. Leaves are used in diabetes. Musseanda frondosa (White lady): Syrup prepared from flowers is used in bronchitis. Myroxylon balsamum (Peru balsam): The medicinal product is a balsam. It is important ingredient of tinture of benzoin. It is also used in ointment as an antiseptic, in cough syrups as an expectorant, as an inhalant for catarrh and bronchitis and is said to have bactericidal, pectoral, tonic and vulnerary properties. It is also used to treat skin complaints haemorrhoids and bedsores. Naregamia alata: It is given in rheumatism and chronic bronchitis. Nasturtium officinalis (Water cress): It is cultivated all over the world. Leaves are applied as cataplasm on the joints in arthritis and rheumatism. Nelumbo nucifera (Sacred lotus): It is sued as cooling drink in fevers. Nepeta cataria (Catnip): Catnip promotes sweating and is beneficial for colds, flues and fevers. It is soothing to the nervous system and calming to the stomach. Used to cleanse and heal the lower bowel. Neuracanthus sphaerostachys: The roots of the plant are given in ringworm. Nicotiana tabacum (Virginia tobacco): It is a rapid poison. Nigella sativa (Small fennel flower): It is given in chronic gastritis and flatulence. Nymphaea stellata (Indian blue water lily): It is given as cooling drink in fevers. Nymphoides indicum: The plant is given in jaundice. Ochcarpus longifolius (Cobra saffron): It is given in loss of appetite. Ochrosia elliptica: Bark is useful in malaria. Ocimum bascilium: (Sweet basil): It is used in the treatment of bronchitis. Ocimum gratissimum (Shrubby Basil): It is used in the treatment of gastrirtis and bronchitis. Ocimum kilimandscharicum: It is commonly known as Karpur tulsi. It is used in digestive system ailments. Ocotea glaziovii: It is native to America. It is used in depression. Odina woider (Goat's horn): Stem bark used as gargles in mouth ulcers. Oenothera biennis (Evening primrose oil): Oil derived from the plant is used in medicine. Evening primrose oil is used for rheumatoid arthritis, premenstrual syndrome, mastalgia, eczema, fatigue and diabetic neuropathy. It is should not be taken during pregnancy. Oidenlandia diffusa: It is native to China. It has immunomodulator property. Olax Scandens: The plant is used in diabetes mellitus. Olea europea: It is given in chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer. Onopordon acanthium (Scotch thistle): It is useful in cancer. Onosma bracteatum: It is used in the treatment of upper respiratory catarrh, bronchitis and general debility. Orchis retusa: It is emollient and used as soothing application to dry skin. Origanum majorana (Sweet marjoram): It resembles with Origanum vulgare in its medicinal property. Origanum vulgare (Wild origanum): It is native from Asia and cultivated in several parts of the world. Majoram tea promotes digestion, increase sweating and regulates menstruation. As a steam inhalant, marjoram clears the sinuses and helps relieve laryngitis. It is used in the treatment of coughs, tonsillitis, bronchitis and asthma. The diluted oil is applied in toothache and inflamed joints. Osmanthus fragrans: The plant is used in skin disease and kidney stones. Osmunda regalis (Royal fern): It is given in general debility. Otostegia limbata: Juice of the leaves is given in eye aliments. Oxalis sensitiva: It is beneficial in loss of appetite and liver diseases. Paeonia emodi: (Himalayan peoni): Powdered tubers are given in hysteria, epilepsy and convulsions. Panax ginseng (Chinese Ginseng): Ginseing is the most famous Chinese herb of all. It is native to north-eastern China, eastern Russia and Korea. Ginseng increases mental and physical efficiency and resistance to stress and disease. Panax quinquefolium (American Ginseng): It is a powerful adaptogen or antistress drug. It is used to lower blood pressure, increase endurance, aid in relieving depression, and is a sexual stimulant. The dried root is used in medicine. Parnassia palustris: It is given in nervous depression. Parsonia helicendra: Expressed juice is given in insanity. Parthenium hysterphorus (Congress grass): It grows wild all over India. It is given in diarrhoea and fevers. Passiflora incarnata (Passion flower): It is natural from the North America. The herb is well known for sedative and tranquilizing properties. The leaves are used in the treatment of heart palpitations, anxiety neurosis, epilepsy, whooping cough, convulsions and hypertension. Pavonia odorata: It is given in dyspepsia, gout and rheumatism. Pedicularis pectinata: Whole plant is given in haemoptysis. Pergularia pallida: The plant is said to be useful in leukemia. Pericampylus aphylla: Bark of the plant is given in constipation. Perilla frutescens (Common perilla): It is cultivated in Europe, Asia and North Americ. It has antimicrobial, anti cancer and antioxidant properties. Perovskia atriplicifolia: It is given as cooling aid in fevers. Petiveria alliacea (Anamu): It is found in Central America and Africa. It is used in rheumatism and lack of sleep. Petiveria alliacea: It is native to America. It is beneficial in whooping cough. Petroselinum sativum (Common parsley): It is found in Europe. It is given in fevers and constipation. Dose: Powder (3-6G). Pfaffia paniculata (Suma): It helps fight the virus responsible forEpstein-Barr disease. Research in Japan has thrown light on anticancer activity of Suma. It has shown to restore normal shape of sickle cells in sickle celled anemia. Phaseolus trilobus: Decoction of the plant is useful in diarrhoea, piles and fevers. Phlogacanthus jenkinsii: It is useful in the treatment of enlarged liver and spleen. Physalis alkekenji (Winter cherry): It is grown as ornamental plant. Leaves are used in gout. Root is prescribed in diarrhoea. Physalis minima: It is common weed. It is given in general debility. Physochlaina praelata: The leaves ar applied to furuncles. Phytolacca americana (Poke root): It is useful in arthritis and rheumatism. The plant is being investigated form it possible role in viral infections. Pimpinella anisum (Anise): It is used in abdominal pain and indigestion. Piper methysticum (Kava kava): It is given inanxiety neurosis. Pistacia lentiscus (Mastic): It is gum of the plant. It is beneficial for foul smell in mouth and malabsorption. Pittosporum floribundum: It is given in fever and chronic bronchitis. Plantago major (Plantain): Leaves are applied to bruise and given in fever. Seeds are used in dysentery and constipation. It has been used in dermatitis, malignant ulcers and intermittent fever. Seeds are also used in gonorhea. Pletrnathus mollis: The plant is given in fevers and arthritis. Pogostemon patchouli: It is native to Malaysia and the Philippines. Patchouli is used as in seminal debility and depression. It is also employed for headches and fever. Essential oil is used in eczema, acne vulgaris, varicose veins and hemorrhoids. Polcarpaea corymbosa: Poultice is used in furunculosis. Polycarpon prostratum: Infusion of the leaves is used in measles. Polygala senega (Senega): It is found in America. It is given in chronic bronchitis and dropsy. Polygonatum multiflorum (Solomon's seal): Rhizome is given in hemorrhoids and cancer. Polygonatum verticillatum: In Ayurveda, the name of the plant is Maha meda. It is considered to be aphrodisiac. Polygonum aviculare (Knott grass): Decoction of the plant is used in diarrhoea dysentery, menorrhagia and internal hemorrhoids. Polygonum cuspidatum: It is native to China. It has immunomodulator property. Polygonum multiflorum (Fo-Ti): It is useful in diseases of kidneys, liver, and blood. It is considered to be a rejuvenating tonic to increase energy, increase fertility and to maintain strength and vigor in the elderly. It is also used in dyspepsia and seminal debility. Above all it is Above all it is esteemed tonic. Pongamia glabra (Indian beech): It is used in skin diseases like pediculosis and scabies. Powdered seeds are given in whooping cough. Portulaca oleracea (Common purslane): The plant is used in heart and kidney aliments. Portulaca quadrifida: Its medicinal use is similar to Portulaca oleracea. Potentilla fulgens: It is commonly known as Vajradanti. Root is beneficial in dental diseases. Prangos pabularia (Silphium parsley): It is given in indegestion. Premna intergrifolia: It is used in the treatment of loss of appetite, general debility and rheumatism. Decoction of roots is given in urinary tact infection. Prinsepia utilis: Oil obtained from seed kernel is used as application in arthritis and rheumatism. Psammogeton canescens: It is given in loss of appetite. Pulmonaria officinalis (Lungwort): Coughs, pulmonary problems. Quercus infectoria (Gall-oak): It is used in hemorrhage, hyperhidrosis, diarrhoea, internal hemorrhoids, polyuria and pyuria. Quillaja saponaria (Quillaia bark): Syrup of bark is used in chronic bronchitis and dropsy. Rauwolfia canescens L. syn R. tetraphylla: It is used in the treatment of hypertensoin and insanity. Rauwolfia vomitoria: The plant is found in Africa. As the name suggests, it is a powerful emetic. Chopped leaves mixed with animal fat are applied to indolent swellings. Reseda luteola (Dyer's rocket): It is native to Western Europe. It is given in worm infestation. Rhamnus frangula (Buckthrorn): It is safe and effective laxative. Rhinocanthus nasuta: It is given in psoriasis, cancer, tinea capitis and dermatitis. Rhodiola rosea (Rhodiola): It is a plant used in traditional medicine in Eastern Europe and Asia to enhance physical and mental performance, stimulate the nervous system, fight depression, and to improve sleeps. Rhododendron arboreum (Rose-tree): Bark is given in diarrhoea and dysentery. Rhododendron campanulatum: Leaves are used in sciatica. Rhus coriaria: (Blue leaved Sumach): It is useful in diabetes mellitus and diarrhoea. Rhus parviflora (Sumac): It is beneficial in fevers. Rhus toxicodendron (Poison): It is found in America and Canada. Leaves are used in pemphigus, chronic eczema and rheumatism. Rivea corymbosa (Snake plant): The seeds of the plant is said to be narcotic. Rivea hypocrateriformis: The plant is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery. Rorippa indica: It is native to America. It is source of a drug having cough suppressant property. Rosa rugosa: The fruit is rich source of vitamins and minerals, especially in vitamins A, C and E and flavonoids. The leaves are used in the treatment of fevers. The flowers are helpful in sluggish liver and circulation. They are used internally in the treatment of poor appetite and digestion, and menstrual complaints arising from constrained liver energy. The root is used in the treatment of coughs. It is being investigated for its possible anticancer activity. Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary): Astringent, stimulant, tonic, increase perspiation and headache. Rubus canadensis (Blackberry): Bark is given in diarrhoea. Ruellia tuberosum (Fever-root): It is used in arthritis, rheumatism and worm infestation. Rungia pectinata: Expressed juice of the plant is given in small pox. Ruscus aculeatus (Butcher's broom): It is useful in arthritis. Saccharum spontaneum (Thatch-grass): It is used in polydipsia, bleeding diathesis, erysipelas, failing lactation, seminal debility, dysuria, eye diseases and burning syndrome. Saliacia chinensis: It is used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, hyperhidrosis and carbuncle. Salix tetrasperma (Goat's sallow): It is given in arthritis, rheumatism and fevers. Salvia moorcroftiana: Seeds are given in piles and bloody diarrhoea. Infusion of the roots is given in upper respiratory catarrh. Salvia officinalis (Blood veined sage): It is given in flatulence and indigestion. Salvia sclarea (Clary sage): It is useful in flatulence and indigestion, spasmodic dysmenorrhoea and premenstrual syndrome. Samadera indica (Niepa bark): Stem bark is given in fever. Sambucus nigra (Elderbeery): It is given in diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Externally it is used as ointment in eczema. Sanguinaria canadensis (Blood root): It is given in common cold, bronchitis and amenorrhea. Sansevieria roxburghiana (Indian bowstring hemp): It is used in constipation, tuberculosis, fevers and general debility. Schefflera capitata: The plant is said to have spermicidal property. Schizandra chinensis: It is beneficial in hepatitis. Schizandra grandiflora: Leaves are used in jaundice and liver diseases. Schleichera oleosa (Ceylon oak): Decoction of the bark of the tree is useful in leucorrhoea. Oil obtained from the tree is rubbed in arthritis and low backache. Scirpus grossus: It is used in vomiting, diarrhea, cholera and seminal debility. Flower is given in jaundice. Scoparia dulcis (Sweet broom weed): It is common in waste places. Leaves are antidiabetic. Roots are given in fevers. Infusion is beneficial in kidney diseases. Sedum acre (Small house leek): It is found in America and Europe. It is used in the removal of corns and warts. Sedum sementosum: It is used in Chinese medicine and is beneficial in hepatitis. Senecio cineraria: The plant is used in corneal opacity. Serenoa repens (Saw palmetto): Saw palmetto is a low shrubby palm native to the southern regions of North America. Today, standardized lipophilic extracts of Saw palmetto are widely used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The clinical efficacy and good tolerability of a standardized Saw palmetto extract in management of symptoms of BPH have been demonstrated in numerous clinical studies. A standardized extract for the treatment of enlarged prostate gland is abailable in the market. Sesbania aegyptiaca: It is used in the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery. Expressed juice is given for killing intestine worms. Vegetable prepared from the plant is beneficial in patients suffering from common cold. Root is given with milk in leucoderma. Seeds are beneficial in enlarged spleen. Jayavati is Ayurvedic formulation indicated in malaria. Siegesbeckia orientalis: Syrup is given in arthritis and rheumatism. Silene saxifraga: It is used din the treatment of kidney stones. Silybum marianum (Milk thistle): It is native to the Mediterranean and has been is use as a remedy for liver problems for hundreds, if not thousands, of years. It is used in a whole range of liver and bladder conditions including hepatitis and cirrhosis. Recent research has shown that the herb has significant protectective effect on the liver against alcoholic and other types of poisons. A standardized extract containing 70 per cent silymarin is available in market. Simarouba glauca (Paradise tree): It is found in America and Africa. The leaves and bark are used in medicine. It is used in fevers, malaria, dysentery, intestinal parasites, indigestion, and anemia. Smilax china (China root): It is given in skin diseases. Smithia sesntiva: The plant is beneficial in kidney stones. Sulanum dulcamra (Scarlet berry): It is used in acne vulgaris, dermatitis, psoriasis, arthritis and rheumatism. Solanum khasianum: The plant is useful in epilepsy. Solanum laciniatum: It is useful in treatment of infertility. Solanum oleraceum (Carolina horsenettle): It is native to Europe. It is used in the treatment of mouth ulcers and liver aliments. Solanum torvum: The plant is beneficial in piles. Solanum trilobatum: In Siddha system of medicine, the plant is valuable remedy for bronchial asthma. Solinum vaginatum: It is given in depression. Soymida febrifuga (Indian red wood): The bark of the plant is prescribed in diarrhoea and dysentery. Powder of the bark is given in fractures. Sphaeranthus africans (Compositae): In Ayurveda, the plant is known as Mahamumdi. The plant is useful in the treatment of loss of memory. Spilanthes calva: It is useful in kidney stone, psoriasis and scabies. Spirulina platensis: Spirulina is a blue green alga growing in fresh water. Spirulina is widely prescribed in anemia. It has curative effect on inflammatory disease of liver ad pancreas. Chemically it contains Vitamins A, C, E and B-complex, *-carotene and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Stellaria media (Chickweed): Good for itchy skin, soothes a rash (ointment) Stemona tuberosa: It is beneficial in tuberculosis. Sterculia acuminata: (Kola nut): It is native to Africa. It is useful in nervous depression. Sterculia urens: It is given in diarrhoea. Stereospermum suaveolens: It is used in the treatment of bronchial asthma, rheumatism and indigestion. Striga gesnerioides: The plant is useful in diabetes. Strophanthus kombe: It is given in cardiac oedema. Swertia petiolata: Medicinally it is used for opthalmatic diseases. Symphytum officinale (Comfrey): Leaves and roots are used topically to treat wounds, arthritis, sprains, and broken bones. Allantoin is considered to be the active principle. Alllantoin increases the healing of wounds. Externally it is used for rashes, wounds, and inflammation and skin problems. internally, comfrey is use din peptic ulcers and colitis. Tabebuia impetiginosa (Pau D' Arco): It has been used as a panacea in South America for centuries. Research has shown that it contains antibacterial and antiviral agents. It is used for AIDS, allergies, anemia, asthma, arthritis, arteriosclerosis, as a blood builder, bronchitis, all types of cancer, candidiasis, colitis, cystitis, smoker's cough, diabetes, eczema, paralysis of the eyelids, fistulas, gastritis, gonorrhea, hemorrhages, hernias, Hodgkin's' disease, liver disease, leukemia, lupus, malaria, multiple sclerosis, nephritis, osteomyclitis, pain, Parkinson's' disease, polyps, prostatitis, psoriasis, pyorrhea, rheumatism, ringworm, skin cancer; skin sores, spleen infections, snake bites, ulcers including varicose ulcers, varicose veins, warts and wounds. Tanacetum vulgare (Tansy): The plant is native to Europe. It is used in worm infestation, common colds sprains. Taraxacum mongolicum: It is used for its antibacterial activity. Taraxacum platycarpum: It is native to China. It is immunomodulator. Taxus baccata (Common yew): It is famous Tālispatra of āyurveda. Leaves are used in bronchitis, bronchial asthma, hiccough, epilepsy, and indigestion. In large doses it is poison. Tāliśādi cūrṇa is āyurvedic formulation used in cough and other respiratory system aliments. In large doses it is poison. Taxus brevifolia (Pacific yew): The plant yields taxols used in the treatment of ovarian and breast cancer. Tecoma undulata: It is a small tree growing in Punjab, Himalayas and South India. In Ayurveda it is considered specific for treatment of enlarged spleen, hence the name plīhaghana (plīhā=spleen). It is also prescribed in liver diseases. Teramnus labialis: Decoction of the root is beneficial in piles and diarrhoea. Tertameles nudiflora: Stem bark is given in arthritis and jaundice. Teucrium chamaedrys (Germander): It is given in wounds and respiratory ailments. Thalictrum folisoum (Meadow Rue): It is given in jaundice and enlargement of liver. Theja occidentalis-arbor vitae: (Tree of life): The plant infusion or tincture is used in warts with benefit. Internally it is given in dropsy. Thunbergia grandiflora: Leaves are used in loss of appetite. Thymus vulgaris (Wild thyme): It is given in indigestion and abdominal colic. Toddalia asiatica: Root bark is given in general debility. Torenia asiatica: Expressed juice of the leaves is given in gonorrhea. Torenia polygonoides: Poultice of the leaves is used in skin ulcers and ascites. Torenia travancorica: It is given in urinary tract infections. Trichdesma zeylanicum: Medicinal use of the plant is similar to trichodesma indicum. It is rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Trichodesma indicum: Root of the plant is useful in diarrhoea. Whol plant is given in urinary obstruction. Turnera diffusa (Damiana): Native from the Gulf of Mexico, damiana has an ancient reputation as an aphrodisiac and is an excellent remedy for the nervous system acting as a stimulant and tonic in cases of mild depression. Tussilago farfara (Colt's foot): It is used in common cold and bronchitis. Tylophora asthmatica: It is given in chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Studies have shown significant antiasthmatif property. Tylophora fasisculata: Roots are used in constipation. Ulmus fulva (Indian elm): It is given in chronic bronchitis and diarrhoea. Uraria rufescens: Decoction of the plant is given in fevers. Urginea indica: It is useful in cardiac edema. Uvaria narum: Root bark is beneficial in malabsorption. Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry): It is useful in eye strain and allergic conjunctvitis. It is useful in high blood pressure. Vallisneria spiralis: The plant is used in loss of appetite. Vanda sapthulata: Powdered flowers are given in bronchial asthma and insanity. Verbascum thapsus (Common mullein): It is given in skin diseases, cough, diarrhoea and dysentery. Verbena hastata (Blue Verain): It is useful in fevers, common cold, menopausal hot flashes, migraine, dysentry and tonsillitis. It should be avoided during pregnancy. Vernonia antehelmintica: It is used in the treatment of psoriasis, leucoderma, fever and worm infestation. Four parts of the drug mixed with one part of haritala and cow urine is used for application in leucoderma. It is indicated in round worm infestation. One gram of the drug mixed with one gram of black seasum is given with hot water in skin diseases. Vinca rosea (Catharanthus roseus): It is commonly known as Sadabahar as it flowers throughout the year. As it which originates in the tropical forests of Madagascar, hence it is known as Madagacar periwinkle. In folk medicine it is used in diarrhoea, fever, menstrual disorders, heart ailments and insomnia. It is reputed remedy for treatment of diabetes mellitus. Above all the plant is source of alkaloids (vincristine and vinblastine) use for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease and leukemia. Viscum album (Mistletoe): Native to Europe and northern Asian, mistletoe is chiefly used to lower blood pressure and hearth rate, ease anxiety and promote sleep. In low doses it also relieve panic attacks, headaches, and improves the ability to concentrate. Mistletoe is also prescribed for tinnitus and epilepsy. It may be used to treat hyperactivity in children. Mistletoe contains viscotoxins that inhibits tumors and stimulate the immune system. For this reason, research has been carried out on its potential use as a cancer treating plant. Vitex agnus castus (Chasteberry): It is considered to be a hormone balancer. It normalizes progesterone function. It is useful in dysmenorrhoea and postmenstrual syndrome. Vitex negundo: (Five-leaved chaste): It is used in the treatment of arthritis and rheumatism. Nirgundi Taila is applied on inflamed joints. Vitex trifolia: The plant is useful in cancer and tuberculosis. Wagatea spicata: Roots are given in pneumonia. Wahlenbergia marginata: It is native to South Africa. Used in skin diseases. Walsura piscidia (Emetic nut): It is useful in head lice (Pediculosis). Wendlandia exserta: The plant is used in the treatment of snake bite. Withania coagulans (Indian cheese maker): It is useful in skin diseases. Xanthium sturmarium (Coclkebur): It is beneficial in malaria. Yucca gloriosa: It is given in arthritis and rheumatism. Zanonia indica: Fruit is beneficial in bronchitis and asthma. Zantedeschia aethiopica (Arum Lilly): It is native to South Africa. Poultice of the leaves is useful in burns and scalds. Zizyphus sativa: It is useful given in leucorrhoea and diarrhoea. Syrup prepared from dried fruit is given in cough of chronic origins. Zizyphus vulgaris (Jujube): It is useful in habitual constipation. CHAPTER 5 Drugs of Animal Origin Kastūrī Introduction: Musk is obtained fron male kasturi dear (Moschus moschiferous). The place in vicinity to navel the deer contains a pouch having an outlet. The pouch contains a substance having black colour and sharp smell. It is referred to as musk. It is used in perfume as a scent and fixative. Musk like substances is also obtained from the muskrat and the civet. Synonyms: Kastūrī (Hindi), Kastūrī, Kastūrikā, Mṛganābhi, Mṛgamada, Sahasrabhit, Vedamukhya (Sanskrit) and Musk (English). Chemical composition: The chief constituent that gives musk its odor is the organic compound muscone. It is yellow semi-solid and soluble in alcohol. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacicies Vāta and Kapha. Karma (Action): Decoction, appetizer, carminative, cardiac tonic, brochodilator, nervine tonic, aphrodisiac, antipyretic and antidote to various poisons. Therapeutics: Externally musk is used in hyperhidrosis. Internally it is given in aphagia, vomiting, heart ailments, edema, bronchitis, asthma, loss of memory, seminal debility and fevers. Dose: 60-120mg. Formulation based on Kastūrī: Kastūrībhairava rasa. Gorocana Introduction: It is purified gall of the cattle like ox or cow. It is yellowish-green in colour and soluble in water and alcohol. The liver performs number of important functions, including Bile production and excretion, excretion of bilirubin (bile pigment), cholesterol (a form of fat), hormones, and drugs. metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, enzyme activation, storage of glycogen (stored form of glucose), vitamins, and minerals, synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulin, and clotting factors and blood detoxification and purification. Some functions are not affected by any medicinal preparation to be much of therapeutic value. Hepato-biliary drugs are used for increasing biliary secretions. These groups of drugs are also known as cholagouges which are believed to increase the secretion on bile. Precisely speaking, cholagouges help in better emptying out of the biliary tract rather then increasing bile formation and emptying. The main function of bile is stimulation of normal bile flow (also known as choleresis). For achieving this affect, drugs derived from plant source are frequently used and are popularly known as choleretics. Note: Cholagouges hasten the gall-bladder emptying whereas choleretics act specifically on liver. Bile is hurried down before it finds time to be altered in the gut. This is affected by group of drugs known as cholagouge purgatives. Synonyms: Golochana (Hindi), Gaurī, Gopitta-sambhava, Māṅgalya gautamī, Medhya, Piṅgala, Rocanā, Ruci, Vandhya (Sanskrit) and Cow's bile, Gall stone (English). Rasa (Taste): Tikta (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Karma (Action): Anti-inflammatory (external), appetizer, purgative, anti-inflammatory (internal), mucolytic, nootropic, diuretic and emmenagouge. Therapeutics: Externally musk is in the treatment of vitiligo and eye ailments. Internally it is given in aphagia, liver-ailments, constipation, edema, epilepsy, dysuria, infantile weakness and throid gland diseases. Dose: 125-250mg. Ox gall In B.P., it is known as Extract Fellis Bovini. It is purified ox bile. Action: Bile increases the activity of the pancreatic lipolytic ferment activity and aids the absorption of the fats. It has mild laxative action due to irritant action of the bile acids on the mucus membrane of the colon. Most of the bile is absorbed from the intestine and re-excreted by the liver. The resultant output is so great that ox gall acts as true cholagouge. Bile salts when injected into the blood have depressant action on the central nervous system, myocardium and hemolytic action. Therapeutics: 1. Bile is used to aid the absorption of the fats in biliary fistula. 2. Bile is used in later stage of catarrhal jaundice. 3. In some cases, migraine is thought to be associated with deranged liver function. Cholic acid when subjected to oxidation, results in formation of dehydrocholic acid. It increases the total biliary volume and is an effective choleretic. The bile slats preparations are used to facilitate drainage of the bile duct contents and is prescribed in cholangitis and cholecystitis. The salts increased the bile flow and drain the infected bile . 4. Bile with other purgatives is given in jaundice. Dose: 1-3G. Agnijāra Introduction: It is wax like substance originating as a morbid concretion in the intestine of the sperm whale. Lighter than water, it is found floating on tropical seas or cast up on the shore in yellow, gray, black, or variegated masses, usually a few ounces in weight, though pieces weighing several hundred pounds have been found. Ambergris has been greatly valued from earliest times. With passage of time, the foul smell vanishes. When completely dry, it develops musk like odour. It swims in water but does not dissolve. When put on flame it burns with foul smell. Habitat: Seas of India and Sri Lanka. Synonyms: Amber (Hindi), Agnigarbha, Agnija, Agnijavala, Agniniryāsa, Samudrajarāyu, Sindukāla, Sindhuplava, Tunḍamaya (Sanskrit) and Ambergris (English). Chemistry: Active principle is ambrein (C H OH), a crystalline alcohol. Amber is soluble in chloroform, oleic acid and ether. It is insoluble in alcohol. Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Ushna (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and kapha. Karma (Action): Appetizer, digestive, carminative, cardiac tonic, anticonvulsant, aphrodisiac and tonic. Therapeutics: Amber is given in spastic colon, paralysis, tetanus, facial palsy, obesity, epilepsy and seminal weakness. Dose: 125-250mg. Vehicle: Honey or buttermilk or ghee. Formulations based on Angijāra: Cintāmaṇi rasa, Dhātrī rasāyana, Jaharamohrā vaṭī, Ratanaśvera rasa, Vadvanāla rasa and Yakuyī. Pūti Introduction: In āyurveda, pūtikhattasi is semen of Gandhamarjara (civet cat). Civet cat, any of a large groupe of mostly nocturnal mammals of the Old World family Vierridate (civet family), which also includes the mongoose. Civets are not true cats, but the civet family is related to the cat family (Felidae). Most civets have catlike bodies, long tails, and weasel like faces. Their fur may be gray or brown, and may be marked in various patterns. All civets have scent-producing glands, located in a double pouch near the genitals. The fatty yellow secretion of these glands has a distinctive musky odor used for territorial marking. Commercially, this substance is known as civet and is used as a perfume fixative. Civet can be removed from captive animals every 14 to 20 days. Some civet species are hunted for their fur. The ground-living, or true, civets form a distinctive group within the family; these animals have a highly carnivorous diet. Most have dark spots and ringed tails. They include several Asian species (genus Viverra) and one African species (Civettictis civetta). Best known is the Indian civet, V. zibetha, of South Asia, from which most of the civet for perfume is derived. It has tawny fur with black spots and black bands on the tail. It is about 30 in. (76 cm) long, excluding the 20-in. (42-cm) tail, and about 15 in. (38 cm) high at the shoulder; it weighs up to 25 lb (11 kg). Its musk glands are greatly enlarged. Some of the ground-living civets are called linsangs and genets. The palm civets form another distinct group within the civet family. These are arboreal, largely fruit-eating animals of Africa and Asia; They are classified in several genera. The North American spotted skunk is sometimes popularly called civet but is not closely related to civets. Synonyms: Jabad, Jabad kastūrī (Hindi), Gandamārjara Vīrya (Sanskrit), Civet (English). Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): Uṣna (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Karma: Deodorant, appetizer, carminative, cardiac tonic, bornchodilator, anticonvulsant, aphrodisiac and ecbolic. Therapeutics: Civet is given in external swellings, pruritis, indolent skin ulcers, mental disorder, loss of appetite, asthma and seminal diseases. Dose: 1-2G. Mṛgaśṛṅga Introduction: ātharvaveda has documented the use of mrigashringa. Indian classical on surgery, śuśruta Sa*hitā has mentioned name 'massī' for mrigashringa. Mṛgaśṛṅga is use din form of ash (bhasama). According to āyurveda, only that product should be used which is heavy, large and should be many-branched. Synonyms: Harina sīngha (Hindi), Eṇaśṛiṅga, Hariṇśrṅga, Mṛāśṛṅga, Mṛgaviṣāṇa, śṛṅga, Viṣaṇa (Sanskrit), Deer's horn, Hart's Hurn (English). Purification: Mṛgaśṛṅga is purified by boiling in expressed juice or decoction of the medicinal plants mentioned in Amlavarga. According to some experts, the substance requires no purification. Therapeutics: Mṛgaśṛṅga is given in angina pectoris, bronchitis, asthma, pneumonia and pleurisy. Dose: 125-250mg. Vehicle: Ghee and honey or expressed juice of ginger. Formulations based on Mṛgaśṛṅga: Balakra rasa, Grahaṇīvjrakapāṭa rasa, Jaharamohrā vaṭī, Jvarāṅkuśa rasa, Kandaparsundara rasa, Sarvśvara rasa, Tṛguṇākhyo rasa, Trinetra rasa and Yavana ratanśvara rasa. Muktā Introduction: Pearl is formed inside the oyster, Inside oyster animal belonging to phylum molluska resides. When the animal is irritated, secretion is formed which gets converted into pearl. Muktā is circular, predominantly white and shining like silver. Habitat: Australia, China, India, Iran, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Philipinenes, Sri Lanka, Synonyms: Motī (Hindi), Ambhasara, Mauktikam, Muktāphala, śasiratana, śuktija (Sanskrit), Civet (English), Chemical name: Calcium carbonate, Chemical formula: CaCO. Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Karma (Action): Appetizer, cardiac tonic, mucolytic, antipyretic, nootropic, tonic and aphrodisiac, antidote to various poisons. Therapeutics: Pearl is given in eye diseases, loss of appetite, liver-ailments, dysentery, internal hemorrhoids, spastic colon, brochitis, tuberculosis, leucorrhoea, seminal debility, dysuria, menorrhagia, cardiac edema, fevers, burning-syndrome, anemia and lead poising. Dose: 30-125mg. Formulations based on Muktā: Cintāmaṇi rasa Curāmaṇi rasa, Grahaṇīkapāṭa rasa, Kaṅcarābhra rasa, Kandaripa rasa, Kastūrībhairava rasa, Kṣayakesarī rasa, Kumudaśvea rasa, Makardhwaz vaṭī, Mehakesarī rasa, Mukatāpañcāmṛta rasa, Muktā bhasma, Muktā piṣṭī, Pupakvaviṣamajvarāntaka lauha, Tralioyakcintāmaṇi rasa, Vāriśoṣaṇa rasa, Vasantamālitī rasa, Vasantatilaka rasa and Viṣmajvarāntaka lauha. śukti Introduction: Pearl oyster formed inside molluscal shell. The shell is grey coloured. Pearl oyster is white in colour and gives rainbow like image. the pearl oyster which yields pearl is more shining. Habitat: Australia, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Philippines, Sri Lanka. Synonyms: Sīpa (Hindi), Abhidbhaṇḍūkī, Mahāśukta, Mauktikmandir, Mauktikprasava, Muktāgha, Muktagraha, Muktamata, Muktaprasu, Muktasphaoṭa, śukti śuktikā (Sanskrit), Pearl oyster (English). Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent). Guṇa (Physical pṛoperty): Snigdha. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Karma (Action): Appetizer, carminative, cardiac tonic, brochodilator and lithontriptic. Therapeutics: Pearl oyster is given in dyspepsia, cardiac edema, bronchial asthma and renal calculi. Dose: 250 mg. Vehicle: Ghee, milk and honey. Formulations based on śukti: Grahaṇīśādrūla rasa, Lūtaviṣnāśaka agada, Mahāgandhaka, Pravalapañcāmṛta rasa, Vadnavala rasa, Viṣmajvarāntaka rasa and Vraṇaropanārtha cūrṇa. Pravāla Introduction: Pravala is dried form of animal (Anthazoan polyp) living in shallow sea. According to experts, sea water contains fraction of calcium oxide or lime. Animals living in sea feed on this lime and the quantity of lime keeps on increasing in their body. When the amount of lime exceeds the limit, the animals collect at on place and die. The collection gives impression of branches of a tree. Female gives lacks of eggs. The network keeps on increasing and the animals at the base die and gets converted into lime. Pravala is red in colour and in between it contains lime. Pravala is of various types but red variety is considered to be superior. Best vriety of pravala resembles with mature and red coloured fruit of Coccinia indica (Bimbi), is round, without any opening and straight. pravala which is dusky, having opening, light and white coloured should be discarded. Habitat: Seas of Italy, Africa, Equator and Europe. Pravala is not found in Indian seas. Synonyms: Mūgā (Hindi), Abdhijantuvisheshottha, Ambhodhipallava, Aṅgarakāmanī, Bhaumratan, Latamani, Prawālak, Raktāṅga, Raktāṅkura, Vidrum (Sanskrit) and Coral (English). Rasa (Taste): Madhura (Sweet), Kaṭu (Pungent) and Amla (Sour). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Madhura (Sweet). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Karma (Action): Antacid, appetizer, digestive, cardiac tonic, mucolytic, nootropic, diuretic, aphrodisiac, diaphoretic, antidote to various poisons and tonic. Therapeutics: Coral is given in dyspepsia, hyperacidity, bleeding diathesis, night-sweats, diabetes insipidus, asthma and renal calculi. Dose: 30-125mg. Formulations based on Pravāla: Apurvamalinivasanta, Cintāmṇai rasa, Cūramaṇi rasa, Kandarpa rasa, Kastūrībharava rasa, Mahāmriṇgāṅka rasa, Makardhwaz vaṭī, Muktā pañcamṛīta rasa, Prāvala piṣṭi, Pravālapaṅcamṛta rasa, Pupakvavishmajvaraantaka lauha, Ratangarbhapoṭalī rasa, Sarvāṅgasundara rasa, Tralioyakcintāmaṇi rasa, Unmādabhanjana rasa, Vadvanala rasa, Vasantatilaka rasa and Viṣmajvarāntaka lauha. śaṅkha Introduction: śaṅkha is external covering of creature belonging to phylum mollusca. The animal is found in seas and moves gradually from one place to another. When the animal reaches the sea-shore, it is captured by the predators that boil it in water and inges it. The outer shell is shankha of cmmerce. Habitat: All seas. Synonyms: śaṅkha (Hindi), Dīrghanada, Haripriyā, Kamboja, Kambu, Mahānada, Pavanadhavani, Sanudraja, Sasvana, śaṅkha, śaṅkhaka, Sunada, Trirekha (Sanskrit), and Conch shell (English). Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Pysical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency):śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Karma (Action): Appetizer, cardiac tonic and bronchodilator. Therapeutics: Conch shell is given in abdominal tumor, dyspepsia, hyperacidity, malabsorption, peptic ulcer, cataract and acne vulgaris. Dose: 125-600mg. Formulations based on śaṅkha: Apurvamalinivasanta, Cintāmaṇi rasa, Cūṇāmaṇī rasa, Kandarpa rasa, Kastūribhairava rasa, Mahāmṛṅgāka, rasa, Makardhwaz vaṭī, Muktā pañcāmṛta rasa, Pravāla piṣṭī, Prāvala pañcāmṛta rasa, Pupakvaviṣamajvarāntaka lauha, Rantangarbhapotali rasa, Sarvangasundara rasa, Tralioyakcintāmaṇi rasa, Unmādabhañjaña rasa, Vadvanala rasa, Vasantatilaka rasa and Viṣmajvarāntaka lauha. Sambūka Introduction: śaṅkha is external covering of a creature belonging to phylum mollusca. Habitat: All seas. Synonyms: Ghonga (Hindi), Kṣudra śaṅkha, Laghu śaṅkha, śaṅkhanaka, Vāriśukti (Sanskrit) and Snail (English). Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Kaṣāya (Astringent). Guṇa (Physical property): Laghu (Light) and Rūkṣa. Vīrya (Potency): śīta (Cold). Vipāka (Post-digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect on Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta, Pitta and Kapha. Karma (Action): Appetizer and digestive. Therapeutics: It is given in abdominal pain, dyspepsia, pustular eruptions and cataract. Dose: 250mg. Formulations based on śambūka: śambūka vaṭī. Varāṭikā Introduction: Varāīṭikā is external covering of a creature belonging to phylum mollusca. Best vārāṭikā is yellow in colour and has a knot. Habitat: All seas. Synonyms: Kauḍī (Hindi), Bālakrīdanaka, Cāra, Charachara, Karaprdī, Karparda, Karpardaka, Karpardikā, Varāṭa, Varāṭaka, Vāraṭī, Varṭīkā (Sanskrit) and Cowri shell (English). Rasa (Taste): Kaṭu (Pungent) and Tikta (Bitter). Guṇa (Physical property): Guru (Heavy). Vīrya (Potency): Uṣṇa (Hot). Vipāka (Post digestion effect): Kaṭu (Pungent). Effect o Tridoṣa: Pacifies Vāta and Kapha. Karma (Action): Appetizer, digestive, tonic and digestive. Therapeutics: Snail is given in loss of appetite, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer, gastritis, tuberculosis and otorrhoea. Dose: 250mg. Formulations based on varāṭikā: Agnikumāra rasa, Bhāskara rasa, Candrasūryātamaka rasa, Grahaṇīkapāṭa rasa, Hemagarbha poṭalī rasa, Karpardaka bhasma, Krimikasthtanala rasa Langhulaṅkaśvara rasa, Lavangādi vaṭī, Lokanātha rasa, Plīhaśādrūla raṣa, Pradarāntaka lauha, Prāṇavallabha rasa, Ratangarbha poṭalī rasa, Saṅgrhagrahaṇikapāṭa rasa, Sūryātmaka rasa and Yogśvara rasa.